电堆积与等速电泳结合的毛细管电泳进样富集方法的研究

 提出电堆积与等速电泳结合的毛细管电泳进样富集方法 ,并对电堆积和等速电泳进样富集的最佳条件进行了研究。在 15kV电压 ,电堆积进样 70s和等速电泳富集 40s条件下 ,对两种结构相近的药物普萘洛尔和美托洛尔用毛细管区带电泳法进行了分离。pH 4.0 ,30mmol/L醋酸钠 醋酸、30mmol/Lβ 丙氨酸 醋酸和 1.5 mmol/L醋酸钠 醋酸溶液分别作背景 (或前导 )、尾随和样品缓冲液。与常规电迁移进样方法比较 ,信号增强因子约为 2 5 0和16 0 ;总分析时间与常规法相近。     

肌肽类生物活性肽的毛细管电泳在线富集技术

建立了毛细管区带电泳(CZE)在线富集3种肌肽类活性肽(肌肽、鹅肌肽和高肌肽)的两种简便有效的方法。一种是大体积进样反向压力排除基体富集（LVSRP）技术,即通过流体动力学进样,在不改变电源极性的条件下,利用反向压力排除样品基体,电堆积富集后进行CZE分离;另一种是大体积进样电渗流排除基体富集（LVSEP）技术,即通过流体动力学进样,于运行缓冲液中加入溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTAB)动态修饰毛细管表面,通过电渗流排除样品基体,改变电源极性后进行CZE分离。与常规CZE相比,LVSRP技术和LVSEP技术使检测灵敏度提高了40~60倍。对影响两种富集过程的一些因素进行了研究,在最优富集条件下考察本方法的线性范围为0.080~5.0 μmol/L。对3种生物活性肽的检测限(S/N=3)分别为LVSRP 41~58 nmol/L,LVSEP 35~43 nmol/L。     

毛细管电泳大体积进样在柱复合富集技术

提出场放大进样和酸堆积结合的大体积样品复合富集方法,实现了毛细管电泳对高盐样品中阳离 子的有效富集和分离。向样液中添加70%(V/V)乙腈,场放大进样600s后,电动注入强酸做酸堆积,预富集 样品带用毛细管区带电泳分离仍能获得满意的分离度。此法的富集倍数约为常规电动进样的800倍。普萘 洛尔和美托洛尔的检出限分别达到1×10-4mg/L和7×10-4mg/L     

基于场放大进样及Au纳米粒子双重富集用于大肠杆菌检测的毛细管电泳电化学免疫分析法

利用Au纳米粒子作为辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记抗体的载体,结合电堆积预富集技术,发展了一种基于场放大进样及Au纳米粒子双重富集的毛细管电泳电化学免疫分析技术用于大肠杆菌的检测.大肠杆菌与酶标抗体免疫反应后直接进行场放大进样预富集,免疫样品快速迁移并堆积在毛细管入口端,同时带负电荷的金纳米粒子向阳极端迁移,在样品与缓冲溶液的界面处吸附样品离子.金纳米粒子作为多酶载体使检测信号进一步放大.以标记在抗体上的HRP催化H2O2氧化邻苯二胺产生的电流信号来检测大肠杆菌.同常规电动进样毛细管电泳相比,该双重富集技术可使灵敏度提高1400倍.该方法对大肠杆菌检测的线性范围为2.0～2000.0 cfu mL-1,检出限为1.0 cfu mL-1,实现了对扇贝样品中大肠杆菌的快速、灵敏检测.     

毛细管筛分电泳中电动超荷电结合预填充水塞在线富集十二烷基磺酸钠-蛋白质的复合物

提出了一种应用于毛细管筛分电泳中的电动超荷电结合柱头水塞堆积样品的方法,实现了十二烷基磺酸钠-蛋白质复合物的在线富集。一般情况下,电动超荷电方法是一种将电动进样与瞬时等速电泳联用的富集技术。具体过程是,首先在毛细管中注入背景电解质,再注入适量的前导电解质,然后电动进样一段时间。最后注入后导电解质开始瞬时等速电泳及分离的过程。本文在常规的电动超荷电技术基础上,在电动进样之前先注入一段含有聚合物的水塞以进一步提高富集效果。同时,考察了电动超荷电中不同富集方法叠加联用的效果,包括聚合物的筛分效应、结合水塞和不结合水塞的场放大样品进样效果、瞬时等速电泳等。结果表明,由于十二烷基磺酸钠-蛋白质复合物的质荷比接近,电动进样中的进样歧视得到消除,电动超荷电结合含聚合物水塞堆积样品的方法可以无歧视地在线富集十二烷基磺酸钠-蛋白质复合物,检测灵敏度增强1000倍以上。该方法非常适用于低丰度蛋白质的分析,并可同时提供相对分子质量信息。     

样品堆积——毛细管电泳的柱上浓缩技术

评叙了样品堆积，一种毛细管电泳提高检测灵敏度的柱上浓缩技术。样品堆积包括电堆积富集与场增加进样两种方法，分别在流动动力进样与电动进样过程中实现。本文从理论上说明了实现样品堆积及优化样品堆积富集效率须采取的实验措施，并对样品堆积目前的应用状况进行了全面介绍。     

场放大进样-毛细管电泳非接触式电导快速检测蔬菜中草酸

采用场放大进样-毛细管电泳非接触式电导,建立了分离检测蔬菜中水溶性草酸的方法。以25 mmol/L乙酸溶液为电泳运行液,未涂层石英毛细管,负高压分离,电动进样-11 kV×10 s,草酸可在5 min内获得良好分离和灵敏检测,检出限为6μg/L,定量限为20μg/L。日内和日间精度的相对标准偏差(RSD)≤5%。蔬菜样品中共存的常见无机阴离子和有机基质不干扰草酸的测定,样品无需复杂的前处理就可直接进样分析。该方法可用于蔬菜中水溶性草酸含量的检测。     

二维毛细管电泳电化学检测尿样中的β-阻断剂

设计并制作了在柱电化学(EC)检测池,用于在同一根毛细管中进行中心切割二维毛细管电泳(2D-CE)在线纯化分离检测尿样中的6种β-阻断剂.尿样先在15 mmol/L NaAc缓冲液中进行毛细管区带电泳(CZE)分离,带正电荷的β-阻断剂与中性和带负电荷的干扰物质分成不同区带,然后在检测端施加13.8 kPa压力将干扰成分从毛细管入口端排出,同时将目标组分驱送到毛细管入口端,最后在90 mmol/L NaAc-30 mmol/L SDS缓冲液中进行胶束电动毛细管色谱(MEKC)分离.场放大样品堆积(FASS)/胶束推扫在柱双重富集技术不仅有效抵消压力驱送过程中产生的区带扩散,还可进一步压缩样品区带,提高检测灵敏度.本方法成功用于服药后鼠尿样品中6种β-阻断剂的分离测定,经第一维CZE分离排除干扰后,在未涂层毛细管柱(60 cm ×50 μm i.d.)、90 mmol/L NaAc/HAc-30 mmol/L SDS运行缓冲液、检测电位0.8 V、运行电压10 kV条件下,对6种β-阻断剂进行在线富集分离,峰高、峰面积和迁移时间的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.0%～4.1%, 1.4%～3.7%和0.9%～2.7%(n=6).本研究为毛细管电泳在复杂样品在线纯化分析等方面的应用提供了新方法.     

准静态扫集胶束电动毛细管色谱法测定扇贝样品中的贝类毒素

采用准静态扫集胶束电动毛细管色谱(MEKC)法测定了扇贝样品中的2种贝类毒素。毛细管内首先充满含十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的缓冲溶液,调节缓冲溶液的pH值,使电渗流等于SDS胶束的电泳流速,电动进样时,带正电荷的贝类毒素离子被SDS扫集吸附,由于SDS在毛细管内处于准静止状态,可使进样时间延长至320 s。与常规电动进样MEKC相比,石房蛤毒素和软骨藻酸的检测灵敏度分别提高950和810倍。该方法对石房蛤毒素和软骨藻酸的检出限分别为0.05,0.12 ng/m L。方法可实现对扇贝样品中2种贝类毒素的快速、灵敏检测。     

阴离子耗尽进样胶束扫集毛细管电动色谱法在线富集测定甘草黄酮类化合物

建立了一个毛细管胶束电动色谱(MEKC)在线富集阴离子耗尽进样(ASEI)联用扫集(sweeping)技术测定3种甘草黄酮化合物(异甘草素、甘草素和甘草苷)的方法。考察了MEKC的分离条件和富集体系的优化条件,其中样品基质、水塞进入时间、进样时间对目标化合物的富集效果有较大的影响。在优化实验条件下,异甘草素、甘草素和甘草苷的富集倍数分别提高了110、120、300倍,检出限分别为0.015、0.014、0.011mg/L。该方法用于中药制剂中甘草素、异甘草素和甘草苷含量的测定,回收率在90.6%～107%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于4.5%(n=3)。实验证明,该方法可成功地应用于实际样品中甘草素、异甘草素和甘草苷含量的测定     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.