当前国内科学实验能力的研究现状及启示

利用知识图谱梳理了625篇有关实验能力研究的文献，分析了当前国内实验能力研究领域的热点关键词，围绕这些热点探讨了国内实验能力研究主题领域与现状。并尝试从共性和差异性的角度，总结基础教育领域各学科实验能力研究的内容与特点。     

国外中学电化学主题教学课例研究——以Journal of Chemical Education近十年载文为例

以中学电化学主题为例,选取国际化学教育期刊Journal of Chemical Education近10年内涉及中学电化学主题教学课例的文献为研究对象,从文献栏目分布、关键词分析、文献内容分析、代表性课例介绍等角度分析国外期刊中学电化学主题的教学热点与发展趋势,以期取长补短、拓展视野,为我国的电化学主题教学课例研究以及一线教师电化学主题教学思路的改进提供借鉴与参考。     

职前化学教师教育研究的内容分析*——基于SSCI期刊《化学教育研究与实践》的文献

国际职前化学教师教育研究的热点对我国职前化学教师教育发展具有借鉴意义。以47篇《化学教育研究与实践》上职前化学教师教育研究的论文作为研究对象,通过内容分析法和文献计量法分析,并与国内的研究现状进行对比,发现在发文量上,本领域文献产量都不高,国外相关研究成果也是近5年来才开始蓬勃,但在作者分布、研究主题、研究范式上存在较大差距。具体表现:国外学者注重跨专业、跨校、跨国合作研究职前化学教师教育;国外学者倾向于从学生的视角展开调查或测试,基于证据为学生的学习乃至教师教学改革提供策略;国外学者擅长实证研究,和国内经验总结的研究范式差别很大。     

生物,环境样品和食品中铅的痕量分析

主要根据近七年来发表的有关论文，综述了我国生物、环境样品和食品中铅和痕量分析技术进展，内容包括分子光谱、原子光谱、电化学和其他分析方法，以及联用技术和前处理等方面，收集文献３９３篇。     

原子吸收光谱法测定铅的进展

对近年来国内原子吸收光谱法测定铅的进展进行了评述，内容包括火焰原子吸收光谱法、石墨炉原子吸收光谱法和氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法。     

汽油铅与血铅的关系

论述了汽油铅对人体血铅水平的影响，主要内容包括：血铅水平与大气铅水平的关系，大气铅水平与加铅汽油耗量的关系，汽油铅耗量与居民血铅水平的关系。     

近20年中国化学教育中模型与建模研究的统计分析

以2000-2020年中国知网(CNKI)关于模型与建模研究的文献为研究对象,围绕文献数量、文献内容、文献分布等3个方面进行统计分析。发现近20年中国化学教育在模型与建模领域的研究文献自2017年起数量显著上升;文献内容涉及教学研究、能力测评、内涵解读、文本分析与文献综述等5个方面;文献主要来自师范类高校和化学教育类期刊,作者群体较为分散。基于现状分析指出当前研究存在的不足,以期为后续该领域的相关研究提供一些参考。     

利用铅同位素比值判断丹参不同产地来源

建立了用微柱流动注射与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用的铅同位素比值测量方法。利用铅与5-磺基-8-羟基喹啉的螯合反应在线分离测定丹参样品中的铅同位素比值，并利用铅同位素比值的分布进行中药丹参产地来源的研究。实验结果表明，相同地区来源的丹参样品其铅同位素比值分布相对集中，而不同地区来源的丹参，铅的同位素比值则有明显的区别。因此，铅的同位素比值可作为中药材的产地来源判别依据。     

高中化学新教材习题与课程标准一致性研究*——以“常见无机物及其应用”内容为例

结合本国国情,对SEC一致性分析模式进行本土化改造,构建基于化学学科能力的一致性分析框架,并从内容主题和认知水平等2个维度分析课程标准与3个版本高中化学新教材习题在“常见无机物及其应用”主题的一致性程度。研究结果显示:3个版本高中化学新教材习题与课程标准在内容主题和认知水平维度上均存在统计学意义上的显著一致性。在一致性研究的基础上,分析不同版本教材习题在内容主题和认知水平上的分布重点,并提出教材习题编写建议和使用策略。     

铅的生物富集效应

铅以微量元素的含量水平，广泛分布于动、植物的人体中。对比大量的动植物种群及各种年龄组的人群，似乎铅在一定的分子组态，特别是生物有机铅，不一定都是有害物质。相反可起一定的新陈代谢调节作用。或者可称为新陈代谢调节剂。特别是在动物、植物、人体中铅为微量、超微量状态时，铅更显现调节作用。     

Journal of Chemical Education 中关于化学批判性思维的文献分析

通过对1987年到2019年在Journal of Chemical Education上出版的所有以“Critical Thinking”为主题的文献进行内容分析,将这些文献分为5个类别,并从每一个类别中选择最具有代表性的一篇文献作为实例,从实验的过程分析、主动学习教学法、课程设置方案、纠正教科书错误、分析网络信息等5个维度提供了发展批判性思维能力的路径。最后总结了目前国际化学教育关于批判性思维的研究现状和趋势。     

Possibilities and limitations of delegated literature searches by computer

The present-day chemist is constantly on the lookout for information which may be useful to his work. If he is able to define his interests precisely enough then he can avail himself of information scientists and of specialized literature stores. However, retaining access to such information, which only he himself can subjectively judge for relevance to his work, and which most often constitutes a powerful incentive to his creative thinking, will always require his own “browsing” literature studies or personal contacts. These are the limitations of any delegated literature search.     

跨学科应用型研究生课程“表面物理化学Ⅱ”建设与实践

在跨学科应用型研究生课程"表面物理化学Ⅱ"问题分析和课程调研的基础上,采取了打破按单一学科组织教学的方式,确定了跨学科课程的知识模块和应用拓展内容体系,探索了行之有效的教学设计和教学方法来保证研究生学习需求和人才培养需求,并解决了部分学生学习基础薄弱的问题,提升了应用型研究生人才培养的质量,收到了明显的实践效果。     

TOSAR – A Topological Method for the Representation of Synthetic and Analytical Relations of Concepts

In mechanized systems used for searching in literature stores there is a steadily growing necessity not only to be able to formulate concepts as a search condition but also the characteristic connections under which these concepts appear in the inquiry. In this way the precision of the mechanized literature search is considerably increased. TOSAR has been developed in order to improve computerized literature searching in this respect.     

有机化学实验教学中学生科学探究能力的培养

The ability of scientific inquiry is one of the important abilities of undergraduate students. We have been thinking and exploring to cultivate students' scientific research ability in the course of laboratory teaching. In recent years, we had carried out persistently reform and practice to the laboratory teaching content and the teaching method in organic chemistry, for example, introduction to the frontier of scientific research, exploring the abnormal phenomena of the experiment, organization of experiment discussion, and carrying out the extracurricular research experiments. The above measures can greatly stimulate the students' interest in learning. Their abilities to think, observe, analyze and solve problems were fully developed. The students' ability of scientific inquiry had been cultivated in multiple aspects. The above measures have effectively promoted the improvement of teaching quality of organic chemistry laboratory course, and also supported the training objectives of high-quality innovative talents in chemistry.     

New thermogravimetric protocol for the investigation of normal and damaged human hyaline cartilage

Osteoarthritis, although classically conceived of as a degenerative consequence of aging, is a disease with an increasingly well-characterized molecular pathophysiology. Pathologic changes in cartilage composition and molecular organization, as well as elevated water content, alter the exquisite balance of biomechanical properties. Much of what is known about changes in the extracellular matrix in osteoarthritis comes from animal models. Previously, thermogravimetric methods have not been used for compositional thermoanalytical study of normal and degenerative human hyaline cartilage. For this reason the research group established a sufficient new thermogravimetric protocol, which proved water content elevation contributing to disease progression.     

Filipin orientation revealed by linear dichroism. Implication for a model of action

The organization of the polyene antibiotic filipin in membranes containing cholesterol is a controversial matter of debate. Two contradictory models exist, one suggesting a parallel and the other perpendicular organization of filipin with respect to the plane of the membrane. UV-vis linear dichroism, ATR-FTIR, and fluorescence anisotropy decay techniques were combined to study the orientation of filipin in model systems of membranes composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) or 1,2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) with and without cholesterol. Filipin's orientation is determined by the presence/absence of cholesterol when it is inserted in gel crystalline phase model membranes. When cholesterol (33%) is present in DPPC bilayers, filipin stands perpendicular to the membrane surface as expected in "pore-forming" models. At variance, absence of cholesterol leaves filipin in an essentially random organization in the lipidic matrix. In liquid crystalline phase bilayers (POPC) filipin's orientation is perpendicular to the membrane surface even in absence of cholesterol. Thus filipin's activity/organization depends not only on cholesterol presence but also in the lipid phase domain it is inserted in. These findings were combined with spectroscopy and microscopy data in the literature, solving controversial matters of debate.     

Lipid content in higher plants under osmotic stress

In this work, we performed investigations on the lipid content of higher plants (spinach) under hyperosmotic stress, by means of thin layer chromatography (TLC) and mass spectrometry. In particular, the experiments have been performed at different plant organization levels: whole leaves, freshly prepared protoplast suspension and mesophyll cells obtained by reformation of the cell wall from protoplast suspension. The results obtained showed that hyperosmotic stress induces changes in the phospholipid content depending on the different plant organization levels studied. All phospholipids showed an increment of their content in stressed whole leaves. In particular, phosphatidylglycerol (PG) redoubles its content by 1 h of osmotic shock. Different responses to hyperosmotic stress were reported for the other systems. In the case of protoplasts, an increment of PG, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) together with biphosphatidylglycerol (BPG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) content decreasing were observed in stressed sample. For PG, identified as PG (34:4) by elecrospray ionization mass spectrometry, the increment was of about 30%. In the case of cells, conversely, a decrease of PG content under osmotic stress was recorded. The results suggest an important role of phospholipids, in particular of PG, in the osmotic stress response.     

1H and 13C NMR data,occurrence, biosynthesis,and biological activity of Piper amides

Alkamides are the major and characteristic chemical compounds of the plants belonging to the Piper genus. These compounds are responsible for the flavor of pepper spices and for its broad use in cuisine across many regions of the world. Humans are in contact every day with these substances, which additionally show a broad variety of pharmacological activities, making them an important research target. A large amount of NMR data for these natural products is dispersed throughout literature. Its organization will help those research groups interested in their identification and structural elucidation. This review summarizes the ¹H and ¹³C NMR data of 268 Piper amides in a systematic and orderly way, with a discussion on their biological activities, biosynthetic aspects, and NMR analysis of typical and relevant aspects of this information.     

基于CiteSpace的磁性SERS检测技术研究态势分析

表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)具有灵敏度高、特异性强、操作简便、快速等优点,已成为近年来最有前景的分析工具之一。磁性纳米材料将贵金属的独特性能和磁性结合在一起,作为SERS基底检测痕量目标物被广泛研究。本文以1990～2020年间WOS核心数据库在SERS磁性纳米基底这一领域检索到的805条记录为研究对象,运用文献计量可视化工具CiteSpace软件,对磁性纳米基底领域的核心作者、机构、期刊和国家进行共现分析、共被引分析、聚类分析,对文章进行共被引分析、高被引分析,对关键词和科学领域进行聚类分析、突现分析等研究。本研究目的是发现SERS磁性纳米基底技术检测痕量目标物这一研究领域的热点研究课题和趋势,为环境污染物分析提供参考。