闪蒸气相色谱法应用于天然纤维与助燃剂混合燃烧残留物的分析

应用闪蒸气相色谱法对2种火场中常见的天然纤维载体(木材和棉布)与汽油(或柴油)的混合燃烧残留物进行分析。在模拟火场条件下,分别制得2种载体与汽油或柴油混合燃烧的残留物。根据燃烧残留物热重分析结果选择闪蒸温度为300℃。分析对象为上述2种载体分别在无助燃剂和有助燃剂条件下共同燃烧得到的残渣,分别在完全燃烧后0,24,72h进行取样。结果表明:闪蒸气相色谱技术可从混合燃烧残留物中检测到助燃剂的特征组分,能够满足助燃剂检测鉴定的要求。随着取样时间的延长,助燃剂发生挥发,残留特征组分减少。棉布载体燃烧残留物比木材载体燃烧残留物对助燃剂特征组分的保留效果更好。柴油燃烧产物特征组分较汽油特征组分保留时间更长。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定油气化探土壤中4种苯系物

<正>油气化探勘查基础理论是烃类通过垂向微渗漏扩散到上方地表中,通过对地表介质中烃类组分的测定,从而获得地下的油气信息。近年来,油气地球化学勘查开始向直接测定原油挥发组分的高分子烷烃、环烷烃和芳烃方向发展[1-11]。芳烃中苯系物中     

藏红花挥发油共有组分的气相色谱-质谱分析

本文采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法分析不同批次的藏红花挥发性成分,探讨同一产地不同批次藏红花挥发组分的成分与含量,并用峰面积归一化法确定各成分的相对含量,以其中的主要挥发组分作为考察指标,观察不同批次藏红花挥发组分的变化情况.初步鉴定出42种成分,且同一产地不同批次藏红花挥发性成分具有一定相似性.     

毛细管顶空色谱测定共聚醚的链节比

顶空气相色谱分析法是对液体或固体中挥发组分进行分析的一种测定方法。这一方法近年来在食品、药物以及环境分析中得到广泛应用。这一方法对分析聚合物中可挥发性组分有特殊的优点。它可以免去对样品冗长的预处理,以及高沸点物质对色谱系统的污染。静态顶空色谱法早已应用于聚合物中挥发组分的分析,但尚未见到测定聚醚链节比的报道。本文把顶空分析技术和毛细管色谱技术结合,通过测聚醚中的单体量推算出聚醚链节比。     

煤直接液化残渣溶剂萃取组分的热解行为研究

利用热重技术和固定床热解/在线质谱检测技术研究了残渣萃取组分重质油(HS)、沥青烯(A)、前沥青烯(PA)和四氢呋喃不溶物(THFIS)的热解特性,并尝试探讨了各萃取组分的热解行为与加氢行为之间的关系。研究结果表明,残渣中各萃取组分的加氢转化能力与其热分解能力有关。四种组分在SHR加氢液化产生的正协同作用的原因,在于各萃取组分之间的相互作用导致了HS和A族组分中的某些低温挥发组分,在较低温度区间不挥发逸出,而在较高温度区间裂解,迎合了加氢液化对自由基碎片的需求。但PA的存在有利于缩聚反应的发生,可促进裂解产物的再聚合,从而对加氢液化产生不利影响。     

紫外分光光谱法快速测定原料油中芳香烃的含量

应用紫外分光光谱技术建立了快速测定原料油中芳香烃含量的方法。分别以色谱分离法提纯的蜡油、柴油芳香烃组分为标准物,绘制标准曲线。实验表明蜡油和柴油中芳香烃的含量与吸光度具有良好的线性关系(相关系数r2分别为0.999 73,0.999 44),蜡油和柴油中芳烃的加标回收率分别为96.83%,98.97%。蜡油和柴油中芳烃测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.32%～0.98%,0.89%～1.52%(n=6)。该方法进行原料油可磺化有效组分的检测快速可靠,能更好地应用于实际生产。     

低温氧化对原油组成的影响

通过空气与原油在油藏温度和一定压力下低温氧化过程的模拟实验,对反应前后气体与原油的组成进行分析.结果表明,实验条件下低温氧化反应后原油芳烃含量减少,胶质含量增加,饱和烃含量和沥青含量基本不变,正构烷烃轻重组分比增加;原油黏度有所增加.     

K波段微波监测原油中的水——第一部分:初探

单频和扫频的微波测试系统都可用于原油中水分的测定。数据表明,含水量高达22％(V/V)的北海原油和轴油在14～26.5GHz内的衰减随频率的增高和含水量的增加而增大。补充实验表明,在23.9GHz时,对于上述油、阿布扎比原油和柴油(DERV),当含水量低于5％(V/V)时,灵敏度很低。     

采用模拟蒸馏对原油馏分分布的色谱法测定

提出了色谱模拟蒸馏测定原油馏分分布的方法,采用高温模拟蒸馏分析原油中重组分,用详细烃组成技术(DHA方法)分析原油中轻组分,通过组分整合得到原油馏分分布。试验表明:采用nC5～nC120的正构烷烃混合物作为模拟蒸馏的沸点校正样,分析的馏程范围为初馏点至750℃。该方法重复性好,初馏点和终馏点的标准偏差小于1℃,各馏分收率的标准偏差小于0.35%。此法与实沸点蒸馏方法结果基本一致,小于500℃各馏分的收率差值小于2.5%,可明显看出在500～750℃范围的馏分分布,有利于重质馏分的进一步加工利用。     

气相色谱法测定土壤中柴油含量

对气相色谱法用于测定土壤生物降解过程中柴油含量的可行性进行了研究。首先制备柴油标准溶液,采用气相色谱法测定丙酮–正己烷(1∶1)萃取液对土壤中柴油的萃取效果。测量结果表明柴油的质量浓度在0.5~3g/L范围内线性关系良好,检出限为0.45 g/L,测定结果相对标准偏差为1.16%~1.42%(n=5),加标回收率为100.6%~103.6%。研究结果表明在生物降解过程中,降解作用导致柴油组分发生了变化,柴油中不同组分降解效果不一致,气相色谱法能够真实地反映生物降解过程中柴油含量的变化。     

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of aerial parts of Petasites albus from Iran: a good natural source of euparin

The chemical composition of the essential oil of Petasites albus (known as 'Baba Adam' in Iran) was investigated by capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the first time. Twenty components were identified, accounting for 99.7% of the oil composition. The major compounds were euparin (73%), α-eudesmol (13.2%) and β-selinene (4.5%). Euparin, the main component of the essential oil, was isolated and characterised by spectroscopic techniques. The antioxidant activities of the essential oil and euparin were evaluated by using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay and are shown to exhibit a moderate antioxidant activity.     

A comprehensive analysis of the properties of light crude oil in oxidation experimental studies

The analysis of light crude oil for oxidation reaction experiments is a kind of important technological for evaluating an air injection project in a reservoir. In this study, the paper comprehensively analyzes the variations of Jilin crude oil composition comparing crude oil component’s variations before and after oxidation, and investigates the effluent gas composition and hydrocarbon, analyzes the mechanism of low temperature oxidation reaction (LTO), and rebuilds the light crude oil cracking reaction of intermediate component in a new pattern. In the early stage of the oxidation reaction, firstly, oxygen is captured by forming chemical bond in liquid hydrocarbon. And then oxygen takes part in the free radical chain reaction by forming hyperoxide and decomposes to ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, and so on. Meanwhile, chain scission reaction comes up. Research result shows that the intermediate components (C_7–17) of crude oil make great contribution to crude oil cracking. The experimental result shows that Jilin reservoir has the potential of implementing air injection project.     

Determination of the Component Composition of Essential Oil of Thyme Species by the Method of Gas Chromatography

Abstract—A comparative study of the component composition of the essential oil of cultivars of Thymus serpyllum L. and similar kinds to expose marker connections for the authentication of raw material is conducted by the method of gas chromatography. In the essential oil of one of the specimen the propionates discovered are typical representatives of the Lamiaceae family.     

模式识别法分析5种植物油脂

通过模式识别方法区分花生油、大豆油、米糠油、棕榈油和菜籽油。采用气相色谱法分析5种植物油脂的脂肪酸,用面积归一化法计算每个植物油脂样品的各脂肪酸相对含量。以每个植物油脂中9个脂肪酸的相对含量为变量,采用SPSS13.0软件的模式识别技术对119个植物油脂样品进行区分。由主成分分析图可知,花生油、大豆油、米糠油、棕榈油和菜籽油被清晰地分为5组。判别分析建立的判别方程能较好地实现样品的判别,自身验证和交互验证的准确率均为100%。另取每种植物油脂各5个样品(共25个)进行验证,识别准确率为100%。对调和有棕榈油的花生油进行主成分分析,在主成分分析图上,调和油的分布点在花生油分布区域与棕榈油分布区域之间。     

循环流化床内废轮胎的热解油化

介绍了以循环流化床反应器为主体的废轮胎热解油化装置,实验过程,实验结果及分析。通过评价热解条件对气体成分及油、碳和气产物产率的影响,以及热解油品的成分分析,得出如下结论：（１）较高的温度和较好的停贸时间会生成过多的不凝气（主要成分为ＣＨ４、Ｈ２,Ｃ２ＨＶ和ＣＯ等）,降低油的产率,过低的温度和加热速率导致严重的碳化,同样会降低油产率。（２）热解油品的组成成分非常复杂,芳烃占了很大比例,其次是烷烃和非     

墓头回挥发油化学成分的研究

墓头回也叫箭头风,为败酱科植物异叶败酱[Patrinia Heterophylla Bge.]和糙叶败酱[PatriniuScabra Bge.]的根,能治伤寒、温疟,妇女崩中,赤白带下,跌打损伤等疾病,对艾氏癌细胞有抑制及伤害作用。墓头回挥发油的化学成分尚未见报道。本文采用毛细管气相色谱-质谱法对墓头回挥发油的化学成分进行了研究。色谱分离出50多个组分,质谱确定了其中30个组分的化学成分,占总色谱流出峰面积的56.32％。此外还有10个结构尚未完全确定的倍半萜烯,占色谱总流出峰面积的8.50％;3个倍半萜烯醇,占色谱总流出峰面积的4.71％;2     

Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Illicium verum fruit and its main component trans-anethole

In order to identify natural products for plant disease control, the essential oil of star anise (Illicium verum Hook. f.) fruit was investigated for its antifungal activity on plant pathogenic fungi. The fruit essential oil obtained by hydro-distillation was analyzed for its chemical composition by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). trans-Anethole (89.5%), 2-(1-cyclopentenyl)-furan (0.9%) and cis-anethole (0.7%) were found to be the main components among 22 identified compounds, which accounted for 94.6% of the total oil. The antifungal activity of the oil and its main component trans-anethole against plant pathogenic fungi were determined. Both the essential oil and trans-anethole exhibited strong inhibitory effect against all test fungi indicating that most of the observed antifungal properties was due to the presence of trans-anethole in the oil, which could be developed as natural fungicides for plant disease control in fruit and vegetable preservation.     

香格里拉产小叶杜鹃花挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

研讨香格里拉县小叶杜鹃花的挥发油化学成分,为进一步合理开发利用其药用资源提供试验依据。利用水蒸汽同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)提取小叶杜鹃花的挥发性化学成分,通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对各个色谱峰定性,并采用色谱峰面积归一法获得各个化合物的相对含量。从小叶杜鹃花挥发油中共分离鉴定了73个色谱峰,占挥发油总量的85.53%。小叶杜鹃花挥发油主要成分有α-蒎烯(14.00%)、正二十三烷(9.51%)、7-甲氧基-2,2-二甲基-3-色烯(6.26%)、正二十烷(6.11%)、苯乙醇(5.10%)、1-Heneicosyl formate(4.60%)等。     

油气管道中的残余物研究

油气管道中的残余物,对自然环境及人的健康都造成了很大危害。就油气管道残余物的放射性、物质成分及其危害进行了研究。     

Terpenoid composition and antifungal activity of three commercially important essential oils against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger

Hydro-distilled essential oils extracted from three commercially important aromatic plants were analysed by capillary gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and gas chromatography/quadrupole mass spectrometry and subjected to antifungal activity. Fifteen compounds, which accounted for 97.8% of Acorus calamus root oil composition have been identified. Besides the major constituent (Z)-asarone (81.1-92.4%), (Z)-methyl isoeugenol (1.8-2.1%), (Z)-isoelemicin (1.2-1.3%), (E)-asarone (1.0-2.6%), (E)-methyl isoeugenol (0.2-0.4%), (Z)-β-ocimene (0.2-0.4%), elemicin (0.2-0.3%), linalool (0.1-0.9%) and kessane (t-0.2%) were identified. Monoterpenes constituted the main fraction of Origanum vulgare essential oil attaining 90.5% of the total oil composition. p-Cymene (10.3%) was the major component of the monoterpene hydrocarbon fraction while thymol (53.2%) and carvacrol (3.9%) were the most abundant oxygenated monoterpenes among the 33 identified constituents. Cinnamomum tamala leaf oil contained (E)-cinnamaldehyde as the principal component. Quantitative variations in (Z)-cinnamaldehyde (5.8-7.1%), linalool (6.4-8.5%) and (E)-cinnamyl acetate (4.7-5.2%) were significant. The antifungal activity of the hydro-distilled essential oils of A. calamus, O. vulgare and C. tamala were evaluated against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Disc diffusion method was used for the determination of the inhibitory effect. O. vulgare essential oil exhibited the highest activity. Moreover, all three essential oils inhibit the growth of A. flavus and A. niger.