加拿大的化学计量

介绍了加拿大国家计量标准研究所有关化学计量方面的研究人员、研究方向、有证标准物质、分析技术和仪器、国际比对等有关信息。     

化学计量中的不确定度

阐述了化学计量中标准装置、标准物质和测量方法的不确定度的评定，论述了不确定度与溯源性的关系。     

化学计量中的不确定度

阐述了化学计量中标准装置、标准物质和测量方法的不确定度的评定,论述了不确定度与溯源性的关系。     

化学计量研究进展

叙述了化学计量的特点、作用和重要性及其研究内容,探讨了标准物质量值传递系统及实现标准物质量值溯源性的途径,阐述了建立化学测量溯源性的重要性、困难性、复杂性及基本设想和途径,并对化学计量中物质的量“摩尔”进行了简要论述。     

加拿大的化学计量

介绍了加拿大国家计量标准研究所有关化学计量方面的研究人员、研究方向、有证标准物质、分析技术和仪器、国际比对等有关信息     

化学计量体系的特点及实现有效化学测量的途径

叙述了有效化学测量的意义、化学计量体系的组成和特点，介绍了实现有效化学测量的途径以及标准物质在化学测量中的作用。     

国防科技工业应用化学一级计量站 全国化工标准物质委员会标准物质研究开发中心

<正>国防科技工业应用化学一级计量站(原国防科工委化学计量一级站)是1986年建于中国兵器工业第五三研究所的专业计量技术机构,同时也是兵器非金属材料理化检测中心、国家进出口商品非金属材料认可实验室、国防计量2501校准实验室、全国化工标准物质委员会标准物质研究开发中心。目前,专门从事化学计量的人员196人,其中研究员15人、高级工程师32人。拥有各种分析测试仪器150余台,建有国防计量最高标准30余项。主要承担国防科工委化学计量科研任务;国防系统化学量值传递,计量标准的考核、复查、人员培训;国防大型试验基地现场计量保证;标准物质的研制、定值、发放;进出口非金属材料检验;化学产品测试及未知样品的剖析等。先后完成计量科研课题40余项,有20余项达到国     

国防科技工业应用化学一级计量站全国化工标准物质委员会标准物质研究开发中心

<正>国防科技工业应用化学一级计量站(原国防科工委化学计量一级站)是1986年建于中国兵器工业第五三研究所的专业计量技术机构,同时也是兵器非金属材料理化检测中心、国家进出口商品非金属材料认可实验室、国防计量2501校准实验室、全国化工标准物质委员会标准物质研究开发中心。目前,专门从事化学计量的人员196人。其中研究员人、高级工程师32人。拥有各种分析测试仪器150余台,建有国防计量最高标准30余项。主要承担国防科工委化学计量乖研任务;国防系统化学量值传递,计量标准的考核、复查、人员培训;国防大型试验基地现场计量保证;标准物质的研制、定值、发放;进出口非金属材料检验:化学产品测试及未知样品的剖析等。先后完成计量科研课题40余项,有20余项达到巨     

计量学和标准物质对化学计量溯源性的作用

探索了将计量学基础理论引入化学计量工作的可能性,并对“目前需要对化学计量的‘溯源性’,‘校准’和‘认证’的定义作出更为准确的解释”这一问题以及标准物质在向SI溯源方面的作用进行了论述。     

计量学和标准物质对化学计量溯源性的作用

探索了将计量学基础理论引入化学计量工作的可能性，并对“目前需要对化学计量的‘溯源性’，‘校准’和‘认证’的定义作出更为准确的解释”这一问题以及标准物质在向ＳＩ溯源方面的作用进行了论述。     

Polyolefins: The most promising large-volume materials for the 21st century

Polyolefins (POs) constitute an extremely interesting family of materials. They include large-volume materials such as polyethylene and polypropylene and specialty materials. Outstanding scientific and technology developments have led to the most aggressive, endless, always increasing, successful growth speed of any family of large-volume materials. For those of us who have lived through the entire PO adventure, from its problematic beginnings to the eventual successful developments of the last 25 years, it has been a quite unforeseeable and unexpected story not shared by the majority. The main reason for such behavior and the present situation is the inherent complexity of their catalytic systems, which are difficult to understand and manage, along with all the consequences in terms of the process versatility, the reliability and cost, the lack of product properties, and the possibility of new material creation and commercial availability. After the early commercial disappointments of the 1960s and early 1970s, the deep commitment of the industry in research and development, mostly aimed at an understanding of the catalysis and its improvement and management, created the basis for and led to the generation of new, elegant, and versatile processes and, most importantly, to the generation of new products and properties. It activated that dynamic and aggressive growth that, since the late 1970s, has characterized the entire PO market and still, at the beginning of the third millennium, is not showing any sign of decline. An attempt to provide a rational explanation for such a unique case of technological and commercial success in the history of materials has led us to the following conclusions. First, dramatic improvements in the polymer properties and the generation of new materials have been the key reasons for their commercial success and continuous market expansion. Second, the tremendous and dynamic development of new, elegant, and versatile technologies has been and is the fundamental prerequisite for the generation of that rich world of new properties and materials. Third, the strategic management of the technological background and potential for the creation of new properties and new applications has been and is the basis for the fast and successful market expansion. The key technological driving force has been the understanding and management of the catalytic system. The early generations of chromium-based and Ziegler–Natta catalysts, after a difficult beginning, have progressively accelerated in their development toward new revolutionary generations with outstanding potential in terms of the creation of new polymer properties. The most recent families of single-site catalysts, together with the still largely unexploited potential of the previous Ziegler–Natta, chromium, and vanadium catalysts, are showing the ability to guarantee the continued support and fueling of the expansion for several further decades. The development philosophy will always be more tuned toward the creation of low-cost, low-environmental-impact polymers and processes, with a minimum amount of constraints. Today, at the beginning of the new century, we see the PO future as still very bright because of the huge, unexploited potential of already existing and emerging technologies. The PO adventure continues and is still exciting like it was 50 years ago. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 396–415, 2004     

Polymer-surfactant and protein-surfactant interactions

The phase behavior and some physicochemical properties of homopolymers (HP) and hydrophobically modified (HMP) polymers, as well as of polyelectrolytes (PE) and proteins (PR), in the presence of aqueous surfactants, or their mixtures, are discussed. Mixing the above components gives rise to the formation of organized phases, whose properties are controlled by polymer and/or surfactant content, temperature, pH, and ionic strength. Depending on the nature, concentration, and net charge of both solutes, molecular solutions, polymer-surfactant complexes, adsorption onto micelles and vesicles, gels, liquid crystalline phases, and precipitates are observed. Such rich polymorphic behavior is the result of a complex balance between electrostatic, excluded volume, van der Waals, and other contributions to overall system stability. It is also modulated by the molecular details and architecture of both the polymer and the surfactant. Different experimental methods allow investigation of the above systems and getting information on the nature of polymer-surfactant interactions (PSI). Surface adsorption and thermodynamic methods, together with investigation of the phase diagrams, give information on the forces controlling PSI and on the existence of different phases. Conductivity, QELS and viscosity allow estimating the size and shape of polymer-surfactant (protein-surfactant) complexes. Optical microscopy, cryo-TEM, AFM, NMR, fluorescence, and relaxation methods give more information on the above systems. Use of the above mixtures in controlling gelation, surface covering, preparing dielectric layers, and drug release is suggested.     

Study of complex mixtures of natural substances by the defocusing and dadi methods. VI. Components of the secretion of the pre-anal gland of some poisonous snakes

By mass-spectrometric methods, cholesterol and docosanoic, heneicosanoic, cicosanoic, octadecanoic, cis-octadec-9-enoic, heptadecanoic, hexadecanoic, and pentadecanoic acids have been identified in the odoriferous secretion of the pre-anal glands of the females and males of the common adder and the saw-scaled viper and in those of females of the common mamushi. It has been established that the chemical compositions of the secretions of these glands of the females of the adder, the viper, and the mamushi and of the males of the adder and of the viper are not identical.     

用ICP研究鹿科动物骨质疏松症的微量元素特征

鹿科动物的骨质疏松症是近几年出现的一种疾病，它影响鹿的生长发育和繁殖，病重者死亡。我们采集梅花鹿和白唇鹿的毛，血样，用低温灰化方法和温法消解处理样品，用ＩＣＰ分析了毛，血清中微量元素的含量。病梅花鹿毛样中Ｍｇ，Ａｌ，Ｃａ，Ｔｉ，Ｆｅ，Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ的含量比正常组高，Ｔｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ的偏差率大于１５％，而Ｓｉ，Ｍｎ，Ｐ，Ｐ，Ａｇ，Ｂａ，Ｌａ，Ｃｅ，Ｐｂ比正常组低，Ｖ，Ａｇ，Ｂａ，Ｌａ，Ｃｅ，Ｐｂ存在...     

Theoretical ONIOM2 study on pyridine adsorption in the channels and intersection of ZSM-5

The structures of the acid sites in the channels and intersections of H-, Li-, and Na-ZSM-5 (ZSM = zeolite socony mobil) and their interactions with pyridine molecule have been computed by using three corresponding models containing 22 tetrahedral sites. The calculated adsorption energies of pyridine in the intersection regions of H-, Li-, and Na-ZSM-5 are 197.0, 172.5, and 122.3 kJ/mol, respectively, in good agreement with the respective experimental values of 200 +/- 5, 155-195, and 120 kJ/mol, while those in the straight and sinusoidal channels are much smaller (157.9 and 127.6, 152.2 and 149.4, and 150.4 and 109.9 kJ/mol, respectively). These indicate that the most probable adsorption site for pyridine in ZSM-5 is the acidic site located in the intersection region. The structural parameters of the adsorption complexes show that the acidic proton in the three models of H-ZSM-5 has been transferred to the nitrogen of pyridine, while in alkali cation-exchanged ZSM-5, the coordination of the alkali cation to the nitrogen atom of pyridine dominates the overall interaction. In addition, the adsorption complexes were further stabilized by the long-range electrostatic interaction between the positively charged pyridine hydrogen atoms and the negatively charged lattice oxygen atoms of the zeolite framework. In the intersection regions of H-, Li-, and Na-ZSM-5, the coordination energy of the charge-compensating cation to the pyridine nitrogen amounts to 58, 60, and 68% of the total adsorption energy, respectively, while another 42, 40, and 32%, respectively, is due to long-range electrostatic interactions. This indicates that the zeolite lattice framework surrounding the adsorption site has important contributions to the adsorption energy of the pyridine molecule.     

自组装方法与三维光子晶体制作

光子晶体,特别是三维光子晶体,可能成为信息处理和通信等领域的新型功能材料.光子晶体的制作方法可分为"自上而下"的物理方法和"自下而上"的化学自组装方法.化学自组装方法是制作三维光子晶体最为经济有效的方法.本文在阐述自组装方法的种类、一般过程、优点和不足等内容的基础上,分别分析和总结了带有各种功能缺陷的三维光子晶体的制作,这些缺陷主要包括线缺陷、面缺陷和点缺陷.从研究中可以看出,化学自组装方法通常需要结合其他方法才能实现缺陷的嵌入.近些年,三维光子晶体制作在材料选取、结构设计和方法改进等方面都有一些最新进展,本文对此进行了较为详尽的评述,并对我们课题组的研究进行了总结.最后对光子晶体的研究和制作方向进行了展望.     

低温等离子体在锂离子电池材料中的应用

综合评述了低温等离子体技术的基本原理、 常用方法及其在锂离子电池材料领域中的研究进展, 重点评述了等离子体技术在锂离子电池正极、 负极、 隔膜及固态电解质等重要组分中的材料制备与表面改性方面的主要研究结果和应用优势, 并对其所面临的挑战和未来的应用方向进行了展望.     

纳米粒子的精准组装

纳米材料由于其独特的光、电、磁、力学等性质,成为了构建功能材料与器件的理想基元。实现纳米粒子的精确组装,是探究粒子之间的耦合聚集性质和制备宏观功能器件的基础。但是由于纳米粒子的小尺寸以及在溶液中运动的随机性与复杂性,精准控制纳米粒子组装体的形貌以及在空间中的相对位置仍存在巨大挑战。为了将纳米粒子组装成理想的有序结构,许多控制粒子组装的策略与方法得到发展。本文首先概述了纳米粒子自组装的控制方法与典型形貌,着重分析了影响粒子精准排布的因素与控制方法,并对纳米粒子及其组装体的光学性质与器件应用的最新研究进展进行了讨论,最后对目前纳米粒子精准组装所面临的挑战以及未来发展的方向进行了展望。     

科教融合视域下高分子材料专业综合实验教学探索与实践

基于科学技术的发展、时代的要求,教育改革势在必行,科教融合是发展的新趋势。《高分子材料综合实验》是高分子材料与工程专业的一门必修课,在学生从学校到工作岗位顺利过渡中起着重要的桥梁作用。科教融合在该门课的教学中显得尤为重要,能使学生综合能力、科学素养得到有效提升。以花生壳吸附剂的制备及其应用为例,介绍了科教融合的教学方法、实施步骤及教学成效,涉及理论知识、实践操作、数据处理、现代仪器使用、谱图解析、论文撰写等多门学科知识,实现了跨界知识体系的交叉融合。科教融合不仅提高学生的兴趣性、积极主动性、综合能力、创新能力、分析解决问题能力,还可提高学生的专业认同感、成就感、社会责任感,树立正确的环保意识,成为推进生态文明建设的中坚力量,有助培养成具有良好科学素养的新工科复合型创新人才。