电化学混合电容器用新型聚吡咯/介孔碳纳米复合电极

采用介孔碳CMK-3作为载体,通过化学原位聚合的方法制备出一种新型的聚吡咯/介孔碳(PPy-CMK-3)纳米复合材料.将该纳米复合材料作为正极,配以介孔碳CMK-3为负极和1.0mol·L-1NaNO3中性电解液,组装成为电化学混合电容器.电化学测试表明:在5.0mA·cm-2电流密度和1.4V充放电电位条件下,其放电比容量达57F·g-1,电容器功率密度为2.5×102W·kg-1,能量密度达17Wh·kg-1.当电流密度从5.0mA·cm-2增加至50mA·cm-2时,电容器的容量保持率在80%以上,显示高倍率充放电特性优异.此外,聚吡咯-介孔碳/介孔碳电化学混合电容器易活化,并具有优异的充放电效率和良好的循环稳定性能.     

MnO_2纳米粒子的制备及其超电容性质研究

本文采用化学共沉淀法制备了MnO_2。通过XRD、BET、SEM、TEM及HRTEM等表征手段研究MnO_2的形貌及结构,结果显示制备的MnO_2由纳米粒子组成,且具有较大的比表面积(124.7 m~2·g~(-1))。将制得的MnO_2应用于超级电容器时,电化学测试结果表明,在电流密度为0.3 A·g~(-1)时,MnO_2的比电容达到194.7 F·g-1,同时有着优秀的倍率特性。循环稳定性测试表明MnO_2在电流密度2 A·g~(-1)的条件下,恒流充放电(GCD)1000次后的电容保持率达到102.7%,显示了MnO_2具有优异的电化学性能。     

酰亚胺基锂电池有机聚合物负极材料的制备及电化学性能研究

设计合成了一系列聚酰亚胺基的共轭骨架材料用于锂电池负极.首先,选用具有不同共轭体系的二酐分子用作共聚物构建单元,随后通过亚胺化反应与三聚氰胺共缩聚.最后,通过进一步热处理提高材料的交联程度和稳定性.将该材料用于锂离子电池负极表现出稳定的电化学性能.聚合物的倍率性能测试结果表明:在150 mA·g~(-1)的电流密度下,循环150次后,放电比容量达到471 mAh·g~(-1)以上,在2 A·g~(-1)的较大电流密度下,放电比容量达122.1 mAh·g~(-1),当电流密度返回至100 mA·g~(-1)时,其放电比容量又上升至532.3 mAh·g~(-1)左右,材料具有较好的倍率性能,聚合物材料在充放电过程中,避免了有机小分子材料在与锂离子结合后,易溶于电解液造成的容量损失.同时,共聚物骨架的共轭结构单元和极性基团,可在保证材料的导电性的同时增加材料结合锂离子的能力,因此表现出了优异的倍率性能.     

Zn掺杂Co_9S_8纳米材料的制备及其在超级电容器和电催化析氢中的应用（英文）

采用原位溶剂热生长法设计合成了锌掺杂Co9S8纳米颗粒。各种表征技术和性能测试结果表明:锌掺杂Co9S8纳米颗粒的孔尺寸为18 nm,比表面积为23 m~2·g~(-1);同时微量的锌掺杂显著增强了Co9S8的电催化析氢(HER)活性及电容器性能。在HER性能测试中,当电流密度为10 mA·cm~(-2)时电位为-361 mV,电流密度最高可达38.26 mA·cm~(-2),且具有优异的循环稳定性。同时在电容器性能测试中具有较高的比电容,当电流密度为1 A·g~(-1)时,质量比电容和面积比电容分别为235.48 F·g~(-1)和812.4 mF·cm~(-2)。     

二氧化硅/木质素多孔碳复合材料的制备及作为锂离子电池负极材料的性能

将来源于造纸黑液中的碱木质素(AL)通过水热反应与纳米二氧化硅(SiO_2)复合,制备了二氧化硅/季铵化碱木质素复合物(SiO_2/QAL),再经过碳化和酸洗后得到二氧化硅/木质素多孔碳复合材料(SiO_2/PLC).形貌与结构表征结果表明,SiO_2/PLC的比表面积达到1069 m~2/g,具有平均孔径约20 nm的介孔结构.二氧化硅纳米颗粒均匀分散在三维网络结构的木质素多孔碳内部.电化学性能测试结果表明,SiO_2/PLC作为锂离子电池负极材料具有良好的倍率性能和循环性能,在100 mA/g电流密度下经过100周循环后放电比容量为820 mA·h/g,在5 A/g大电流密度下嵌锂容量达到235 mA·h/g.     

高功率超级电容器用介孔炭电极材料

以纳米CaCO3为模板、蔗糖为前躯体制备超级电容器用介孔炭电极材料.材料的结构由氮吸附、TEM表征,借助恒流充放电、循环伏安和交流阻抗评价了其在6 mol.L-1KOH电解液中的电化学电容性能.结果表明,蔗糖基介孔炭的比表面积606 m2/g,富含10~30 nm的介孔.恒流放电法测得介孔炭在电流密度50 mA/g下的比电容为125 F/g,大电流倍率性能特别突出.电流密度增大到20 000 mA/g,比电容还保持有88F/g,远高于进口电容炭,该介孔炭是一种很有前景的高功率超级电容器炭电极材料.     

木质素纳米炭的制备及作为锂离子电池负极的性能研究

采用生物炼制工业中残渣提取的酶解木质素与乙酸锌在碱性条件下水热复合, 制备出低分子量木质素/氧化锌复合物(LWL/ZnO), 再通过碳化和酸洗后得木质素纳米炭材料(NLC). 通过对其形貌结构进行表征后发现, NLC呈粒径小于50 nm的纳米颗粒结构, 比表面积为833.25 m²/g, 介孔率高达58.07%, 其中孔径约10 nm的介孔发达. 电化学性能测试结果表明, NLC作为锂离子电池负极材料具有良好的循环性能和倍率性能, 在200 mA/g的电流密度下循环200次后仍能保持705 mA·h/g的可逆比容量.     

钙钛矿La1-xSrxCoO3的电化学电容性能

以溶胶-凝胶法制备La1-xSrxCoO3(x=0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8)电极材料,XRD表征证明所得产物属钙钛矿相.由循环伏安和充放电曲线测试了La1-xSrxCoO3在碱性介质中的电化学电容性能.结果表明,La0.6Sr0.4CoO3电极10 mA.cm-2电流密度的放电比电容为325 F.g-1,500周期循环后其比电容仍保持于315 F.g-1,比电容保持率97.0%.     

壳聚糖制备多孔炭及其在电化学超级电容器中的应用(英文)

以壳聚糖为原料在 600、700、800和900℃直接炭化制备多孔炭 C-600,C-700, C-800 和C-900,其BET比表面积分别为278、461、515和625 m2·g-1.用恒流充放电和循环伏安法表征了其电化学性能. 结果表明, 由 C-800 制备电极的循环伏安图形更接近矩形, 在恒电流充放电实验中阴极和阳极过程基本对称, 说明该电极具有较好的电容性能.在 50 mA·g-1 的电流密度下,C-600、C-700、C-800和C-900的电容分别为96、120、154 和 28 F·g-1.由 C-800 制备电极的循环充放电稳定性好, 电流密度为1 A·g-1循环1000次后电容损失小于2%,说明壳聚糖制备多孔碳具有作为超级电容器电极材料的潜在价值. 同时还考察了不同浓度的电解液对C-800电化学性质的影响,发现在KOH浓度为 30%时的电容最大.依据实验结果,对多孔炭制备及其电化学性质间的关系进行了探讨.     

多孔Ni、Ni-Mo合金及其氧化物的制备与析氢性能

采用快速凝固结合脱合金化的方法制备了纳米多孔Ni、Ni-Mo合金及其氧化物电极材料,通过XRD、SEM、TEM、BET等对电极的物相、形貌结构、孔径分布进行表征,通过线性扫描伏安法、Tafel斜率和计时电位等方法测试多孔电极的电催化析氢性能。结果显示,制备的电极材料在10 mA·cm-2电流密度下Ni-Mo合金析氢活性最强,析氢过程由Volmer-Heyrovsky步骤控制,其表观交换电流密度为0.25 mA·cm-2,经10 000 s恒电流密度(100 mA·cm-2)电解后析氢过电位(η)仅增加39 mV,表现出优良的析氢稳定性。Ni-Mo合金电极比表面积的提高和本征催化活性的改善使其获得了更低的析氢过电位。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.