离子色谱法同时测定饮水中9种阴离子

建立离子色谱抑制电导检测法同时测定饮水中F^-、Cl O₂^-、Cl^-、NO₂^-、Cl O₃^-、Br^-、NO₃^-、H₂PO₄^-和SO₄^2-9种阴离子的方法。采用SH-AP-2型阴离子交换柱为分离柱，以4.0 mmol/L Na₂CO₃-4.0 mmol/L Na HCO₃溶液为淋洗液，流量为0.80 m L/min，采用等度洗脱方式将9种阴离子完全分离，利用抑制电导检测。Cl O₂^-、Cl O₃^-的质量浓度在0.05～2.0 mg/L范围内，SO₄^2-     

在TiO2上CO的光催化氧化

最近在“氧化的”TiO₂(即表面无氧空位和Ti³⁺)上进行的CO光催化氧化研究发现:室温下,以黑光灯(峰值λ=365nm)光照时,“氧化的”TiO₂无CO催化氧化的活性,但以杀菌灯(峰值λ=253.7nm)光照时,则对CO产生显著的催化活性.参照CO在过渡金属表面的催化氧化机理,对本现象进行了解释:黑光灯照时,O₂在TiO₂表面只生成O_2(a)^-,而O_2(a)^-不能使CO氧化,只有以杀菌灯照时,TiO₂表面产生O_(a)^-,CO氧化反应才能发生.     

稀土元素的电分析化学研究——Ⅳ.镱-硝酸根(或亚硝酸根)-氯化铵中的极谱催化波

多价阳离子与NO₃^-或NO₂^-作用产生的灵敏的催化电流可用于微量金属离子或NO₃^-,NO₂^-的极谱测定,但对产生催化电流的机理并不十分清楚,本文讨论了Yb³⁺-NO₃^-(或NO₂^-)-NH₄Cl体系,证明有两种不同性质的电流同时存在.当[Yb³⁺]远小于[NO₃^-]或[NO₂^-]时,以平行催化电流为主;而当[Yb³⁺]远大于[NO₃^-]或[NO₂^-]时则以NO₃^-或NO₂^-的催化电还原电流为主要成分. 本文改进了原来提出的一些实验条件,使镱在直流极谱上的测定下限达5×10^-8M.     

光照法研究超氧化物歧化酶及其模型化合物与超氧离子的反应动力学

用改进的光照法研究了超氧化物歧化酶及其模型化合物μ-桥基·二(2,6-二乙酰基吡啶)缩二丙二胺合铜(Ⅱ)(桥基为SCN^-,N₃^-,I^-,Br^-,Cl^-,OH^-)与超氧离子的反应动力学,测定了反应速率常数k_Q,结果表明,超氧化物歧化酶的k_Q与脉冲辐解法及黄嘌呤氧化酶法的结果一致。6种配合物中,Cu₂L(SCN)(ClO₄)₃的k_Q最大,Cu₂L(N₃)(ClO₄)₃的最小,并讨论了真k_Q不同的原因。     

利用ESR技术研究α-蒎烯,β-蒎烯光敏氧化反应机理

本文主要利用电子顺磁共振(ESR)自旋捕获技术研究9,10 二氰基蒽(DCA)敏化α-蒎烯(αP),β-蒎烯(βP)光氧化反应.提供了在乙腈中α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯的光氧化反应过程中存在超氧负离子基(O₂^-)和单重态氧(¹O₂)的直接证据;在四氯化碳溶剂中只捕获到¹O₂;在正己烷中没有捕获到O₂^-或¹O₂.ESR实验结果进一步证明在乙腈中光敏氧化反应的¹O₂可能来自O₂^-和反应底物α、β-蒎烯正离子自由基之间的电荷复合(CR).     

铬(Ⅵ)-邻菲咯啉-亚硝酸钠的氨性缓冲体系中极谱催化波机理的研究

本文报道了Cr(Ⅵ)-C₁₂H₈N₂-NaNO₂^-NH₃-NH₄Cl(pH9.4)体系极谱催化波机制的研究.阐明它不是氢催化波.而是Cr(Ⅲ)的多元配合物中NO₂^-被催化还原,同时溶液中的NO₂^-又参与了平行电极反应的催化反应.活性多元配合物的组成为:Cr(Ⅲ)·(C₁₂H₈N₂)·(NO₂^-)₂·(NH₃).     

多反应离子的质子转移反应质谱

在无放射性辉光放电离子源内, 采用不同试剂气体进行放电, 为质子转移反应质谱(PTR-MS)新增了强度在10⁵ cps量级的3种反应离子NH₄⁺, NO⁺和O₂⁺, 纯度大于95%; 测试了这3种反应离子的离子-分子反应特征. 采用H₃O⁺, NH₄⁺, NO⁺和O₂⁺等4种反应离子对同分异构体丙醛/丙酮进行检测发现, H₃O⁺和NH₄⁺均不能区分的丙醛/丙酮可采用NO⁺或O₂⁺进行区分. 结果表明, 增加反应离子不仅使PTR-MS的可检测有机物范围不再局限于质子亲和势(PA)大于H₂O的有机物, 还提高了PTR-MS区分同分异构体的能力.     

离子液体对木瓜蛋白酶催化特性的影响

研究了以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、四乙基铵及N-乙基吡啶为阳离子, 配以多种阴离子(H₂PO₄^-, ClO₄^-, HSO₄^-, CH₃COO^-, Cl^-, Br^-, NO₃^-, SCN^-, BF₄^-, PF₆^-)的离子液体对木瓜蛋白酶催化N-苯甲酰-L-精氨酸乙酯(BAEE)水解的活性及热稳定性的影响. 通过分析含离子液体体系中木瓜蛋白酶的水解活性和热力学失活参数, 发现该酶活性及稳定性与离子液体的Kosmotropicity性质无关. 因此, 离子的Hofmeister效应并不适合解释离子液体对木瓜蛋白酶催化特性的影响规律. 当以BF₄^-为阴离子, 改变阳离子结构时, 仅[BMIm][BF₄]可提高酶活性, 其它含官能团的咪唑类离子液体则降低酶活性, 但大部分离子液体明显提高木瓜蛋白酶的热稳定性. 在所研究的离子液体中, 基于PF₆^-或BF₄^-阴离子的离子液体可提高木瓜蛋白酶的活性及其热稳定性. 在含[BMIm][PF₆]介质中, 木瓜蛋白酶的水解活性最高; 在含[HOEtMIm][BF₄]介质中其热稳定性最好.     

Ag和Pd及其离子对TiO2光催化分解CH3CHO的影响

当用能量大于其禁带宽度的光照射通有氧气的TiO₂悬浮液时,在TiO₂微粒表面会产生反应活性很高的空穴和O₂^-、H₂O₂等多种活性氧.在上一篇文章中^[1]我们已报道了在通氧气和紫外光照的条件下,向TiO₂悬浮液中加入少量Ag⁺或Pd²⁺,将会大幅度提高体系中H₂O₂的生成量.另外,蔡汝雄等人也曾通过向TiO₂悬浮液中加入SOD的方法来提高其中H₂O₂的生成量^[2],而且证明了H₂O₂生成量的增多有助于杀死子宫癌细胞^[3].另一方面,利用TiO₂光催化来分解处理工业废水中的有机物已多见报道^[4～7].因此,为考察H₂O₂含量的增加是否有助于TiO₂催化分解有机物,我们以CH₃CHO为氧化对象,测定了经Ag和Pd表面修饰以及直接向悬浮体系添加Ag⁺或Pd²⁺离子前后,TiO₂光催化氧化分解CH₃CHO效率的变化,并对氮气和氧气气氛的实验结果进行了测定和比较.     

二十员六氮大环双核铜（Ⅱ）配合物与超氧离子的反应

合成了以2,6-二乙酰基吡啶缩丙二胺为配体,以OH~-、Cl~-、Br~-、I~-、SCN~-及N_3~-为桥基的6种大环双核铜配合物,用光照法研究了这类配合物催化O_2~-的歧化反应的活性,通过顺磁共振波谱,探讨了各种桥基的配合物与O_2~-反应的两种反应机理:催化歧化机理及氧化还原机理。     

超氧化物歧化酶化学模拟的新进展

超氧化物歧化酶在生物体内特异性地催化超氧离子自由基（O2˙ˉ）的歧化反应, 具有抗氧化、抗癌症、抗炎症等重要生理学作用。近年来,超氧化物歧化酶的化学模拟倍受关注并引发人们极广泛的研究兴趣。本文系统综述了超氧化物歧化酶模拟物在设计合成及应用上的新近研究进展。     

表面活性剂形成的微环境对SOD和水杨酸铜配合物 SOD样活性的影响

合成水杨酸铜配合物,用X射线衍射测定了它的结构,并用改进的NBT法研究了它和SOD在pH=7.8磷酸缓冲液、表面活性剂CTAB、TX-100形成效团、层状液晶中的SOD样活性。结果表明,在不同微环境中SOD和水杨酸铜配合物的SOD样活性顺序是：在pH=7.8磷酸缓冲液中＞在CTAB胶团中＞在CTAB层状液晶中;在TX-100有序组合体中＞在CTAB有序组合体中。加入少量三氯化镨(PrCl3)也能抑制NBT的还原。而且,PrCr3对NBT的抑制作用与Cu(Ⅱ)配合物的抑制作用是叠加的。     

Cu, Zn Superoxide dismutase: distorted active site binds substrate without significant energetic cost

Copper, Zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) catalyzes the dismutation of the toxic superoxide radical into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Dismutation is achieved by reduction and re-oxidation of the active site copper ion, where the superoxide substrate binds. This enzyme is considered to be a perfect enzyme, as the catalytic rate is very high and diffusion controlled. The redox active copper ion is coordinated by four histidine residues in a distorted square planar geometry. Much has been written about the biological significance of the geometry distortion. It is sometimes considered that it should help to tune the redox potential of the copper ion in order to efficiently reduce the first superoxide molecule and oxidize the second one. In this work we present a series of high level theoretical calculations using realistic models, which demonstrate that the distorted geometry is fundamental for the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme by allowing substrate binding without extensive geometric reorganization of the copper complex, upon changing from four to five ligands. A lower limit for the reorganization energy is calculated here in 22 kcal/mol, which would slow down the reaction kinetics by more than 13 orders of magnitude, transforming a perfect enzyme into an inefficient one.     

Pulse radiolysis investigation on the mechanism of the catalytic action of Mn(II)-pentaazamacrocycle compounds as superoxide dismutase mimetics

The mechanism for the catalytic dismutation of superoxide by the Mn(II) pentaazamacrocyclic compound M40403 ([manganese(II) dichloro-(4 R,9 R,14 R,19 R)-3,10,13,20,26 pentaazatetracyclo [20.3.1.0 (4,9).0 (14,9)] hexacosa-1(26),-22(23),24-triene], SODm1) and two 2,21-dimethyl analogues has been investigated using pulse radiolysis. The initial rate of reaction between superoxide and the manganese compounds was found to be dependent on structure and pH, with the resulting transient adducts possessing spectral characteristics of the metal center being oxidized to Mn(III). Values for the p K a of the transient adducts (p K a = 5.65 +/- 0.05; 5.3 +/- 0.1 and <5 for SODm1, SODm2 and SODm3, respectively) were obtained from spectrophotometric and conductivity measurements. Reaction of these transient adducts with further superoxide was highly structure dependent with the 2 S,21 S-dimethyl derivative (SODm2) being highly catalytically active at pH 7.4 ( k cat = 2.35 x 10 (8) M (-1) s (-1)) compared to SODm1 ( k cat = 3.55 x 10 (6) M (-1) s (-1)). In contrast the 2 R,21 R-dimethyl derivative (SODm3) showed no dismutation catalysis at all. The reaction rates of the initial complexes with HO 2 (*) were significantly lower than with O 2 (*-), and it is proposed that O 2 (*-) is the main reactant in the catalytic cycle at pH 7.4. Variable temperature studies revealed major differences in the thermodynamics of the catalytic cycles involving SODm2 or SODm1. In the case of SODm2, the observed high entropic contribution to the activation energy is indicative of ligand conformational changes during the catalytic step. These results have provided the basis for a new mechanism for the catalytic dismutation of superoxide by Mn(II)-pentaazamacrocycle SOD mimetics.     

Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Copper(II) Complexes containing Tris‐(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) Units

The structural analysis and the SOD‐like activity of Cu^II complexes [(Cu)(C₁₆H₁₈N₃O₅)]ClO₄ ( 1 ) and [(Cu)₄(C₃₆H₅₂N₈O₁₂)] ( 2 ) are described with ligands obtained from the condensation of picolinaldehyde and 2‐formylpyrrole with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS). Finally, complex 1 catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide efficiently with IC₅₀ values in the range of 0.43 micromolar solution, evaluated through the inhibition of the photoreduction of nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) (superoxide dismutase assay).     

氢化可的松催化超氧阴离子歧化及反应动力学

在0.1mol·L^-1NaHCO3介质中,用伏安法研究了超氧阴离子O2^.-与糖皮质类甾体氢化可的松的化学反应。实验表明,氢化可的松清除O2^.-的化学作用机制为氢化可的松催化O2^.-的歧化反应,氢化可的松是O2^.-的清除剂。氢化可的松催化O2^.-歧化反应的速率对O2^.-为零级表观反应,对氢化可的松则为二级表观反应,求得20℃时氢化可的松催化O2^.-歧化反应表观速率常数k为8.76×10^5L·mol^-1·s^-1。本结果为医学组织研究结果提供了新的实验证据。在抗炎作用方面,氢化可的松除抑制磷脂酶A2的活性从而间接阻止O2^.-的产生外,还能直接化学清除产生的O2^.-,认为氢化可的松的抗炎作用应是这种生物和化学的综合作用结果。     

Effect of Surfactant Microenvironment on SOD-like Activity of Cu(II)-Salicylate Complex

Cu(II)-salicylate was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The reaction mechanism of the Cu(II) complex with superoxide anion was studied by ESR spectroscopy, and its (superoxide dismutase) SOD-like activity was determined by a modified illumination method in phosphate buffer (pH = 7.8), micelle solutions and lamellar liquid crystals formed from surfactants CTAB and TX-100. X-ray diffraction indicated that the Cu(II) complex had a formula Cu₂(Hsal)₄EtOHH₂O and a similar structure to the SOD active site. EPR spectra proved that the reaction mechanism of the Cu(II) complex catalyzing O ₂ ^.- dismutation was the same as that of the proposed dismutation reaction catalyzed by SOD. Results obtained by the NBT method indicated that the Cu(II)-complex showed SOD-like activity, and the effect of microenvironment created by surfactants on its activity was same as on SOD activity. The order of the inhibition of NBT reduction by the Cu(II)-complex in different microenvironments was: in phosphate buffer (pH = 7.8) > in TX-100 micelle > in TX-100 liquid crystal, and in nonionic TX-100 organized assemblies > in cationic CTAB organized assemblies. These results were explained by the catalytic effect of micelles, and by the space restriction and high viscosity of organized assemblies of surfactants.     

High Enzyme Activity of a Binuclear Nickel Complex Formed with the Binding Loops of the NiSOD Enzyme**

Detailed equilibrium, spectroscopic and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity studies are reported on a nickel complex formed with a new metallopeptide bearing two nickel binding loops of NiSOD. The metallopeptide exhibits unique nickel binding ability and the binuclear complex is a major species with 2×(NH₂,N_amide,S⁻,S⁻) donor set even in an equimolar solution of the metal ion and the ligand. Nickel(III) species were generated by oxidizing the Ni^II complexes with KO₂ and the coordination modes were identified by EPR spectroscopy. The binuclear complex formed with the binding motifs exhibits superior SOD activity, in this respect it is an excellent model of the native NiSOD enzyme. A detailed kinetic model is postulated that incorporates spontaneous decomposition of the superoxide ion, the dismutation cycle and fast redox degradation of the binuclear complex. The latter process leads to the elimination of the SOD activity. A unique feature of this system is that the Ni^III form of the catalyst rapidly accumulates in the dismutation cycle and simultaneously the Ni^II form becomes a minor species.     

(salen)MnIII compounds as nonpeptidyl mimics of catalase. Mechanism-based tuning of catalase activity: a theoretical study

We present the results of the first theoretical investigation of salen-manganese complexes as synthetic catalytic scavengers of hydrogen peroxide molecules that mimic catalase enzymes. Catalase mimics can be used as therapeutic agents against oxidative stress in treatment of many diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, stroke, heart disease, aging, and cancer. A ping-pong mechanism approach has been considered to describe the H2O2 dismutation reaction. The real compounds reacting with a peroxide molecule were utilized in our BP density functional calculations to avoid uncertainties connected with using incomplete models. Part I of the dismutation reaction-converting a peroxide molecule into a water molecule with simultaneous oxidation of the metal atom of the catalyst-can be done quite effectively at the Mn catalytic center. To act as catalytic scavengers of hydrogen peroxide, the oxomanganese salen complexes have to be deoxidized during part II of the dismutation reaction. It has been shown that there are two possible reaction routes for the second part of the dismutation reaction: the top and the side substrate approach routes. Our results suggest that the catalyst could be at least temporarily deactivated (poisoned) in the side approach reaction route due to the formation of a kinetically stable intermediate. Overall, the side approach reaction route for the catalyst recovery is the bottleneck for the whole dismutation process. On the basis of the detailed knowledge of the mode of action of the (salen)MnIII catalase mimics, we suggest and rationalize structural changes of the catalyst that should lead to better therapeutic properties. The available experimental data support our conclusions. Our findings on the reaction dismutation mechanism could be the starting point for further improvement of salen-manganese complexes as synthetic catalytic scavengers of reactive oxygen species.