亚氯酸盐-硫代硫酸盐非缓冲体系的动力学

研究了亚氯酸盐-硫代硫酸盐反应体系在非缓冲条件下的复杂动力学行为.结果发现,在开放体系中反应的pH值和Pt电位存在准周期振荡分叉和混合模式振荡分叉通向混沌的过程，且pH峰与Pt电位峰反相位.当与起始浓度比相对较小时，随着流速的逐渐升高，体系的pH值和Pt电位从简单的小振幅振荡(S)经过准周期振荡分叉到混沌，最后回到简单大振幅振荡(L)；而当与起始浓度比相对较高时，随着流速的降低，体系的pH值和Pt电位出现LS1、LS2、LS3…LSn的混合模式振荡,并在每对(LSn、LSn＋1)振荡区间发现了LSn、LSn＋1随机出现的非周期振荡行为.运用硫价态变化的一般动力学模型，模拟出了反应体系的混合模式振荡及非周期振荡.     

CSTR中Ferroin催化BZ反应中的倍周期振荡和混沌

Ferroin催化的BZ反应是化学时空斑图研究中最常用的反应体系, 研究该体系时发现了简单倍周期、混合模式倍周期振荡、混沌以及低流速下溴离子选择电极的混合模式振荡, 并用Györgyi和Field两环偶合的BZ反应模型进行数值模拟解释. 该研究为用于光学测定的时空斑图研究提供了从简单振荡到各种复杂振荡的反应介质, 也表明BZ反应复杂振荡与混沌研究可扩展到不同催化剂催化的溴酸盐驱动的非线性反应体系.     

间二苯酚-KBrO3-H2SO4体系化学振荡的研究

用电位法研究了间苯二酚-KBrO_3-H_2SO_4(体系A)及间苯二酚-KBrO_3-H_2SO_4-MnSO_4(体系B)的化学振荡现象. 得出了两振荡体系的诱导期及振荡周期与反应物起始浓度及温度关系的经验方程.间苯二酚在诱导期结束时全被氧化, 它不是参与振荡的物质. 体系B在低Mn~(2+)浓度下可呈现双振荡现象, 即第一类振荡结束后, 经一段非振荡时间再产生第二类振荡. 两类振荡的特征不同. 第一类振荡与体系A的振荡行为基本相似. 第二类振荡的各个周期随c_M 减小而缩短,最后趋于相同; 随c_K、c_H增大而减小, 最后各自趋于一致. 但周期与c_R基本无关. 第二类振荡出现周期双单调变化现象, 它补充与支持了文献[1]中的提法. 当Mn~(2+)浓度增高到一定程度后, 双振荡现象消失, 仅产生一种振荡. 体系B是产生双振荡现象的典型事例之一.     

过氧化氢氧化硫化钠反应体系的复杂振荡

研究了过氧化氢和硫化钠反应体系在连续流动搅拌反应器中的复杂振荡行为. 观察到11型振荡、12型振荡、非周期振荡以及衰减振荡; 在振荡周期内, 拐点附近区域H+扰动产生的延迟与振荡相位pH有关. 在完全基于硫价态变化的经验速率方程模型的基础上进行数值模拟, 得到的各种复杂振荡行为与实验现象基本一致, 证明了硫价态变化可驱动复杂非线性动力学行为.     

CuSO4-KSCN-H2O2-NaOH反应体系双节律的周期调制

研究了ＣｕＳＯ４－ＫＳＣＮ－Ｈ２Ｏ２－ＮａＯＨ反应体系,新发现了两种双节律现象。继而以流速作为扰动参数,对双节律Ⅱ中两个不同振荡态的不同流速点进行了周期调制,发现在临界区（接近实现ＯＳＳ１→ＯＳＳ２或ＯＳＳ２→ＯＳＳ１的流速点）只能实现单向跃迁;在ＯＳＳ１态的ｋｆ＾０＝４．０ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ和ＯＳＳ２态的ｄｆ＾０＝３．０ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ,能实现在两振荡态间的双向跃迁,而且ＯＳＳ２态比ＯＳＳ１态稳定。     

周期扰动位相对化学振荡的调制效应

由Rossler反应系统的理论模型出发,构造一种具有外部周期扰动的新动力学系统,并采用逆算符法和数值分析法研究该系统的振荡态在周期扰动调制下的动力学行为.结果表明,在周期扰动的调制下,系统的状态由单周期振荡态(1p)变为周期2(2p)、周期4(4p)等多周期振荡态以及混沌态.扰动位相是系统呈现上述多种演化模式的控制参数,在扰动位相不同的数值区间,系统呈现的演化模式不同,而且扰动位相数值的微小改变,还影响每种演化模式的内部结构.     

硫脲氧化的非线性动力学研究——H2O2—SC（NH2）2—Cu^2＋反应体系

研究了Ｈ２Ｏ２－ＳＣ（ＮＨ２）２－Ｃｕ＾２＋－Ｈ＾＋反应体系在封闭条件下以及在ＣＳＴＲ中的振荡行为，体系在封闭条件下出现单峰振荡行为，其振幅和诱导期与反应温度，（Ｈ２Ｏ２），（ＳＣ（ＮＨ２）２）等有关，在ＣＳＴＲ中体系的Ｐｔ电极电位，铜离子选择性电极电位以及ｐＨ值均显著稳定的周期性振荡，考察期振荡过程的流速序列，发现在低流速下的出现周期性复杂振荡，体系没有双稳态出现。     

非线性化学反应与质量作用定律: BZ-CSTR反应体系的 周期调制

以流速为扰动参数,对连续搅拌釜式反应器(CSTR)中的Belousov-Zhabotinsky(BZ)反应体系进行周期扰动,改变扰动周期或扰动强度,在某些条件下,本征振荡可以扰动控制为另一类周期振荡形式,以BZ反应的四变量Montanator模型为基础,对相应流速区域的分叉图进行了周期扰动,计算结果与实验基本定性一致,表明对本体系而言,在分叉点附近质量作用定律依然具有一定的适用性。     

硫脲氧化的非线性动力学研究──H_2O_2－SC（NH_2）_2－Cu~（2＋）

研究了Ｈ_２Ｏ_２－ＳＣ（ＮＨ_２）_２－Ｃｕ~（２＋）－Ｈ~＋反应体系在封闭条件下以及在ＣＳＴＲ中的振荡行为。体系在封闭条件下出现单峰振荡行为，其振幅和诱导期与反应温度、［Ｈ_２Ｏ_２］、［ＳＣ（ＮＨ_２）_２］等有关，在ＣＳＴＲ中体系的Ｐｔ电极电位、铜离子选择性电极电位以及ｐＨ值均显示稳定的周期性振荡；考察其振荡过程的流速序列，发现在低流速下出现周期性复杂振荡，体系没有双稳态出现。     

阳极溶解电化学振荡体系中白噪声诱导随机共振的模拟

通过对电化学阳极溶解振荡模型加白噪声后引发的随机共振现象的模拟研究发现,在该体系的周期二振荡态时呈现显性内信号随机共振现象。当白噪声加在该电化学体系的周期二振荡态时,内信号的信噪比随着噪声的增大达到了最大值。同样噪声强度情况下,强信号的信噪比增加比弱信号的增加更加迅速。如果同时改变噪声强度,体系的信号频率也维持不变。研究表明,噪声对内信号的优化具有选择性,而体系的内信号也具有抵抗噪声和维持内在机制不变的性质。     

THE PARAMETER KERNELS FOR THE LINEAR INVERSION OF THE FREE OSCILLATION OF THE EARTH (Ⅱ)

This is the second instalment of the paper, in which the method of derivation of the for-mulas of parameter kernels for the spheroidal oscillations are considered. The principle ofRayleigh is used to derive the formulas of the kernels of the two elastic parameters, i.e. μand λ. But for that of ρ, it is found very difficult to get satisfactory results. A new butsimpler approach is followed and very satisfactory results are obtained.     

Dynamics of p53 and Wnt cross talk

We present the mechanism of interaction of Wnt network module, which is responsible for periodic somitogenesis, with p53 regulatory network, which is one of the main regulators of various cellular functions, and switching of various oscillating states by investigating p53–Wnt model. The variation in Nutlin concentration in p53 regulating network drives the Wnt network module to different states, stabilized, damped and sustain oscillation states, and even to cycle arrest. Similarly, the change in Axin2 concentration in Wnt could able to modulate the p53 dynamics at these states. We then solve the set of coupled ordinary differential equations of the model using quasi steady state approximation. We, further, demonstrate the change of p53 and GSK3 interaction rate, due to hypothetical catalytic reaction or external stimuli, can able to regulate the dynamics of the two network modules, and even can control their dynamics to protect the system from cycle arrest (apoptosis).     

Chemical Oscillations

Under constant external conditions, chemical reactions may also proceed in a rhythmic manner. The kinetic mechanisms responsible for such oscillations prove to be unexpectedly complicated. It can nevertheless be demonstrated that chemical periodicity is caused by certain kinds of coupling between simultaneous reactions or transport processes. A general survey of the chemistry and phenomenology of the principal chemical oscillations is followed by a discussion of the situations leading to periodic reactions on the basis of the multivariable kinetics of feedback systems. Autocatalysis and autoinhibition play an important role, as also do kinetic instability and spatial propagation.     

Radical-controlled Oscillations in BrO3^——fructose-Mn^2＋-H2SO4 System

Sustained oscillations were observed in the BrO3^--fructose-Mn^2 -H2SO4 system. Unlike the classical BZ oscillations, the present oscillations might be considered as radicalcontrolled rather than bromide-controlled since no substance subjected to bromination was present. Addition of acetone induced dual-frequency oscillations comprised of both the radical-controlled and the bromide-controlled oscillations.     

THE PARAMETER KERNELS FOR THE LINEAR INVERSION OF THE FREE OSCILLATION OF THE EARTH (Ⅰ)

In the linear inversion of the radial variation of the parameters of the Earth by usingthe observed frequencies of various normal modes of free oscillation of the earth, it is neces-sary to know the values of the kernels of the parameters ρ, μ and λ. This paper describesthe methods of the derivation of the formulas of these kernels. This is the first part of thepaper in which only the toroidal oscillations are considered. They are much simpler thanthose of the spheroidal ones, that we will consider in the second part of the paper. The data of the two types of oscillations are equally important in the solution of theinversion problem, and should be employed simultaneously, and we know that the toroidaloscillations are much simpler than the spheroidal ones, it seems wise to divide the whole programof the inversion problem into steps: first, by employing the toroidal data to correct the twoparameters ρ and μ in the mantle, then by using the spheroidal data to correct the remain-ing parameters, i.e. th     

Analysis of Spontaneous Electrochemical Oscillations by the Wavelet Transformation Method

A new way of analyzing current oscillations that accompany anodic metal dissolution is presented. A wavelet transformation is used for separation and spectral analysis of singular courses—elementary components of electrochemical oscillation recordings. A method of obtaining oscillation energy distribution analogous to the spectral power density function is presented. It is shown that the chaotic component (Shil'nikov chaos) can be separated from the deterministic component of the described process.     

丝氨酸-BrO^-~3-Mn^2^+-H2SO4体系振荡反应的研究

首次报道了间歇釜中以丝氨酸(Ser)-BrO^-~3-Mn^2^+-H2SO4为体系(简称Ser-BZ体系)的新型BZ类振荡反应,其特征如下：(1)虽然Ser不能发生溴代反应,但即使在无丙酮或惰性气体流时也能在间歇釜中观察到持续振荡;(2)振荡诱导期极短(～0),振荡次数较少(<11次);(3)振荡反应受到Cl^-,Br^-,丙烯腈等的抑制;但当加入足够量Ag^+使[Br^-]的振荡抑制后,仍可在Pt电极上观察到振荡现象。根据上述特征和反应产物分析,推测Ser-BZ振荡反应可能是自由基-控制模型,而非Br^--控制模型。加入适量丙酮可诱导连续振荡反应,归因于两种控制模型的共存。通过对Mn^3^+-Ser和BrO^-~3-Mn^2^+反应的动力学研究,并结合FKN机理,对Ser-BZ振荡反应机理进行了初步讨论。     

Current oscillations during the electrochemical oxidation of sulfide in the presence of an external resistor

The electrochemical oxidation of sulfide on a polycrystalline platinum electrode was studied under potentiostatic condition when an external resistor is in series with the working electrode. Only two os- cillatory regions can be obtained in the absence of the external resistance, but four oscillatory regions, including two new current oscillations, were found in this system by controlling the external resistance. It is demonstrated that three oscillatory regimes, which arise on the positive branch of current-potential curve, can be classified as HN-NDR (Hidden N-shaped Negative Differential Resistance) oscillators. For the first oscillatory region, various transient complex phenomena, which result from the change of the electrode/electrolyte interface by accumulation of adsorbed element sulfur on the electrode, have been observed. The dynamic behavior of NDR (Negative Differential Resistance) oscillations, appearing along with negative branch of polarization curve, can transform from oscillations into bistability with a sufficient large external resistance in series. Two oscillatory regions in high-potential region classified as HN-NDR type oscillations are separated by a saddle-loop bifurcation. They displayed a sequence of bursting oscillations and irregular oscillations, respectively. The electrochemical oxidation of sulfide provides a model system for studying complex dynamics and possible application in sulfur removal.     

Marangoni效应与液膜振荡*

本文系统地总结了Marangoni效应的形成、发展及其与液膜振荡现象的关系,用Marangoni效应定量分析讨论了3种不同的液膜振荡体系,给出了有关数学公式,并与液膜振荡的化学本质学说作了对比。