Phase transformations in an annealed Cu–9Al–10Mn–3Gd alloy

The phase transformations in the Cu–9Al–10Mn–3Gd alloy were studied using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction patterns, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy and magnetic moment change with applied field and temperature. The results showed that the effects produced by the Mn atoms are dominant on those attributed to the Gd atoms in the annealed Cu–9Al–10Mn–3Gd alloy. For quaternary alloy the results also indicated that the Gd stabilizes a fraction of the paramagnetic β₃ phase at lower temperatures and suppresses its paramagnetic–ferromagnetic ordering; in addition, it increases the Curie temperature of the Cu–9Al–10Mn alloy.     

Electrochemical reactivity of Li–Mn–O and Li–Fe–Mn–O spinels

Electrochemical reductive dissolution of Li–Mn–O and Li–Fe–Mn–O spinels and Li⁺ extraction/insertion in these oxides were performed using voltammetry of microparticles. Both electrochemical reactions are sensitive to the Fe/(Fe+Mn) ratio, specific surface area, Li content in tetrahedral positions, and Mn valence, and can be used for electrochemical analysis of the homogeneity of the elemental and phase composition of synthetic samples. The peak potential (E _P) of the reductive dissolution of the Li–Mn–O spinel is directly proportional to the logarithm of the specific surface area. E _P of Li–Fe–Mn–O spinels is mainly controlled by the Fe/(Fe+Mn) ratio. Li⁺ insertion/extraction can be performed with Mn-rich Li–Fe–Mn–O spinels in aqueous solution under an ambient atmosphere and it is sensitive to the regularity of the spinel structure, in particularly to the amount of Li in tetrahedral positions and the Mn valence. Electronic Publication     

Ligand-free C–N bond formation in aqueous medium using a reusable Cu–Mn bimetallic catalyst

A general ligand-free protocol has been described for the recyclable and reusable Cu–Mn catalyzed C–N bond forming cross coupling reaction of arylboronic acids with various amines to form N-arylated amine products in aqueous medium affording excellent yields under ambient conditions, in 3–4 h.     

Effects of vanadium and cadmium on transformation temperatures of Cu–Al–Mn shape memory alloy

Cu-based quaternary shape memory alloys were extensively investigated alloy in last decade. In this study, Cu–Al–Mn, Cu–Al–Mn–V and Cu–Al–Mn–Cd shape memory alloys were produced by arc melting. We have investigated the effects of the alloying elements on the characteristic transformation temperatures, variations in structure and microstructure. The characterization of the transformation temperatures was studied by the differential scanning calorimetry. It was observed that the addition of the vanadium and cadmium decreases the characteristic transformation temperatures. The structural changes of the samples were studied by X-ray diffraction measurements and optical microscope observations. The crystal structure of the martensite Cu–Al–Mn, Cu–Al–Mn–V and Cu–Al–Mn–Cd shape memory alloys were identified as M18 at room temperature. The crystallite sizes of the alloys were determined. The microstructure of the alloy was studied with the help of optical microscope and V-type martensites with different orientations were detected. Microhardness value of the alloys were found between 194 and 211 Hv.     

Cu/Co/Mn基氧载体释氧动力学及机理研究

以溶胶凝胶法制备了CuO/CuAl₂O₄、Co₃O₄/CoAl₂O₄以及Mn₂O₃/Al₂O₃氧载体,在流化床反应器中CO₂气氛下研究了不同温度下氧载体释氧特性,并通过分析得到各氧载体的释氧动力学机理函数、活化能及指前因子等重要参数。释氧过程中,氧载体CuO/CuAl₂O₄中CuO、CuAl₂O₄均为活性相,释氧后转化为Cu₂O及CuAlO₂,而Co₃O₄/CoAl₂O₄及Mn₂O₃/Al₂O₃中CoAl₂O₄和Al₂O₃均为惰性相,仅有Co₃O₄和Mn₂O₃参与释氧并分别转化为CoO和Mn₃O₄。三种氧载体的释氧过程均可由成核-核生长机理描述,释氧初期氧载体经化学反应形成新的活性核心,随后活性核心聚集形成还原态的氧载体团簇。各氧载体释氧的机理函数G(x)有不同的表达式,CuO/CuAl₂O₄、Co₃O₄/CoAl₂O₄、Mn₂O₃/Al₂O₃释氧的活化能E分别为226.37、130.06和65.90 kJ/mol,相对应的指前因子A分别为2.99×10⁶、4.96×10³和27.37 s^-1。     

Mn/ Re/Cu体系催化剂催化甲醇一步合成二甲氧基甲烷的研究

以ReO_x/CuO为催化剂,将甲醇选择性氧化一步合成二甲氧基甲烷（DMM）。考察了不同催化剂、反应温度以及Mn作为助剂对反应的影响。并利用XRD、程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)和程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)等手段对该催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,在一定的温度范围内,较高的反应温度有利于提高甲醇的转化率和DMM选择性;少量的Mn（2%）作为结构型助剂加入催化剂,通过改善催化剂表面分散度以及酸碱性,可以提高甲醇的转化率以及DMM的选择性;在非临氧条件下,催化剂表面的晶格氧可以参与反应,将甲醇氧化并最终得到DMM。     

载体对浸渍型Cu/Mn/Mg/K甲醇裂解催化剂的影响

载体对浸渍型Cu/Mn/Mg/K甲醇裂解催化剂的影响;     

Ni改性Cu/Mn/ZrO2催化剂合成低碳混和醇的研究

Ni改性的Cu/Mn/ZrO2是CO加氢合成低碳混合醇的有效催化剂,在较为温和的条件(T=573K,p=8.0MPa,GHSV=5000h-1)下,醇的时空产率为0.36g/(ml.h),其中C2+OH的选择性约30%.产物由直链C2+OH和以异丁醇为主的支链醇构成.温度和压力的提高明显促进了异丁醇的生成.可以认为,Ni的添加对直链醇的生成有决定性作用,而异丁醇的生成取决于Zr的作用.反应过程中甲烷等副产物的生成及水煤气变换反应可控制在合理的范围内.另外,K助剂的加入可进一步促进C2+OH的生成.     

分子筛负载Cu–Mn双金属柴油机尾气脱硝催化剂的稳定性（英文）

近年来柴油车尾气排放了大量的氮氧化物(NO_x),其治理技术目前主要基于选择性催化还原(SCR).但是,由于柴油车尾气的温度波动范围较宽,氧气浓度高,汽油车三效催化剂不能用于柴油车尾气脱硝,因此开发一种有效的SCR催化剂去除柴油机尾气中的NO_x至关重要.Cu/分子筛催化剂在尾气温度高于200°C时表现出高的脱硝活性,但低温(200°C)催化活性仍有待提高.此外,当柴油颗粒过滤器再生时催化剂处于高温高湿环境,而且柴油车尾气中有未完全燃烧的碳氢化合物(HCs)存在.因此,水热稳定性和抗HCs失活性也是催化剂性能的一个重要指标.Cu–Mn共负载可以有效提高催化剂在200°C以下对NO_x的脱除性能,但其稳定性尚未讨论.本文采用离子交换法将Cu–Mn双金属体系负载在ZSM-5和SAPO-34上,考察了Cu–Mn双金属催化剂去除柴油车尾气NO_x的效果,以及催化剂的温度敏感性、水热稳定性和抗HCs性能.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、N_2吸脱附、~(27)Al固体核磁共振(~(27)Al NMR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段分析了催化剂活性和稳定性差异的原因,探讨了影响稳定性的关键因素.研究发现,当Cu/Mn比为3:2时,200°C时Cu–Mn/ZSM-5和Cu–Mn/SAPO-34的NO_x转化率分别达到65%和90%.当催化剂水热老化处理后,或在反应气体中通入C_3H_6后,Cu–Mn/SAPO-34对NO_x的去除率比Cu–Mn/ZSM-5稳定.SEM和物理结构分析结果表明,水热老化处理和含C_3H_6气氛的SCR反应后,Cu–Mn/ZSM-5发生了明显的团聚,且BET比表面积和孔容减小;而Cu–Mn/SAPO-34未发生团聚现象,且保持较好的物理结构.因此,Cu–Mn/ZSM-5的团聚以及物理结构的破坏可能是其稳定性低的原因之一.XRD结果表明,水热老化处理后Cu–Mn/ZSM-5晶体结构无明显变化,Cu–Mn/SAPO-34的结晶度有所提高.含C_3H_6气氛的SCR反应后,两种催化剂仍然保持分子筛结构的特征峰,表现出较好的晶型结构,C_3H_6不会对催化剂的结晶度和晶体结构产生破坏作用.结合SEM图像发现水热老化处理提高了Cu–Mn/SAPO-34的结晶度并提高其低温活性.27Al NMR结果表明,两种催化剂在水热老化处理和含C_3H_6气氛的SCR反应后,四面体配位Al的峰面积几乎没有明显的改变,表明反应后催化剂并未发生明显的脱铝现象,仍然保持较好的结构稳定性.这与之前研究中Cu/ZSM-5反应后四面体配位的Al原子明显减少的结果不同.因此,Mn的加入可以缓解催化剂的脱铝,提高稳定性.XPS结果表明,水热老化处理和含C_3H_6气氛的SCR反应均使得Cu–Mn/ZSM-5上八面体配位的Cu~(2+)明显降低,Cu~+和八面体配位的Cu~(2+)之间的氧化还原循环受到明显抑制.而在Cu–Mn/SAPO-34表面,Cu原子浓度高度稳定,SCR反应中Cu~+和Cu~(2+)保持良好的氧化还原循环.因此,稳定的物理结构和Cu物种是催化剂稳定性的两个重要因素.     

Cu含量对以水滑石为前驱体的Cu/Co/Mn/Al催化剂高级醇合成性能的影响

A series of Cu/Co/Mn/Al catalysts derived from hydrotalcite precursors with different Cu/Co molar ratios (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) were prepared and used for the synthesis of higher alcohols from syngas. N₂ physical adsorption desorption, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR), thermogravimetry (TG), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques were employed to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the Cu/Co/Mn/Al catalysts. The results show that the optimum Cu content can increase specific surface area, improve reducibility, and form regular layered structure to provide more uniform distribution of active sites, thereby enhancing catalytic activity and alcohol selectivity. When the Cu/Co molar ratio was 0.5, the yield of alcohol and the alcohol selectivity reached the maximum values of 0.071 g·g^-1·h^-1 and 35.9%, respectively.     

Cu/Zn/Al/Mn催化剂上CO/CO2加氢合成甲醇特性研究

利用共沉淀法制备了四组分的Cu-Zn-Al-Mn和Cu-Zn-Al-Ce催化剂以及三组分的Cu-Zn-Al催化剂。利用组成H2/CO/CO2/N2=66/27/3/4(体积比)的富CO原料气对催化剂进行了活性评价，并研究了温度、压力和空速等反应条件对催化剂活性的影响。结果发现添加适量的锰助剂能显著提高催化剂的活性和热稳定性。利用SEM和XRD方法进行了催化剂的结构和形貌表征，同样表明锰助剂可以起到阻止CuO晶粒长大和促进CuO分散作用。利用富CO2的生物质原料气体积比为H2/CO/CO2/N2=50/25/20/5对Cu-Zn-Al-Mn催化剂进行的评价表明：Cu-Zn-Al-Mn催化剂上CO/CO2加氢合成甲醇的甲醇产率和选择性均有下降，在试验范围内，甲醇产率下降11％～25％，选择性为93％～95％。     

Cu/Mn/Ni/ZrO2合成低碳醇催化剂组分作用的初步研究

针对Cu/Mn/Ni/ZrO2合成低碳醇催化剂的独特反应行为,制备了一系列模型催化剂以考察各组元的作用.结果表明,Cu是主要的合成醇类产物的活性组分,镍是催化剂上促进碳链增长的重要元素,同时也可使异丁醇的生成在较为温和的反应条件下进行.氧化锆既起载体的作用,也是合成异丁醇的主要活性组元.同时组元的相互组合也是催化剂合成不同种类醇产物的重要保证,Mn通过保证Ni、Cu等其它组元的高度分散,提高了催化剂的活性,并且避免了过量的甲烷等烃类的产生以及甲醇成为主要产物,同时Mn的存在还可能促进Ni与ZrO2的作用,使得生成异丁醇的反应在较温和条件下就可以发生.     

Cu对Cu—Mn—Ce—O和Cu—Mn—Ce—Pd—O催化剂三效性能的影响

利用火焰脉冲－微反装置考察了Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ和Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｐｄ－Ｏ两类催化剂的三效活性。结果表明Ｃｕ的加入有利Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ的ＮＯｘ和ＣＯ的转化，而不利于Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｐｄ－Ｏ的ＮＯｘ和ＨＣ的转化。ＸＲＤ分析结果表明在Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ中加入Ｐｄ，原来的ＣｕＭｎ２Ｏ３消失，生成新相ＭｎＡｌ２Ｏ４；ＴＰＲ分析结果表明Ｃｕ使Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ样品表面氧量增加，表面易于还原，而使Ｍｎ－     

Cu对Cu－Mn－Ce－O和Cu－Mn－Ce－Pd－O催化剂三效性能的影响

利用火焰脉冲－微反装置考察了Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ和Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｐｄ－Ｏ两类催化剂的三效活性。结果表明Ｃｕ的加入有利于Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ的ＮＯｘ和ＣＯ的转化，而不利于Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－ｐｄ－Ｏ的ＮＯｘ和ＨＣ的转化。ＸＲＤ分析结果表明在Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ中加入Ｐｄ，原来的ＣｕＭｎ＿２Ｏ＿３消失，生成新相ＭｎＡｌ＿２Ｏ＿４；ＴＰＲ分析结果表明Ｃｕ使Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ样品表面氧量增加，表面易于还原，而使Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－ｐｄ－Ｏ样品表面难于还原。实验结果还表明Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－ｐｄ－Ｏ催化剂的三效性能远远优于Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ催化剂。     

Thermal and Microstructural Analysis of the Y–Ba–Cu–O/Ag Equilibrium Around the Critical Composition YBa2Cu3Ox/Ag 35 mass%

We studied the Y–Ba–Cu–O/Ag equilibrium diagram in oxygen atmosphere around the composition YBa₂Cu₃O_x/Ag35 mass%. We found a high thermal effect: the peritectic decomposition temperature of Y-123 phase is lowered from 1040 to 940°C. We demonstrate here that the nature of the phenomenon is not chemical. We explained it as the result of a mechanical segregation of Y-123 decomposition products from Y-123 phase, performed by silver. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

焙烧温度对合成低碳醇用Cu/Mn/Ni/ZrO2催化剂性能的影响

 研究了焙烧温度对合成低碳醇用Cu／Mn／Ni／ZrO2催化剂结构及催化性能的影响．随着焙烧温度的升高，催化剂的催化活性和产物分布都发生较大的变化．催化剂在较低的温度下焙烧，低温下反应液相产物的分布符合S－F方程；反应温度升高时，液相产物中主要是甲醇和异丁醇；在高温下焙烧的催化剂，其催化活性较低，但即使在较低的反应温度下，异丁醇在液相高级醇（C2＋OH）中也是主要的产物．结合其他的一些反应结果与XRD，BET，TPR及EXAFS等表征结果，认为焙烧温度使催化剂的结构发生了较大的变化，进而影响催化剂各组分之间的相互作用，从而使催化剂对合成低碳醇反应表现出不同的催化性能．     

Effect of LiNi1/2Mn1/2O2 coating on the electrochemical performance of Li–Mn spinel

Lithium nickel manganese oxide (LiNi_1/2Mn_1/2O₂) was coated on spinel lithium manganese oxide (LiMn₂O₄) by a sol–gel process in an attempt to improve the high temperature cycling performance. The ratio of the coating sol to LiMn₂O₄ was adjusted to determine the relationship between the coating thickness and electrochemical performance. The crystal structure and morphology of the samples were examined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The charge and discharge characteristics, including cyclability and electrochemical properties of the bare and the coated LiMn₂O₄, were measured and compared. The results showed that a LiNi_1/2Mn_1/2O₂ coating on LiMn₂O₄ improves the rate capability at room temperature, and the cyclability at high temperatures.     

Cu含量对以水滑石为前驱体的Cu/Co/Mn/Al催化剂高级醇合成性能的影响（英文）

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列不同铜钴摩尔比(0,0.1,0.5,1.0,2.0)的Cu/Co/Mn/Al层状结构催化剂并考察了其在合成气制混合醇反应中的催化性能,采用N_2物理吸脱附、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、氢气程序升温还原(H_2-TPR),热重分析(TG)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等对催化剂进行了表征分析。结果表明,适当的铜钴摩尔比可以增大催化剂的比表面积,提高催化剂的还原性能,并能形成较规整的层状结构从而提供更均一分散的合成醇活性位,从而提高催化活性和醇选择性。当铜钴摩尔比为0.5时,得到最高的醇时空产率(STY)和醇质量选择性,分别为0.071 g?g~(-1)?h~(-1)和35.9%。