发酵液中谷氨酰胺提取新工艺

本文根据谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺的电离常数的差异，采用一种新型的离子交换工艺，通过单根阴离子交换柱，从谷氨酰胺发酵液中提取谷氨酰胺。粗晶溶解液通过阴离子交换柱后，谷氨酰胺最高收率达到83％，谷氨酸去除率90％。该法在显著提高产品收率的同时，还大大减少了酸碱用量。     

用NH_4~+型阳离子交换树脂从等电点结晶母液中吸附谷氨酸Ⅱ.

本文研究了用NH_+型阳离子交换树脂在不同条件下从等电点结晶母液中吸附谷氨酸时该树脂的交换容量和一定条件下的交换速度。在相同pH、谷氨酸浓度与温度下测定的不同表观流速(u)和固定床交换区高度(hz)的关系为:hz=130u~(0.716)。一定液体流速下,固定床多级连续试验验证了交换区高度测定的结果。连续吸附的谷氨酸吸附率>95％。     

用混合床离子色谱柱同时测定阴阳离子

将阴离子交换树脂和阳离子交换换树脂混合后填充在一根色谱柱中，即所谓阴阳离子混合床柱。研究了阴阳离子在此混合柱上的保留行为并探讨了其保留机理。     

阳树脂再生度对水汽系统氢电导率监测准确性的影响研究

水汽系统氢电导率监测用氢交换柱附加误差超标是造成氢电导率测量不准确的主要原因，而氢交换柱附加误差超标主要源于阳树脂的再生度低。理论分析和研究结果表明，氢交换柱附加误差与阳树脂再生度及水样Cl^-浓度均有关系，再生度越低，Cl^-浓度越高，氢交换柱附加误差就越大。对于超临界水汽系统氢电导率测量用氢交换柱，为了保证附加误差满足不大于5%的标准要求，建议控制树脂再生度在85%以上。阳树脂再生度取决于再生工艺，动态再生和电再生的效果要比静态浸泡再生好，可以保证树脂的再生度和氢交换柱的附加误差满足要求。     

交联蚕蛹壳聚糖-谷氨酸阳离子交换树脂的制备

交联蚕蛹壳聚糖-谷氨酸阳离子交换树脂的制备;蚕蛹; 壳聚糖; L-谷氨酸; 阳离子交换树脂     

弱碱阴离子交换树脂对酸性氨基酸分离性能的研究

本文采用几种不同类型的弱碱阴离子交换树脂对谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸和苏氨酸的分离性能进行了研究,考察了树脂结构、淋洗剂和树脂交换基团的型式对分离性能的影响。结果发现以pH～4缓冲溶液处理树脂,以醋酸,盐酸溶液分部淋洗两种酸性氨基酸得到完全分离。     

有机胺对阳离子交换树脂性能的影响

采用浸泡方法分别研究了氨、乙醇胺、吗啉对阳离子交换树脂性能的影响。利用光学显微镜观察浸泡前后阳离子交换树脂的形貌。55℃下,分别在pH值为9.3的氨、乙醇胺及吗啉的溶液中浸泡不同时间后离子交换树脂的总交换容量、含水率、湿视密度、湿真密度变化均不明显。以3种不同浓度(0.9mol/L、1.4mol/L、1.9mol/L)的氨、乙醇胺及吗啉的溶液分别浸泡离子交换树脂,浸泡后总交换容量、含水率、湿视密度、湿真密度的变化也不大。在恒定pH值与不同浓度碱化溶液中浸泡后,黑琥珀色半透明离子交换树脂的颜色均变浅。实验结果表明有机胺对凝胶型阳离子交换树脂的性能和形貌影响不大。     

杨梅型聚丙烯基氨羧树脂交换动力学

研究了部分亚氨二乙酸化的杨梅型聚丙烯基聚丙烯腈共苯乙烯树脂(PPAS—IDA)对四价钒氧离子(VO~(2+))的交换行为。实验证明,交换的支配因素是液膜扩散,但粒子扩散和化学反应处于竞争地位,它决定于树脂的基本结构和在反应介质中的运动形式。交联型聚苯乙烯基氨羧树脂在国内外均已有工业生产并获得广泛应用。它对重金属离子有较强的螯合能力,但反应速度较低。为了解决这一问题,我们制备了杨梅型聚丙烯基氨羧树脂,观察了它对VO~(2+)离子的交换过程,得到了初步的结果。     

离子交换水处理技术文摘

标题的装置包括装有预涂中空纤维的过滤器的过滤一脱盐箱，一个装填离子交换树脂的柱塔，用于监测徨水电导率或CL~-浓度的装置和依靠来自监测器的反馈信号来控制离子交换树脂数值的装置。阴离子交换树脂对阳离子交换树脂的数值的装置。阴离子交换树脂对阳离子交换树脂的混合比例控制在>0.5:1,离子交换树脂的平     

谷氨酸类脂分子在不同溶剂中的自组装性质及机理研究

以N-Boc-D-谷氨酸和不同链长的烷基氨为原料，1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氨基丙基）碳二亚胺盐酸盐和1-羟基苯并三唑为缩合剂制得N，N′-双十二（双十四，双十六）-D-Boc-谷氨酸二酰胺（DBG_n）; DBG_n在二氯甲烷中用三氟乙酸水解合成了N，N′-双十二（双十四，双十六）-D-谷氨酸二酰胺（DG_n），其结构经¹H NMR和MALDI-TOF-MS确证。采用FT-IR, SEM和XRD研究了DG_n在不同溶剂中的成胶性能。结果表明：Boc基团之间的氢键相互作用和长烷基链之间的疏水作用有利于凝胶的形成。     

Use of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of glutamine synthetase and glutamic acid decarboxylase in crude extracts

Glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), formed from glutamic acid in crude tissue extracts by glutamine synthetase and glutamic acid decarboxylase respectively, were separated by derivatization with dansyl chloride followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on the Altex Ultrasphere ODS-5 column. The mobile phase was a gradient of 100 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 2.1) with 0-40% acetonitrile. The amounts of glutamine and GABA formed from glutamic acid were determined under different reaction conditions.     

Amino acid analysis by ion-exchange chromatography using a lithium elution gradient. Influence of methanol concentration and sample pH.

The separation of amino acids has been achieved on a short column of Chromo-Beads C2 resin, with a lithium gradient-elution system. The analysis took 8 h. The separation of asparagine and glutamine from glutamic acid was highly dependent on the sample pH and on the methanol concentration in the first buffer of the gradient. The method has been applied to analysis of human plasma and granulocytes for amino acids.     

Preparation and Analytical Application of a New Chelating Ion Exchange Resin Containing Thioglycolic Acid

Starting from copolymerization of acrylonitrile and divinylbenzene by emulsion polymerization technique, a macroporous, crosslinked polyacrylonitrile copolymer was synthesized. The nitrile groups on the copolymer resin were converted into carboxylic acid groups by hydrolysis with strong alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide to obtain the resin matrix with carboxylic acid groups. A new chelating ion exchange resin containing alkylthioglycolate was prepared by esterification of carboxylic acid groups on the resin matrix and thioglycolic acid with 1,6-hexanediol as binding part. After studies of the basic characters, ion exchange ability, exchange rate and acidity of the medium, it was found that the new resin obtaind was highly selective for silver(I), mercury(II), gold(III) and bismuth(III) in acidic-aqueous solution. Separation of these metal ions from each other and concentration of these metal ions from very dilute solution were studied by liquid chromatography using a short column of this new resin. The analytical applications of this new resin are reported.     

Fragmentation pathway for glutamine identification: Loss of 73 da from dimethylformamidine glutamine isobutyl ester

A fragmentation mechanism for the neutral loss of 73 Da from dimethylformamidine glutamine isobutyl ester is investigated. Understanding this mechanism will allow to improve the identification and quantification of 15N-labeled and unlabeled glutamine and the distinguishing of glutamine and glutamic acid by electrospray ionization (ESI)-tandem mass spectrometry. Before mass spectrometry analysis, glutamine and glutamic acid are derivatized with dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal and isobutanol to form dimethylformamidine isobutyl ester. Derivatization conditions are modified based on an existing method to ensure complete derivatization of glutamic acid and to prevent the hydrolysis of glutamine. The fragmentation mechanism of dimethylformamidine glutamine isobutyl ester is studied and possible fragmentation pathways are proposed. Based on the fragmentation mechanism, a quantification method is developed to quantify both 15N-labeled and unlabeled glutamine and glutamic acid at a series of different neutral losses by performing multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) scans in a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. Labeled glutamine includes 15N-amide labeled, 15N-amine labeled glutamine and glutamine 15N-labeled at both amide and amine positions. Deuterium labeled glutamine and glutamic acid are used as internal standards. Isotope effects are characterized for 15N labeled and deuterium labeled glutamine. It is found that the same method can be used to distinguish aspartic acid from asparagine. This study will improve the application of MS/MS for amino acid quantification and stable isotope labeling metabolism studies.     

STUDY ON THE SEPARATION OF GLUTAMIC ACID BY ION—EXCHANGE

The feasibility of recovering glutamic acid by ion exchange method with macroporous resins was investigated.Their adsorption properties in stati state and the effective factors,such as pH,concentration of eeed and the ratio of ammonium ion to glutamic acid,were systematically explored.The best condition of separating glutamic acid from mother liquid were obtained.     

Use of an Optimum Wavelength to Detect Glutamic Acid and its Metabolites in Human Serum by Reversed-Phase HPLC

Abstract

Dansylated glutamic acid, glutamine and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) show maximum absorption at 221 nm. Using this wavelength, the detection limits for dansylated amino acids studied by reversed-phase HPLC are similar to those reported by fluorescence. This technique was used to look foe the presence of glutamic acid and its metabolites in human serum. Glutamic acid and glutamine were present in significant amounts and their levels were 2.5 and 6.1 nmoles/ml respetively, while GABA was present in trace amounts, less than 0.3 nmoles/ml.     

STUDY ON THE SEPARATION OF GLUTAMIC ACID BY ION-EXCHANGE

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离子交换法提取谷氨酸的研究

本文就离子交换法提取谷氨酸树脂的筛选，不同树脂对发酵液中谷氨酸静态吸附性能及其影响因素进行了系统地研究．旨在探索离子交换法提取谷氨酸的最佳工艺条件和开发新的离子交换树脂．     

Analysis of cyclic pyrolysis products formed from amino acid monomer

Amino acid was mixed with silica and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) to favor pyrolysis of amino acid monomer. The pyrolysis products formed from amino acid monomer were using GC/MS and GC. 20 amino acids of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine were analyzed. The pyrolysis products were divided into cyclic and non-cyclic products. Among the 20 amino acids, arginine, asparagine, glutamic acid, glutamine, histidine, lysine, and phenylalanine generated cyclic pyrolysis products of the monomer. New cyclic pyrolysis products were formed by isolation of amino acid monomers. They commonly had polar side functional groups to 5-, 6-, or 7-membered ring structure. Arginine, asparagine, glutamic acid, glutamine, histidine, and phenylalanine generated only 5- or 6-membered ring products. However, lysine generated both 6- and 7-membered ring compounds. Variations of the relative intensities of the cyclic pyrolysis products with the pyrolysis temperature and amino acid concentration were also investigated.