苯在Si(111)-7×7表面化学吸附的理论研究

采用两种大小不同的原子簇模型Si_(30)H_(28)和Si_(13)H_(16)，分别用两层 ONIOM方法（对较大原子簇）和普通量子化学方法（对较小原子族）考察了苯分子 在Si(111)-7 * 7表面的化学吸附。对三种可能的吸附物种分别用DFT或HF方法进行 了计算。通过大小原子簇吸附物种的吸附能以及几何构型优化参数的比较发现，对 于稳定的吸附物种，较小的原子簇基本上可以代替较大的原子簇进行计算，而对于 不太稳定的吸附物种，就不得不考虑周边原子的影响。计算结果表明苯在Si(111)- 7 * 7表面的主要吸附种是双σ成键的1，4加成产物，不稳定的单吸附物种可能是 1，4加成物种的前驱态。     

苯分子与Rh(111)面相互作用的分子轨道研究

用群分解EHMO法研究了苯在Rh(111)面上的化学吸附和成键性质。以Rh_7原子簇模型模拟Rh(111)表面,得到结合能为41kJ/mol,吸附高度2.60。被吸附的苯分子通过π键和金属原子的d轨道相互作用而受到活化,有利于在(111)表而上的化学反应。     

氧在银表面吸附的EHMO研究

本文应用EHMO法计算了氧原子、氧分子和若干代表Ag(111)表面上不同位置的银原子簇间的位能曲线或位能面。结果表明:在150～250℃间,Ag(111)表面化学吸附氧时,最可能的吸附位置是叠位,被吸附物的价态为O~-。这种单原子氧是氧分子在叠位发生解离吸附所形成。在Ag(111)表面上,不形成双原子氧吸附,它可能只发生在单个Ag原子(或某些高度分散的载体银或特殊的晶体银,其特性类似单个Ag原子)上,被吸附时的价态为O_2~-。     

甲酸在Au(997)台阶表面的氧化反应（英文）

金催化是纳米催化的代表性体系之一,但对金催化作用的理解还存在争议,特别是金颗粒尺寸对其催化作用的影响.金颗粒尺寸减小导致的表面结构主要变化之一是表面配位不饱和金原子密度的增加,因此研究金原子配位结构对其催化作用的影响对于理解金催化作用尺寸依赖性具有重要意义.具有不同配位结构的金颗粒表面可以利用金台阶单晶表面来模拟.我们研究组以同时具有Au(111)平台和Au(111)台阶的Au(997)台阶表面为模型表面,发现Au(111)台阶原子在CO氧化、NO氧化和NO分解反应中表现出与Au(111)平台原子不同的催化性能.负载型Au颗粒催化甲酸氧化反应是重要的Au催化反应之一.本文利用程序升温脱附/反应谱(TDS/TPRS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究了甲酸在清洁的和原子氧覆盖的Au(997)表面的吸附和氧化反应,观察到Au(111)台阶原子和Au(111)平台原子不同的催化甲酸根氧化反应行为.与甲酸根强相互作用的Au(111)台阶原子表现出比与甲酸根弱相互作用的Au(111)平台原子更高的催化甲酸根与原子氧发生氧化反应的反应活化能.在清洁Au(997)表面,甲酸分子发生可逆的分子吸附和脱附.甲酸分子在Au(111)台阶原子的吸附强于在Au(111)平台原子的吸附.TDS结果表明,吸附在Au(111)台阶原子的甲酸分子的脱附温度在190 K,吸附在Au(111)平台原子的甲酸分子的脱附温度在170 K.XPS结果表明,分子吸附甲酸的C 1s和O 1s结合能分别位于289.1和532.8 e V.利用多层NO_2的分解反应在Au(997)表面控制制备具有不同原子氧吸附位和覆盖度的原子氧覆盖Au(997)表面,包括氧原子吸附在(111)台阶位的0.02 ML-O(a)/Au(997)、氧原子同时吸附在(111)台阶位和(111)平台位的0.12 ML-O(a)/Au(997)、氧原子和氧岛吸附在(111)平台位和氧原子吸附在(111)台阶位的0.26 ML-O(a)/Au(997).TPRS和XPS结果表明,甲酸分子在105 K与Au(997)表面原子氧物种反应生成甲酸根和羟基物种,但甲酸根物种的进一步氧化反应依赖于Au原子配位结构和各种表面物种的相对覆盖度.在0.02 ML-O(a)/Au(997)表面暴露0.5 L甲酸时,Au(111)台阶位氧原子完全反应,甲酸过量.表面物种是Au(111)台阶位吸附的甲酸根、羟基和甲酸分子.在加热过程中,甲酸分子与羟基在181 K反应生成甲酸根和气相水分子(HCOOH(a)+OH(a)=H_2O+HCOO(a)),甲酸根在340 K发生歧化反应生成气相HCOOH和CO_2分子(2HCOO(a)=CO_2+HCOOH).在0.12 ML-O(a)/Au(997)和0.26 ML-O(a)/Au(997)表面暴露0.5 L甲酸时,甲酸分子完全反应,原子氧过量.表面物种是Au(111)平台位和Au(111)台阶位吸附的甲酸根、羟基和原子氧.在加热过程中,Au(111)平台位和Au(111)台阶位的甲酸根分别在309和340 K同时发生氧化反应(HCOO(a)+O(a)=H_2O+CO_2)和歧化反应(2HCOO(a)=CO_2+HCOOH)生成气相CO_2,H_2O和HCOOH分子.在0.26 ML-O(a)/Au(997)表面暴露10 L甲酸时,甲酸分子和原子氧均未完全消耗.表面物种是Au(111)平台位和Au(111)台阶位吸附的甲酸根、羟基、甲酸分子和原子氧.在加热过程中,除了上述甲酸根的氧化反应和歧化反应,还发生171 K的甲酸分子与羟基的反应(HCOOH(a)+OH(a)=H_2O+HCOO(a))和216 K的羟基并和反应(OH(a)+OH(a)=H_2O+O(a)).     

甲醛在CeO2(111)表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论和周期平板模型, 研究了甲醛在以桥氧为端面的CeO2(111)稳定表面上的吸附行为. 通过对不同覆盖度, 不同吸附位的甲醛吸附构型、吸附能及电子态密度的分析发现, 甲醛在CeO2(111)表面存在化学吸附与物理吸附两种情况. 化学吸附结构中甲醛的碳、氧原子分别与表面的氧、铈原子发生相互作用, 形成CH2O2物种; 吸附能随着覆盖度的增加而减小. 与自由甲醛分子相比, 物理吸附的甲醛构型变化不大, 其吸附能较小. 利用CNEB(climbing nudged elastic band)方法计算了甲醛在CeO2(111)表面的初步解离反应活化能(约1.71 eV), 远高于甲醛脱附能垒, 这与甲醛在清洁CeO2(111)表面程序升温脱附实验中产物主要为甲醛的结果相一致.     

Au(111)面上肉桂醛的选择性加氢机理

采用密度泛函理论并结合周期性平板模型的方法,优化了肉桂醛在Au(111)面上的吸附模型,并详细探讨了肉桂醛在Au(111)面上选择性加氢的反应机理(C=O,C=C以及1,4共轭加成机理).计算结果表明,肉桂醛以C=O和C=C协同吸附于Au(111)面上时,吸附构型最稳定.此时,不同吸附模式的吸附能平均在140.0kJ?mol-1.通过搜索不同机理下每个基元反应的过渡态,得出肉桂醛在Au(111)面上最可能的选择性加氢产物为苯丙醛,且其按照1,4共轭加成机理间接得到苯丙醛比C=C直接加氢机理具有更低的活化能.具体反应过程为:肉桂醛C=O的O优先加H形成烯丙基型中间体,继而该中间体中与苯环相连的C原子继续加H形成烯醇(ENOL),最终烯醇异构成苯丙醛.其中ENOL的生成过程所需的活化能最高,是反应的控速步骤.     

银表面甲醇氧化反应机理的ab initio计算研究 Ⅰ.银表面静态吸附物种的几何构型和吸附性质

本文用原子簇模型(CM)的从头计算方法,计算了银表面甲醇氧化反应中的静态吸附物种的优化几何构型及吸附性质.计算表明在清洁银表面甲醇、甲醛只存在物理吸附;当表面存在吸附氧原子时,甲醇可在银表面形成两种分子态吸附;甲醛与表面羟基OH_(a)或氢原子H_(a)共存时在银表面能够形成化学吸附,且CH_2O_(a)极易与O_(a)反应生成深度氧化中间体η~2-甲二氧基;中间产物甲氧基在无氧的银表面能够形成稳定吸附,在富氧银表面极易进一步氧化脱氢生成产物甲醛.通过计算与实验结果的对照,我们对反应机理作了初步讨论.     

金属修饰Ti_2N MXene吸附分解H_2S的第一性原理计算

通过第一性原理计算研究了Ti_2NO_2 MXene对H_2S的吸附、分解行为. Ti_2NO_2对H_2S气体分子的吸附结果表明,两者之间为弱的物理吸附, Ti_2NO_2无法有效吸附H_2S气体.采用过渡金属(Sc、 V)修饰Ti_2NO_2的研究结果表明,Sc和V可以在Ti_2NO_2表面上稳定存在,不易发生团聚,其最稳定吸附位为N原子上方.进一步研究了Sc、 V修饰的Ti_2NO_2对H_2S气体分子的吸附行为,结果表明金属修饰后其吸附H_2S的能力明显提高.此外还发现, H_2S分子可以在Sc/Ti_2NO_2和V/Ti_2NO_2表面直接解离为HS*和H*,而后HS*中的H原子再与H*进一步结合形成H_2, S原子则与过渡金属成键. HS*在V/Ti_2NO_2表面解离的势垒为1.69 eV,低于在Sc/Ti_2NO_2表面的2.08 eV,表明V/Ti_2NO_2有望成为吸附、分解H_2S气体的理想候选材料.     

气相原子氢与Pt(111)表面的相互作用: 体相氢物种的直接证据

在超高真空条件下利用高温钨丝裂解氢分子制备气相氢原子, 并研究了气相氢原子与Pt(111)表面的相互作用. 热脱附谱(TDS)结果表明气相分子氢在Pt(111)表面吸附生成表面吸附氢物种; 而气相原子氢在Pt(111)表面吸附不仅生成表面吸附氢物种, 而且能够生成体相氢物种. Pt(111)表面体相氢物种的热稳定性低于表面氢物种, 表明体相氢物种具有更高的能量. 这种弱吸附体相氢物种有可能是Pt表面催化加氢反应的活性氢物种.     

苯在Rh(111)表面化学吸附的DV-X_(a)研究

近年来,对于苯在Rh表面化学吸附的模式,吸附态结构和性质等问题已经在实验和理论上得到了广泛的研究,包括TDS、LEED、UPS、ELS和TPD等光谱分析方法,为研究C_6H_6与Rh的相互作用积累了大量的实验数据,提供了C_6H_6吸附在Rh(111)面上的各种可能结构和吸附成键等信息。但是所有这些实验结果还需要根据电子结构和成键性能进行详细的理论分析,以便对C_6H_6 Rh(111)吸附体系的相互作用机理有更深刻的认识。原子簇模型为处理吸附相互作用提供了一个简化的图象,它已被大量用来分析吸附物与衬底的相互作用。对于C_6H_6在过渡金属表面吸附曾经有人做过分子轨道(EHMO)的计算     

Intermolecular Interaction of HMX： an Application of ONIOM Methodology

IntroductionExtensive studies on intermolecular interac-tions have been made in the past decades due totheir importance in a wide range of physical,chem-ical and biological fields.Researches on the weakintermolecular interactions began with hydrogenbonds.Scheiner summarized the ab initio investiga-tions on hydrogen bonding in detail[1] .With the abinitio method supermolecular structures and bind-ing energies can be predicted notonly for H- bondedsystems but also for other systems[2 _ 5] when …     

Adsorption of NH(3) and H(2)O in acidic chabazite. Comparison of ONIOM approach with periodic calculations

The adsorption of NH(3) and H(2)O in acidic chabazite has been studied with the B3LYP method within the cluster approach (5T, 48T clusters) and the periodic approach adopting a Si/Al = 11/1 chabazite and a basis set of polarized double-zeta quality. The 5T cluster has been treated fully ab initio at the B3LYP level whereas the 48T cluster has been treated with the ONIOM2 scheme using B3LYP as the high level of theory and the MNDO, AM1, and HF/3-21G methods as low levels of theory. Periodic calculations show that the adsorption of NH(3) in acidic chabazite takes place through an ion pair (NH(4)(+)-CHA(-)) structure, the computed adsorption energy being -32 kcal/mol. The adsorption of H(2)O leads to a hydrogen bonded (H(2)O-HCHA) complex with the computed adsorption energy of -20 kcal/mol. All ONIOM combinations provide similar structures to those obtained with periodic calculations. Adsorption energies, however, are sensitive to the low level used, especially for NH(3). The ONIOM B3LYP:HF/3-21G method is the one that provides more satisfactory results. Present results show that, for larger zeolites, the ONIOM scheme can be successfully applied while drastically reducing the cost of a fully ab initio treatment.     

A theoretical investigation on the potential energy surface of CN2H rotation of the encapsulated 1-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyldiazirine

The potential energy surface (PES) of CN₂H rotation of the encapsulated 1-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyldiazirine (BHD) inside a molecular container: Cram’s hemicarcerand (CH) was explored using two different DFT involved ONIOM methods: B3LYP/6-31G^**//ONIOM(B3LYP/6-31G^*: AM1) and B971/6-31G^**//ONIOM(B971/6-31G^*: AM1). The free-state PES of CN₂H rotation was also calculated, respectively by B3LYP/6-31G^**//B3LYP/6-31G^* and B971/6-31G^**//B971/6-31G^* methods for comparison. The findings in this study have shown that the PES profiles differ from each other notably in the two states. In the encapsulated state the rotation barrier corresponding to the free-state conversion with the largest rotation barrier increases by about 2 kcal/mol, which has exceeded the largest rotation barrier in the free-state. The conformational preference behavior towards certain BHD isomers, which might be in better conformational compatibility with the container, has been demonstrated.     

Interaction of Hg Atom with Bare Si（111） Surface

1INTRODUCTION In the past decades,mercury has been a very use-ful electrode material in the fabrication and electrical measurement of molecule modified metal-metal and metal-semiconductor junctions.Majda et al.[1,2]constructed a symmetric Hg-SCn-CnS-Hg junction to study the electron tunneling properties of alkanethio-late bilayers.Whitesides et al.[3～5]fabricated Hg-SAM/SAM-Metal(Ag,Au,Cu)junctions to investi-gate the electrical breakdown voltage of self-assem-bled monolayers(SAMs…     

Quantum chemical calculations based on ONIOM and the DFT methods in the inclusion complex: doxycycline/2-O-Me-β-cyclodextrin

A computational study of inclusion complexes of 2-methyl-βCD with Doxycycline tautomeric (enol and keto form) has been performed with several combinations of ONIOM hybrid calculations. The reliability of the ONIOM2 calculations at the integrated level, ONIOM2 (M05-2X/6-31G(d): M05-2X/3-21G*), ONIOM2 (M05-2X/6-31G(d):HF/3-21G*), ONIOM2 (B3LYP/6-31G(d):HF/3-21G*), ONIOM2 (B3LYP/6-31G(d):B3LYP/3-21G*) and ONIOM2 (B3PW91/6-31G(d):B3PW91/3-21G*) was examined. Their complexation, binding, deformation and stabilization energies, and geometrical data were compared with those of the target geometry structure optimized at the M05-2X/6-31G(d) level of theory. Mixed combinations ONIOM2 (M05-2X 6-31G(d):HF 3-21G*) and ONIOM2 (B3LYP 6-31G(d):HF 3-21G*) reproduces nearly the target geometry structure and provides realistic energetic results at a relatively low computational cost.     

Theoretical studies on the gas-phase pyrolysis of 2-phenoxycarboxylic acids: an ONIOM approach

Various ONIOM combinations-ONIOM(HF/6-31G*: PM3), ONIOM(B3LYP/6-31G*: PM3), ONIOM(MP2/6-31G*: PM3), and ONIOM(MP2/6-31G*: HF/3-21G)--were applied to investigate thermal decomposition mechanisms of four 2-phenoxycarboxylic acids (2-phenoxyacetic acid, 2-phenoxypropionic acid, 2-phenoxybutyric acid, and 2-phenoxyisobutyric acid) in the gas phase. All the transition states and intermediates of the reaction paths were optimized. The reaction pathway of four reactants yielding the phenol, CO, and the corresponding carbonyl compound was characterized on the potential energy surface and found to proceed stepwise. The first step corresponds to the elimination of phenol and the formation of alpha-lactone intermediate through a five-membered ring transition state, and the second step is the cycloreversion process of alpha-lactone intermediate to form CO and the corresponding carbonyl compound. The reaction pathway of latter three compounds to produce the carboxylic acid and phenol via a four-membered cyclic transition structure was also examined theoretically. Comparison with experiment indicates that the activation parameters for the fist reaction channel are accurately predicted at the ONIOM(MP2/6-31G*: HF/3-21G) level of theory.     

Vibrational characterization of different benzene phases on flat and vicinal Si(100) surfaces

Based on high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy and temperature-programmable desorption, benzene chemisorption on vicinal and nominally flat Si(100) surfaces has been studied for various adsorption, annealing, and site blocking treatments. Three different chemisorbed benzene (C6H6 and C6D6) phases with distinct thermal desorption characteristics and different vibrational spectra have been separated and characterized on both substrates. All three phases are identified as 1,4-cyclohexadiene-like structures with butterfly geometry. Whereas the dominant phase is di-sigma bonded to the two Si atoms of a single Si-Si dimer, the benzene orientation (double bond orientation) in the other phases is rotated. Di-sigma bonding to Si atoms of adjacent Si-Si dimer for the latter cases is most likely. Coverage and temperature dependent conversions between the different phases have been addressed by vibrational spectroscopy.     

Host-guest inclusion complex between β-cyclodextrin and paeonol: A theoretical approach

Host-guest interactions of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with paeonol (PAE) were simulated using semi-empirical PM3 and both ONIOM2 [(B3LYP/6-31G*:PM3), (HF/6-31G*:PM3)] methods. The results obtained with PM3 method clearly indicate that the complexes formed are energetically favored with or without solvent, the model 1 (PAE entering into the cavity of β-CD from its wide side by OCH3 group) is found more favored than the model 2 (PAE entering into the cavity of β-CD from its wide side by COCH3 group). Finally, natural bonding orbital (NBO) analysis was performed based on ONIOM2 optimized complexes to quantify the donor–acceptor interactions between PAE and β-CD.     

Studies of chemisorbed tetracene on si(111)-7x7

The chemisorption of tetracene on the Si(111)-7x7 surface was studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. On the basis of the STM results and dimension analysis, two types of binding configurations were proposed. One of the configurations involves the di-sigma reaction between two C atoms of an inner ring with an adatom-rest atom pair on the substrate to give rise to an unsymmetrical butterfly structure. Tetracene in another configuration possesses four C-Si bonds that are formed via di-sigma reactions between the C atoms at the terminal rings with two center adatom-rest atom pairs within one-half of the surface unit cell. Besides, two other binding modes were proposed based on the dimension compatibility between the tetracene C and the substrate Si dangling bonds even though their identifications through the STM images are nonexclusive. Structural modeling and adsorption energies calculations were carried out using the DFT method. Factors affecting the relative thermodynamic stabilities based on the calculation results and the relative populations of tetracene in the different binding configurations as observed experimentally were discussed.     

适用于液晶大分子的量子化学计算方法以及六烷氧基苯并菲取代的1,3,5-三酰胺苯液晶的研究

盘状液晶分子之间的相互作用决定液晶的性质. 为了选择合适的计算方法, 以便用量子化学研究液晶大分子, 设计了对位取代苯和三酰胺苯作为模型分子, 用高水平的ONIOM [MP2/6-31G*(0.25):HF/6-31G(d,p)]计算提供了与晶体结构资料相符合的较准确的二体相互作用结果. 然后与各种较低级别的计算进行比较, 说明ONIOM (HF/STO-3G: AM1:UFF)水平比较合适. 盘重叠部分的相互作用主要是色散作用, 用UFF力场处理, 氢键主要是静电作用, 用HF/STO-3G处理, 其余部分用AM1处理. 通过对苯取代的1,3,5-三酰胺苯的双分子构型优化, 并与晶体结构数据进行比较, 进一步说明ONIOM (HF/STO-3G:AM1:UFF)水平计算的适用性. 在此基础上, 对六烷氧基苯并菲取代的1,3,5-三酰胺苯的双分子构型进行了优化, 为解释它所形成的液晶具有较高的电荷传输能力提供了有用的信息.