磷酸硼固体酸催化合成邻苯二甲酸二乙酯的性能研究

以邻苯二甲酸酐和无水乙醇为原料,固体磷酸硼为催化剂,在醇酐比为4：1,催化剂用量为苯酐用量的20．3％,反应时间8h,反应温度80℃条件下合成邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）,探讨了影响催化剂催化效果的各个因素。实验表明,催化剂最佳的制备条件为：磷酸、硼酸和硫酸的摩尔比为1：1：1,焙烧温度为300℃,焙烧时间为3．5h。DEP最高产率可达75％。     

固体酸催化合成邻苯二甲酸二戊酯的研究

以苯酐和正戊醇为原料,采用自制的固体酸SO4^2-／SiO2、SO4^2-／Fe2O3、SO4^2-／SnO2及SO4^2-／TiO2作为催化剂合成邻苯二甲酸二戊酯（DAP）,分别考察固体酸催化剂的种类、固体酸催化剂的用量、醇酐比、反应时间等因素对合成DAP产率的影响。实验结果表明,其优化的工艺操作条件为：苯酐0．1mol,固体酸催化剂SO4^2-／SiO2 1．7g,醇酐比2．4：1,带水剂二甲苯20mL,反应时间3．5h,其产品收率达91．3％以上。SO4^2-／SnO2作为该反应的催化剂具有催化活性高、寿命长、可多次重复使用、产物易纯化分离且产品色泽浅等优点,可望代替传统的浓硫酸作催化剂应用于DAP的合成。     

用新方法催化合成6-乙酰基-1-甲基环己烯

室温下用HY沸石取代传统催化剂通过1-甲基环己烯与乙酐的酰基化反应合成了6-乙酰基-1-甲基环己烯，考察了HY沸石的SiO2／Al2O2摩尔比、用量和活化时间以及反应时间对该酰化反应的影响．当1-甲基环己烯／乙酐／HY沸石(SiO2／Al2O3摩尔比=29)=1mmol／10mmol／0．200g、反应温度25℃、反应时间3h时，所得酰化产品的产率为60％，HY沸石能够回收和重新使用，显示出与新鲜催化剂几乎相同的催化活性．     

糠酸加氢负载型催化剂的制备及催化性能

选用不同的贵金属钌、铑、钯、铂，不同的金属担载量，不同的催化剂载体氧化硅、活性炭（AC）、γ-三氧化二铝等，制备了多种负载型催化剂，采用连续操作的固定床微型反应器评价了它们的糠酸加氢催化性能．研究表明，金属钯的性价比最好，钯的最佳担载量为0．8％，最适宜的催化剂载体是γ-三氧化二铝．催化剂0．8％Pd／γ-Al2O3，具有良好的催化活性和选择性．优化了该催化剂上糠酸加氢的反应条件，结果表明，在1．0MPa、150oC、氢气空速2000h^-1、糠酸的乙酸乙酯溶液的空速4．0h^-1的条件下，糠酸转化率达100％，四氢糠酸选择性为99．0％．     

Br(o)nsted酸性离子液体催化合成阿司匹林

用Brcnsted酸性离子液体[Hmim]BF4、[bmim]HSO4和[bmim]H2PO4代替浓H2SO4为催化剂催化乙酸酐对水杨酸的乙酰化，合成阿司匹林。考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、酐／醇摩尔比对水杨酸酰化反应产率的影响和离子液体的重复使用性能。选择了最佳反应条件，以[bmim]H2PO4作为催化剂，催化剂用量为0．28g（1．18×10^-3mol），水杨酸2．762g（0．02mol），乙酸酐4．083g（0．04mol），n（酐）：n（醇）=2：1，反应时间30min，反应温度70℃，产率最高达63．43％，并且[bmim]H2PO4溶于水后通过过滤和旋蒸脱水，重复使用3次，产率无明显变化。     

固体铌酸催化下甲苯的硝化

在不同焙烧温度下制备了一系列固体铌酸催化剂。测定了固体铌酸催化剂的比表面积、表面酸强度及表面酸量。研究了催化剂焙烧温度、硝化反应时间、硝化反应温度、有无醋酐存在、硝酸浓度、催化剂的重复使用等因素对甲苯硝化反应影响。实验结果表明,当反应温度为40℃,反应时间为60 min时,以CCl4为溶剂,以质量分数为95%的硝酸为硝化剂,在醋酐存在条件下,以经300℃焙烧3 h后的铌酸作为催化剂,甲苯硝化产物中异构体的邻对比达1.26,较硝硫混酸的1.67显著降低,产物得率达99.3%。且该催化剂循环使用5次,催化活性基本不变,是一种极具应用前景的绿色硝化反应催化剂。     

固体酸ZrO2-Ce2O3／SO4^2-催化合成丙二酸二丁酯

以含铈固体超强酸ZrO2-Ce2O3／SO4^2-为催化剂，丙二酸和正丁醇为原料合成了丙二酸二丁酯。最佳反应条件为：催化剂活化温度500℃，丙二酸100mmol，n(酸)：n(醇)=1．0：2．5，催化剂用量1g,反应时间2h，酯化率达95．8％。结果表明，加入铈有助于提高固体超强酸的使用寿命。     

取代氨乙基膦酸的简便合成

以2-氯乙基膦酸和胺为原料，经一步反应合成了3种取代氨乙基膦酸，合成工艺条件为：2-氯乙基膦酸200mmol，n(2-氯乙基膦酸)：n(胺)=1：1．1，反应温度18℃，反应时间120h，pH8～10，KI作催化剂，收率78．2％～91．0％。用元素分析，IR和^1H NMR表征了标题化合物。     

铁系固体酸催化剂的制备及催化合成水杨酸酯

制备了铁系固体酸催化剂(Ⅰ)并将其用于催化合成水杨酸酯，优化了反应条件：当Ⅰ用量为投料质量的6．1％，mol酸：mol醇=1：4，适当提高反应温度，合成水杨酸戊酯的反应时间可缩短至3h，产率达91．3％。合成其它水杨酸酯时也取得很高的产率。通过对比，Ⅰ的催化酯化能力优于Fe2O3／SO4^2-固体超强酸催化剂，套用6次后催化性能基本保持不变。     

复合型固体超强酸SO4^2-／SnO2-TiO2催化合成乙酸松油酯的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了新型复合固体超强酸SO4^2-／SnO2-TiO2，通过XRD和IR对其结构进行了表征。以该固体酸为催化剂、松油醇和乙酸酐为原料合成乙酸松油酯，考察了影响反应的因素。结果表明：反应温度40-50℃、催化剂用量1．8-—2．2％、醇酐摩尔比1：1．6、反应时间4-5h是最适宜的反应条件，其松油醇转化率达到98％以上，产物中乙酸松油酯含量为88％。与普通单氧化物固体酸比较，该复合型固体酸有更高的催化活性和选择性。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.