SiO2改性超长羟基磷灰石晶须的制备及研究

通过水热共沉淀反应法成功制备出超长羟基磷灰石晶须,并通过溶解正硅酸乙酯与羟基磷灰石晶须烧结得到二氧化硅表面改性羟基磷灰石.通过X射线衍射仪(XRD),红外分析(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对样品的晶相组成、形貌、晶须长度进行了表征.结果表明:所得晶须的平均长度为230 μm,SiO2球形颗粒均匀的分布在晶须表面,其直径为600 nm,二氧化硅改性羟基磷灰石晶须可显著提高义齿基托树脂的抗拉强度.     

聚乳酸/羟基磷灰石晶须复合多孔支架的制备与性能研究

采用溶剂浇铸/真空挥发/粒子沥滤方法,采用氯化钠为造孔剂、氯仿为溶剂,最终制备出聚乳酸(PLA)/羟基磷灰石晶须(HAw)复合多孔支架.通过SEM表征了聚乳酸支架的表面形貌,用XRD、SEM、FT-IR等分析了加入不同量HAw的聚乳酸的成分、形貌以及结构特征,并研究羟基磷灰石晶须的添加量对支架的孔洞结构参数、力学性能及生物性能的影响,结果表明:可以通过控制氯化钠的粒度及用量来调节支架的孔径及孔隙率;聚乳酸(PLA)/羟基磷灰石晶须(HAw)复合多孔支架结构均匀,具有较高的孔隙率和良好的孔隙连通性;支架孔隙率在83.94;～91.08;范围内,可以满足骨组织工程对支架材料的要求;复合多孔支架的抗压强度达到5.72～ 12.73 MPa,在羟基磷灰石晶须质量比为10;时达到最大值,为12.73 MPa.     

掺镁羟基磷灰石晶须的制备与研究

以硝酸钙、硝酸镁、磷酸氢二铵为原料,在94℃恒温条件下制备出了掺镁羟基磷灰石晶须.通过XRD、FT-IR、SEM和EDS对其进行表征,结果表明:镁可以掺入羟基磷灰石晶须中,所得晶须长径比高、均一性好.     

煅烧和除碳温度对氮化硼晶须的影响

以三聚氰胺和硼酸为原料通过水浴加热合成晶须前驱体,然后经高温烧结成功制备出BN晶须.扫描电镜显示制备的BN晶须为针状结构,其直径和长径比分别为2～3 μm和40～100.通过X射线衍射分析,制备的BN晶须为六方晶相,晶格参数为a=0.2524 nm和c=0.6592 nm.红外光谱图谱表明在1383 cm-1和 812 cm-1处存在两个明显的B-N特征吸收带.晶须的烧成制度以及除碳温度对晶须形貌和性能的影响研究结果表明,当烧成温度为1700 ℃、除碳温度为600 ℃时可制备出形貌良好和结晶度高的氮化硼晶须.     

发泡法制备羟基磷灰石晶须蜂窝支架材料的研究

采用羟基磷灰石晶须为原料,以月桂酸钾作为发泡剂,羧甲基纤维素作为泡沫稳定剂,通过搅拌发泡得到陶瓷泡沫体,挤压成型及冷冻干燥处理得到陶瓷坯体,再经烧结成功制备了羟基磷灰石晶须多孔陶瓷材料.通过XRD、SEM等对烧结后的多孔陶瓷材料的成分、形貌等进行了表征,并测试了其力学性能.结果表明:750℃煅烧4h的样品为具有400 μm左右的蜂窝直通孔和140 μm的侧壁孔的蜂窝多孔陶瓷材料.采用发泡法可以成功制备出羟基磷灰石晶须多孔骨组织工程支架;且羟基磷灰石晶须多孔支架的主要成分为羟基磷灰石和二氧化硅.     

壳聚糖分子对共沉淀法合成羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖粉体材料晶体形貌的影响

采用沸腾水浴共沉淀法,以尿素为pH调节剂制备羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖(HA/CS)复合粉体材料,通过XRD、FTIR和SEM对晶体组成、形貌进行表征,考察了壳聚糖平均分子量、添加量及反应物浓度对HA/CS晶体形貌的影响.结果表明,沸腾水浴共沉淀法可在较短时间内制备HA/CS复合粉体,改变反应物浓度可使晶体形貌由针状与球状同时存在转变为几乎全部是球状晶体,而CS平均分子量和添加量的影响较小.     

混合助晶剂促进大长径比硫酸钙晶须的调控研究

以预处理后的磷石膏为原料,氯化镁、丙三醇、丙三醇/无水乙醇、丙三醇/硬脂酸为助晶剂,采用水热法制备了硫酸钙晶须,利用XRF、SEM、XRD和FT-IR分别对硫酸钙晶须的成分含量、表面形貌、物相特征等进行了表征.结果表明,混合助晶剂能够明显增大硫酸钙晶须的长径比,提高晶须合成率,改善晶须形貌.在丙三醇/无水乙醇体系中,当V(无水乙醇)/V(丙三醇)=0.8时,硫酸钙晶须的合成率为96;,长径比可达90.在丙三醇/硬脂酸体系中,当m(硬脂酸)/m(磷石膏)=2;时,硫酸钙晶须的合成率为94;,长径比可达75.     

柠檬酸钠作用下碳酸钙的制备

选取柠檬酸钠(Na3C6H5O7)为碳酸钙生长的控制剂,通过气体扩散的方法仿生合成了不同形貌的碳酸钙,并考察矿化时间对碳酸钙晶型和形貌的调控作用.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)以及X射线衍射(XRD)对所得产物进行了表征.结果表明,随着矿化时间的改变所得碳酸钙粒子的形貌发生了显著的变化,出现哑铃状、高尔夫球状、球状等形貌.     

锌离子掺杂HA晶须形成过程及其热稳定性能研究

锌离子掺杂羟基磷灰石(HA)不仅影响HA的晶体结构和微观形貌,还影响材料的热稳定性和生物学性能.本文采用水热合成法制备了锌离子掺杂HA(Zn-HA)晶须,通过XRD、FTIR和SEM等测定和研究了Zn-HA的晶体结构、形成过程、结晶形貌和热稳定性.结果表明,Zn2+掺杂量<5;时,可获得单相Zn-HA晶须;当Zn2+掺量为5;时,合成产物中开始有少量的CaZn2(PO4)2·2H2O杂质相生成;当增加至8;时,开始有明显的Zn(PO3)2杂质峰出现.随水热合成温度的增加,溶液的OH-不断释放,伴随HA晶核的形成和生长,还有极少量的CaZn2(PO4)2·2H2O和Ca3(PO4)2杂质相,并通过溶解再沉淀生成Zn-HA.当Zn2+的掺杂量在0～8;时,随着Zn2+掺杂量的增加,样品的结晶度逐渐降低,晶格常数a值有所增加,c值基本不变.Zn2+掺杂HA晶须在>800℃的环境下热处理,Zn2+掺杂量的增加和热处理温度的改变都会促进HA晶须向β-TCP转化,形成双相磷酸钙.     

三水碳酸镁合成与形貌演变过程研究

设计正交实验,以MgCl2·6H2O和NH4HCO3为原料,采用低温水热法合成三水碳酸镁晶须.通过改变实验条件,实现了对三水碳酸镁晶须形貌的调控.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对产物结构和形貌进行了表征.结果表明:反应温度40～ 50℃、n(Mg2+)∶n(HCO3-)=1∶2.2、pH =8.8 ～9.0、搅拌速度130 r/min、陈化时间3h、反应时间70 min,制备出的MgCO3·3H2O晶须呈一维针状,沉降性能好,长径比可达29.60.最优实验条件同样适用于卤水资源体系.     

Relationship of Morphological Types of Dynamic Forms of Crystals

Crystallography Reports - The relationship of morphological spectra (sets of data on the morphological types of real polyhedral crystals and their probabilities under current physicochemical...     

Development of Pauling's concepts of geometric characteristics of atoms

The evolution of the geometric characteristics introduced by Pauling and their dependence on the specific features of the structure and chemical bonds have been considered. The values of the covalent and van der Waals radii are given as well as their relationships and mutual transitions.     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

A SAXS study of kinetics of aggregation of silica sols

SAXS in situ experiments on the evolution of TMOS solutions during hydrolysis and polycondensation lead to power laws with scaling exponents ≈ 2. It is suggested that this could be the result of the polydispersity of the samples and that only an apparent fractal dimension can be obtained in this way. Kinetic studies tend to indicate that agglomeration in the sol is the result of a diffusion-controlled process.     

Generation of crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds by the method of discrete modeling of packings

Within the method of discrete modeling of packings, an algorithm of generation of possible crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds containing two or three molecules in the primitive unit cell, one of which has an arbitrary shape and the other (two others) has a shape close to spherical, is proposed. On the basis of this algorithm, a software package for personal computers is developed. This package has been approved for a number of compounds, investigated previously by X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of generation of structures of five compounds—four organic salts (with one or two spherical anions) and one solvate—are represented.     

Study of the possibility of interactive control of the surface profile of X-ray optical elements

We investigate the possibility of controlling the curvature parameters of parabolic mirrors that are modular elements of two types consisting of a base and thin inserts placed at the opposite side of the work surface. In the first type of modular elements, bending is controlled by the difference in the coefficients of the thermal expansion of the base and inserts. In the second type of elements, the profile is changed by the piezoelectric straining of the inserts under an electric field. A correlation is established between the parameters of modular elements and their surface curvature profile.     

Investigation of the Mechanism of Influence of Stress Corrosion on the Development of Macroplastic Instabilities of Aluminum–Magnesium Alloy

Crystallography Reports - Macroscopic jumps of plastic deformation (few percent in amplitude) on creep curves of aluminum–magnesium alloy, caused by a local effect of concentrated solution of...     

Mechanism of thermal expansion of structural modifications of zinc pyrovanadate

Crystal chemical characteristics of the α and β modifications of Zn₂V₂O₇ are calculated based on in situ high-temperature X-ray measurements. The expansion of the structure is found to be strongly anisotropic up to the negative volumetric thermal expansion of the α-Zn₂V₂O₇ unit cell in the temperature range of 300–600°С, α _V =–17.94 × 10^–6 1/K. The transformations of the “hard” and “soft” sublattices with an increase temperature and at the phase transition are considered in detail. It is shown that the negative volumetric thermal expansion of α-Zn₂V₂O₇ is due to the degeneracy of the zigzag-like shape of zinc–oxygen columns at constant distances between their vertices.     

Dependence of the parameters of equations of viscous flow on chemical composition of silicate melts

The temperature dependence of viscosity of silicate melts is discussed in the framework of the Avramov–Milchev (AM) equation. The composition is described by means of two parameters: the molar fraction, x, and the “lubricant fraction”, l. The molar fraction is the sum of the molar parts x_i of all oxides dissolved in SiO₂, the molar fraction of the latter being 1 ? x. It is shown that, with sufficient precision, two of the parameters of the AM equation can be presented as unique functions of the molar fraction. On the other hand, x is not sufficient to determine properly the reference temperature T_r , at which viscosity is η_r = 10¹³ [dPa.s]. Therefore, additional parameter, “lubricant fraction” l, is introduced. For each of the components, l_i is a product of molar part x_i and a specific dimensionless coefficient 0 ≤ k_i ≤ 1 accounting for the specific contribution of this component to the increased mobility of the system. It is demonstrated that, for l > 0, the reference temperature is related to the “lubricant fraction” l through the reference temperature T_r,SiO2 of pure SiO₂.     

Comparative analysis of two methods of calculation of the orientation of domain walls in ferroelastics

Two types of domain-wall equations are analyzed: the equations derived by the Sapriel method and the equations obtained by interface matching of the thermal-expansion tensor. It is shown that, for W-type domain walls, these methods yield the same equations. For W′-type domain walls, the equations obtained by different methods coincide for proper ferroelastics and differ for improper ferroelastics.