95氧化铝瓷凝胶注模浆料的制备及氧阻聚的抑制

本文研究95氧化铝瓷凝胶注模成型中浆料的流变性.分析了pH值、分散剂用量、球磨时间对浆料粘度的影响.采用L_9(3~4)正交试验,制备出固相含量为58 vol;,粘度为110 mPa · s的95氧化铝瓷浆料.针对表面氧阻聚,本文通过表面改性的方法,既不增加坯体内有机物的含量,也不降低坯体的强度,使坯体表面不起皮、不剥落.结果显示:通过坯体性能参数和显微结构的比较,凝胶注模的95氧化铝瓷坯体性能均优于热压铸成型的坯体性能.     

低温制备≥99.5;多晶氧化铝陶瓷

本文通过引入稀土氧化物Y2O3、Tm2O3为烧结助剂低温制备了氧化铝含量大于99.5;的多晶氧化铝陶瓷.实验表明:稀土氧化物的加入能够明显降低99.5;多晶氧化铝陶瓷的烧结温度,提高致密度.Y2O3、Tm2O3混合烧结助剂与单一稀土氧化物的烧结助剂相比能够明显抑制晶粒的生长,促进晶粒的均匀发育.当Y2O3+Tm2O3的含量为0.3;质量分数时,99.5;多晶氧化铝陶瓷的相对密度可达99.2;理论密度,抗弯强度为533MPa,显微硬度为17.2GPa.陶瓷断裂主要以穿晶断裂为主.     

铬锰复合掺杂对氧化铝陶瓷真空耐压性能的影响

在掺有0.5wt; Cr2O3的95;氧化铝瓷基础上掺入0～1.5wt;的MnO2,研究了铬锰复合掺杂即MnO2掺入量对氧化铝陶瓷物相、显微结构、烧结性能、电阻率、介电常数和真空耐压性能的影响.结果表明,MnO2掺杂通过固溶进Al2O3晶格,促进了95;氧化铝陶瓷的烧结和晶粒生长,提高了显微结构的均匀性和致密性.随着MnO2掺入量的增加,材料的电阻率明显下降,介电常数略微减小.铬锰复合掺杂对氧化铝陶瓷真空耐压性能的影响与MnO2的掺入量密切相关.在掺0.5wt; Cr2O3的情况下,当MnO2掺入量为1～1.5wt;时,材料的闪络电压高于未掺杂MnO2的样品,掺1.5wt; MnO2样品的闪络电压最高,达54 kV/cm.     

龙泉青瓷原矿对成瓷特性的影响

以龙泉本地矿物黄石玄土、浦城土、宝溪土和竹乡土为主要原料,采用传统制瓷工艺制备龙泉青瓷.通过多元素快速分析仪、XRD和SEM对所用龙泉青瓷原矿的化学组成和成瓷显微的结构进行研究分析;利用K2 O-Al2 O3-SiO2系统相图对龙泉青瓷的成瓷特性进行研究.结果表明:龙泉青瓷瓷坯的物相组成主要是石英、莫来石,以及少量玻璃相和气孔,坯釉中间层发育良好,不存在明显界面.     

晶硅切割废粉为原料的反应烧结Si3N4结合SiC复相陶瓷的工艺研究

以晶硅切割废料Si粉和SiC为原料,Y2O3-Al2O3-Fe2O3为复合烧结助剂,反应烧结法制备低压铸造升液管用Si3N4/SiC复相陶瓷材料.设计L9(34)正交实验,研究了原料中Si、助剂Al2O3、Y2O3和Fe2O3的含量对陶瓷材料力学性能的影响和优化.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对复合材料的相组成、断口形貌进行分析.结果表明,反应烧结后试样生成Si3N4结合SiC晶粒为主相的烧结体,并含有少量SiALON及未反应的Si.Si含量对力学性能的影响最为显著,通过对正交试验的验证,20wt; Si、3.2wt; Al2O3、0.8wt;Fe2O3和2wt; Y2O3时烧结体抗弯强度最高.     

凝胶注模成型Al2O3陶瓷的显微结构及力学性能研究

以Al2O3粉为原料,TiO2+MgO为烧结助剂,琼脂糖为单体,聚丙烯酸铵为分散剂,利用凝胶注模及无压烧结工艺制备了Al2O3陶瓷.研究了琼脂糖固化机制、烧结助剂作用机理以及琼脂糖含量对Al2O3陶瓷坯体及烧结体的显微结构及力学性能的影响规律.试验结果表明,琼脂糖利用内部氢键的结合,形成三维网络状结构,将Al2O3粉原位凝固成型.TiO2+MgO烧结助剂使材料实现了液相烧结机制,有利于降低材料的烧结温度及促进致密化进程.随着琼脂糖含量增加,坯体的致密度、坯体及烧结体的抗弯强度均呈先增大后减小趋势.当琼脂糖含量为0.5wt;时,Al2O3陶瓷的抗弯强度达到最大值.     

碳吸附沉淀法Y2O3纳米粉体的制备及其光催化性能的研究

利用碳吸附沉淀法合成Y2O3纳米粉体.采用TG-DTA、XRD、TEM、BET、UV-Vis和粒度分析等测试方法分别对粉体进行了表征.结果表明,750℃下焙烧的Y2O3粉体具有良好的分散状态,晶粒度为16.7 nm,颗粒范围为34～45 nm,比表面积为75.7 m2/g.与氨水直接沉淀制得的Y2O3粉体相比,碳吸附沉淀法制备的Y2O3粉体在紫外光下有良好的光催化活性,80 min内对甲基橙的降解率达78;.     

纳米Y2O3悬浮液流变性能及注浆成型研究

以比表面积为18.1 m2/g的纳米粉体Y2O3为原料,柠檬酸铵(TAC)作为分散剂制备Y2O3悬浮液,研究TAC含量、pH值、球磨时间及固相含量对Y2 O3悬浮液流变性能的影响.结果表明:加入2.2;(质量分数)的TAC,调节悬浮液的pH值为9.4～11.5,球磨8 h可以获得分散稳定的Y2 O3悬浮液;悬浮液的粘度随固相含量的增加而增大,对不同固相含量的悬浮液进行注浆成型,发现固相含量为33;(体积分数)的悬浮液致密度最高.与传统的模压成型工艺相比,注浆成型得到的坯体中粉体颗粒分散均一.     

Y2O3-Al2O3含量对Si3N4陶瓷相组成、致密化、显微结构和力学性能的影响

以α-Si3N4粉为原料,通过添加不同含量的Y2O3-Al2O3烧结助剂(6wt;、8wt;和10wt;),在1800℃下采用热压烧结制备了Si3 N4陶瓷,研究了Y2 O3-Al2 O3含量对Si3 N4陶瓷的物相、致密度、显微结构与力学性能的影响,结果表明:添加6wt;的Y2 O3-Al2 O3助剂即可获得高致密的Si3 N4陶瓷,继续增加助剂含量对Si3 N4陶瓷的致密度影响不大,但是显著影响 α-Si3 N4相和β-Si3 N4相的含量,较高的Y2 O3-Al2 O3助剂含量有利于α-Si3 N4转化为β-Si3 N4.不依赖于Y2 O3-Al2 O3助剂含量,Si3 N4陶瓷均包含细小的等轴晶粒和大尺寸的棒状晶粒,呈现双峰结构,但是Y2 O3-Al2 O3助剂含量增加到10wt;时,可以显著增加棒状晶粒的数量,形成更显著的双峰结构.基于当前研究,发现加入低含量的Y2O3-Al2O3助剂(6wt;),可以获得高硬度高强度的Si3N4陶瓷,而引入高含量的Y2O3-Al2O3助剂(10wt;),则可以获得高韧性高强度的Si3N4陶瓷.     

工业级氢氧化铝制备高韧性氧化铝陶瓷及机理分析

采用价格低廉的工业氢氧化铝粉为初始原料,通过球磨介质磨耗向氢氧化铝中引入高纯α-Al2O3作为晶种,通过热压烧结,氧化铝晶粒原位异向生长成长柱状和板状的晶粒,从而在瓷体的断裂过程中产生裂纹桥接、偏转和晶粒拔出的增韧机制,使制备出的氧化铝陶瓷断裂韧性得到了显著的提高.在热压烧结压力为30 MPa、1600 ℃烧结2 h制备的氧化铝烧结体,其抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别为550 MPa、6.08 MPa·m1/2.     

Science for the small and the tall,the young and the old

Public engagement becomes increasingly important for scientists. One reason is the demand of the taxpayer to know what her or his money is being spent on, and why. The other one is that in a world that increasingly relies on technology, student engagement even at a very young age becomes a target to assure the needed supply of well-educated and especially motivated scientists for the decades to come. And it falls on the older generation of current researchers to leave the comfort of their lab once in a while, to awaken the interest for science among the population. Many people may know that there is a ‘liquid crystal’ in their mobile (cell) phone display, but when prompted, no one really knows what that liquid crystal actually is, let alone how the display they use many times every day, actually works in principle. It is part of our job to change this. In this contribution Valentina Domenici and Ingo Dierking would like to report on two recent Science Festival events in which they took part, one held in Genoa, Italy, and the other in Manchester, UK.     

On the role of the porous shell of the solid core of the earth in the anomalous heat and mass flow to the mantle

The model of the pressure-induced first-order phase transition of a metal melt to the metallicglass state considers a thermodynamically nonequilibrium porous near-surface shell of the solid core of the Earth, which contacts cyclonic vortices in the liquid core. Anomalous flows of heat and light-material mass to the mantle from the solid core at these contact points are calculated. These anomalous flows are shown to be comparable with the observed ones under the assumption of a rapid increase in the melt viscosity at pressures of 1–10 Mbar, which is characteristic of a solid core. In this case, the porous layer permeability may be very low.     

On the dependence of the surface tension at the crystal-melt interface on the impurity concentration

The stationary task of impurity diffusion in a melt has been solved within a two-dimensional crystallization model in a second-order approximation with respect to the amplitude of deviation from a smooth crystallization front. The dependence of the surface tension Γ at the interface on the impurity concentration C is taken into account in the form Γ = Γ₀ + ζ _d C, where Γ₀ and ζ _d are constants. The variational method is used to obtain the condition for the transition from a smooth crystallization front to a cellular one. It is shown that calculated cell sizes are in agreement with the experimental data in the literature only when the parameter ζ _d ≠ 0. For binary systems with distribution coefficients k < 1 and k > 1, ζ _d should be positive and negative, respectively.

     

On the inhomogeneity of the transition surface layer of the solid core of the earth

Different geophysical data and conclusions of theoretical models, which can give information about the behavior of the solid and liquid cores of the Earth as well as about the existence of a transition layer as a temperature-hysteresis region at a relatively weak first-order phase transition, are compared. It is concluded that liquid inclusions inevitably exist in this region; these inclusions are involved (due to the complex convective processes occurring in the liquid core) in the transport of light materials from some areas of the solid-core surface. The porosity and permeability of the transition layer determine the seismic acoustic inhomogeneities in these areas, which contact the convective flows in the liquid core. In particular, this explains the well-known ??east-west?? effect. Obviously, the model of the crystalline core is not the only possible alternative for a model of a core with a metallic glasslike structure.     

On the entropy difference between the vitreous and the crystalline state

The paper deals with the entropy difference between frozen-in phases and their equilibrium counterparts. First, the nature of data compiled in thermochemical data collections are briefly reviewed, comprising data for non-equilibrium phases. Then, experimental evidence from earlier literature is compiled showing that the conventional entropy of a frozen-in phase at zero Kelvin assumes a non-zero residual value S(0). Based on calorimetric data from multiple sources, the same evidence is elaborated for diopside glass, yielding S_glass(0) = 24.8 ± 3 J/(mol K), a value reproducing a result publishes earlier. The zero Kelvin enthalpy of this glass is H_glass(0) = 81±8 kJ/mol. For S_glass(0), a structural interpretation in terms of silicate chain mixing is proposed, yielding a lower threshold for S_glass(0). From the point of view of statistical mechanics, non-zero residual entropies of frozen-in phases can be derived from ensemble averages, however, not from time averages.     

Investigations of the Chemical Composition of the Metal Finds from the Levadki Necropolis

Crystallography Reports - Copper-based alloy items of the III century A.D., found in Burial no. 182 of the Late-Scythian Levadki necropolis in the submountain Crimea, have been investigated. The...     

二价阳离子掺入KDP晶体能力的研究

本文旨在寻找影响杂质阳离子进入KDP晶体能力的因素,我们使用分析纯的KH2PO4和超纯水(电阻率≥18.2MΩ·cm)为原料,分别加入BaCl2·2H2O,CuCl2·2H2O和MgCl2·6H2O,通过降温方式快速生长出KDP晶体.结果表明,cu2+及Mg2+在晶体中的含量基本保持不变,不随其在生长溶液中量的增大而增大,cu2+在晶体中的含量大于Mg2+在晶体中的含量;不同的是,Ba2+在晶体中的含量随着其在生长溶液中量增大而增大.从实验结果我们推断出离子半径和离子水合热是影响二价杂质阳离子在水溶液晶体生长过程中进入KDP晶体能力的重要因素.