热压烧结制备羟基磷灰石/透辉石陶瓷复合材料

采用热压烧结方法制备了羟基磷灰石/透辉石复相陶瓷材料,分析了羟基磷灰石基体与透辉石之间的界面结合、扩展及渗透过程,测试了复合材料的断裂韧性、硬度、抗弯强度与添加剂含量的对应关系,并对复相陶瓷材料的微观结构与力学性能进行了研究.结果表明:在1320℃,28MPa条件下热压烧结制备的复相陶瓷材料,其抗弯强度、断裂韧性均有明显提高,抗弯强度达到90MPa,断裂韧性达到1.07MPa·m1/2.     

低温烧结3Y-TZP陶瓷的研究

以不同质量分数的MnO2-TiO2(质量比为1:1)为烧结助剂,在1300～1500 ℃下低温烧结制备了3Y-TZP陶瓷.对3Y-TZP陶瓷的相对密度、物相及显微结构、显微硬度、抗弯强度及断裂韧性进行了测试分析,并对烧结助剂的基本性能进行了表征.探究了烧结助剂及烧结温度对3Y-TZP陶瓷性能的影响.实验结果表明:在3Y-TZP陶瓷中加入烧结助剂MnO2-TiO2(质量比为1:1)可以实现低温烧结.试样的相对密度、显微硬度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性随烧结温度的升高先增大后降低.在烧结助剂为0.5wt;,烧结温度为1350 ℃时,试样的相对密度及力学性能都达到最大,在此条件下,试样的相对密度达97.16;,显微硬度为2032.8 HV,抗弯强度为300 MPa,断裂韧性为8.35 MPa· m1/2,且试样的断裂方式为晶粒拔出及晶粒断裂遵循着穿-沿晶断裂的模式,且晶粒极小.     

反应热压烧结制备SiC/ZrB2复相陶瓷及其性能表征

以二硼化锆、硅和活性碳为原材料,在1850℃、20 MPa条件下,采用反应热压烧结工艺制备出了SiC/ZrB2陶瓷基复合材料.研究了添加剂(硅和活性碳)含量对ZrB2陶瓷烧结行为和力学性能的影响.借助X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析了复合材料的物相组成和微观结构.研究结果表明:添加剂可以显著提高复合材料的烧结致密度和力学性能.复合材料的XRD衍射图谱中只有ZrB2和SiC的衍射峰.当添加剂含量为12wt;时,复合材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别达到584MPa和7.25MPa ·m1/2.显微结构分析表明,致密度的提高、晶粒粒径的减小以及断裂模式的转变是复合材料力学性能提高的主要原因.     

热压工艺对Ti(C,N)基纳米复合金属陶瓷模具材料力学性能与微观结构的影响

采用真空热压烧结工艺制备了Ti(C,N)基纳米复合金属陶瓷模具材料,并研究了该模具材料的力学性能与微观结构.结果表明,当烧结温度为1450℃,保温时间为10 min时,模具材料的硬度、断裂韧性和抗弯强度分别为14.57 GPa、8.6 MPa·m1/2和1144 MPa;当烧结温度为1450℃,保温时间为30 min时,模具材料的硬度、断裂韧性和抗弯强度分别为16.29 GPa、7.53 MPa·m1/2和1035 MPa.在这两种烧结工艺下制备的模具材料均具有良好的综合力学性能,烧结工艺得到优化,可以满足不同硬度材料的成型需求.在对模具材料的微观结构分析时发现,模具材料的断裂方式是以沿晶断裂为主的穿晶与沿晶断裂的混合断裂模式.     

低温制备≥99.5;多晶氧化铝陶瓷

本文通过引入稀土氧化物Y2O3、Tm2O3为烧结助剂低温制备了氧化铝含量大于99.5;的多晶氧化铝陶瓷.实验表明:稀土氧化物的加入能够明显降低99.5;多晶氧化铝陶瓷的烧结温度,提高致密度.Y2O3、Tm2O3混合烧结助剂与单一稀土氧化物的烧结助剂相比能够明显抑制晶粒的生长,促进晶粒的均匀发育.当Y2O3+Tm2O3的含量为0.3;质量分数时,99.5;多晶氧化铝陶瓷的相对密度可达99.2;理论密度,抗弯强度为533MPa,显微硬度为17.2GPa.陶瓷断裂主要以穿晶断裂为主.     

BN织构陶瓷的制备与力学性能研究

以片状的BN为基体粉料,采用流延成型工艺结合热压烧结制备BN织构陶瓷,并对其结构、断面形貌以及力学性能进行了研究.实验结果表明,BN晶粒选择沿(002)晶面择优定向排列.织构陶瓷的力学性能呈现出明显的各向异性: 当加载方向垂直于片层时,弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别为53.75 MPa 和1.51 MPa·m1/2,均优于水平方向的力学性能.垂直方向上良好的性能归因于加载时片状颗粒引起的裂纹偏转.     

基于多元晶粒生长抑制效应的Al2O3-TiC复相陶瓷的制备与性能研究

基于多元晶粒生长抑制效应,利用热压烧结方法制备了细晶高致密的Al2O3-TiC复相陶瓷.研究发现,仅利用第二相TiC的晶界钉扎效应,即使其含量高达30wt;,也不能有效地抑制Al2O3基体的晶粒生长.在TiC作为第二相的基础上,引入微量MgO和Y2O3,通过TiC晶界钉扎、MgO溶质滞阻和Y2O3晶界偏析等多元晶粒生长抑制作用,Al2O3基体晶粒尺寸从5.12 μm显著减小到1.82 μm,Al2O3-TiC复相陶瓷的断裂韧性从3.99±0.18 MPa·m1/2提高到5.24±0.22 MPa·m1/2.研究结果表明:利用多元晶粒生长抑制效应的协同作用,可显著细化Al2O3基复相陶瓷的显微结构,改善其力学性能.     

Yb2O3-Al2O3烧结助剂对气压烧结氮化硅陶瓷性能的影响

以Yb2O3-Al2O3体系为烧结助剂,采用气压烧结法制备了氮化硅陶瓷.研究了烧结温度对气压烧结氮化硅陶瓷的致密度、失重率、物相、力学性能与显微结构的影响及材料的烧结机理.结果表明:随着烧结温度的升高,氮化硅的致密度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性和硬度均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,而失重率呈现一直升高的趋势;当烧结温度为1780℃、烧结气压为6 MPa时,所得氮化硅烧结体的体积密度(3.31 g·cm-3)、抗弯强度(967.2)、断裂韧性(8.9 MPa·m1/2)和硬度(17.1 GPa)达最大值,晶粒以长柱状的β相为主;烧结温度高于或等于1700℃时,材料中的α相可完全转化为β相,β-Si3 N4晶粒的平均长径比达12.31.     

水基流延成型和热压烧结制备碳化硼陶瓷及性能研究

以工业碳化硼粉末为原料、采用Si3N4磨球磨损法引入Si3N4烧结助剂,采用水基流延成型和热压烧结方法制备了碳化硼陶瓷.研究了氧含量、分散剂、pH值等因素对B4C陶瓷浆料分散性能的影响,采用XRD、SEM等对碳化硼陶瓷的物相、显微结构和第二相分布进行了表征,并测试了样品的维氏硬度、断裂韧性、抗弯强度和弹性模量.结果表明:经醇洗后的碳化硼粉末中氧化硼含量降低,有利于B4C陶瓷浆料的分散稳定.采用球磨磨损引入了Si3N4粉,在B4C基体中通过原位反应形成第二相SiC和BN,SiC和BN第二相颗粒在B4C基体中弥散分布均匀.在2100 ℃热压烧结样品的维氏硬度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性和弹性模量分别达到30.2 GPa、596.5 MPa、3.36 MPa·m1/2和362.3 GPa.     

Si对热压烧结B4C陶瓷材料显微结构与性能的影响

采用Si作为烧结助剂,利用热压烧结技术烧结制备了SiB6-B4C陶瓷复合材料.采用热力学计算、XRD物相分析,结合SEM图片,探讨了Si-B4C陶瓷的烧结过程和机理.结果表明:Si有助于促进B4C陶瓷的致密化烧结,原位生成的SiB6有助于B4C陶瓷机械性能的提高;Si的最佳加入量为10wt;;预烧处理对Si-B4C陶瓷烧结有利,1000 ～ 1400℃预烧8h后制备的B4C陶瓷弯曲强度447.3 MPa,断裂韧性4.42 MPa· m1/2,HRA硬度为94.     

On the inhomogeneity of the transition surface layer of the solid core of the earth

Different geophysical data and conclusions of theoretical models, which can give information about the behavior of the solid and liquid cores of the Earth as well as about the existence of a transition layer as a temperature-hysteresis region at a relatively weak first-order phase transition, are compared. It is concluded that liquid inclusions inevitably exist in this region; these inclusions are involved (due to the complex convective processes occurring in the liquid core) in the transport of light materials from some areas of the solid-core surface. The porosity and permeability of the transition layer determine the seismic acoustic inhomogeneities in these areas, which contact the convective flows in the liquid core. In particular, this explains the well-known ??east-west?? effect. Obviously, the model of the crystalline core is not the only possible alternative for a model of a core with a metallic glasslike structure.     

On the role of the porous shell of the solid core of the earth in the anomalous heat and mass flow to the mantle

The model of the pressure-induced first-order phase transition of a metal melt to the metallicglass state considers a thermodynamically nonequilibrium porous near-surface shell of the solid core of the Earth, which contacts cyclonic vortices in the liquid core. Anomalous flows of heat and light-material mass to the mantle from the solid core at these contact points are calculated. These anomalous flows are shown to be comparable with the observed ones under the assumption of a rapid increase in the melt viscosity at pressures of 1–10 Mbar, which is characteristic of a solid core. In this case, the porous layer permeability may be very low.     

Influence of the Crystal Structure of the Nucleus on the Morphology of t-ZnO Tetrapods

Crystallography Reports - A new approach to simulating the morphology of hierarchical nanocrystals has been proposed on the example of ZnO nanotetrapods. Within this approach, twinning is...     

Features of the magnetic state of the layered Fe-V nanostructure of the superconductor-ferromagnet type

The magnetic state of the V(39 nm)/20 [V(3 nm)/Fe(3 nm)] nanostructure has been investigated by polarized neutron reflectometry in the temperature range from 1.6 to 30 K in magnetic fields from 0.2 to 15 kOe. The data obtained indicate that the superconductivity of vanadium layers may affect magnetic ordering both over the depth of the structure and in its plane.     

Study of the influence of the rare-earth elements on the properties of lead iodide

Lead iodide (PbI₂) shows excellent electronic properties for detection of ionizing radiation. We report the introduction of rare-earth elements and other elements as admixtures during synthesis to study their influence on the quality of single crystals. Synthesized material as well as single crystals have been characterized by measurements of electrical resistivity and low-temperature photo luminescence and index of refraction. The structural quality with respect to polytypes was analysed by electron back scatter diffraction. Makyoh topography was applied for surface studies.     

Effect of the temperature on the TMOS sono-hydrolysis and a study of the structure of the resulting aged sonogels

The effect of temperature on the oxalic acid catalyzed sono-hydrolysis of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) was studied by means of a heat flux calorimetric method. The activation energy of the process was measured as (24.5 ± 0.8) kJ/mol in the temperature range between 10 and 50 °C. The structural characteristics of the resulting sonogels, after long period of aging in saturated conditions, were studied by means of small angle X-ray scattering. The structure can be described as formed by ∼2.7 nm mean size mass fractal-like aggregates (clusters) of primary silica particles of ∼0.3 nm mean size, all imbibed in a liquid phase. The average mass fractal dimension of the clusters was found to be 2.58. The primary particle density was estimated as 2.23 g/cm³, in good agreement with the value frequently quoted for fused silica. The volume fraction of the clusters in the saturated sonogels was estimated as about 28%. The moment in which the meniscus of the liquid phase penetrates into the clusters under rapid evaporation process has been detected by an inflection in the first derivative of the curve of weight loss in a simple thermogravimetric test.     

Ordering of cations in the voids of the anionic framework of the crystal structure of catapleiite

The pseudohexagonal crystal structure of the mineral catapleiite Na_1.5Ca_0.2[ZrSi₃(O,OH)₉] · 2(H₂O,F) from the Zhil’naya Valley in the central part of the Khibiny alkaline massif (Kola Peninsula, Russia) is studied by X-ray diffraction (XCalibur-S diffractometer, R = 0.0346): a = 20.100(4), b = 25.673(5), and c = 14.822(3) Å; space group Fdd2, Z = 32, and ρ_calcd = 2.76 g/cm³. Fluorine atoms substituting part of H₂O molecules in open channels of the crystal structure have been found for the first time in the catapleiite composition by microprobe analysis. The pattern of distribution of Na and Ca atoms over the voids of the mixed anionic framework consisting of Zr-octahedra and three-membered rings of Si-tetrahedra accounts for the pronounced pseudoperiodicity along the a and c axes of the pseudohexagonal unit cell and for the lowering of crystal symmetry to the orthorhombic one. It is shown that part of the hydrogen atoms of water molecules is statistically disordered; their distribution correlates with the pattern of the population of large eight-vertex polyhedra by Na and Ca atoms.     

Investigations of the Chemical Composition of the Metal Finds from the Levadki Necropolis

Crystallography Reports - Copper-based alloy items of the III century A.D., found in Burial no. 182 of the Late-Scythian Levadki necropolis in the submountain Crimea, have been investigated. The...     

Experimental Investigations of the Conditions for the Formation of the Liquid Crystalline State of Polymers

The diagrams of state for concentrated PBG solution in coordinates relating volume fraction-geometric asymmetry and volume fraction-temperature are investigated. The order parameter for macromolecules in the anisortropic phase is dettermined. The experimental data compare with the existing theoretical models for th formation of the liquid crystalline state in solutions of stiff polymer molecule. It is shown that experimental data are in good quantitative agreement with the Flory's lattice model.