列车荷载作用下黏弹性半空间体的随机动力响应

针对列车荷载作用下黏弹性半空间体响应的问题,利用虚拟激励法将系统的随机分析转化为确定性分析。根据列车荷载构造了相应的虚拟激励形式,通过傅里叶积分变换法把半空间体控制方程转入波数-频率域,并推导获得了系统虚拟响应的积分形式解。当相速度接近或大于瑞利波速时,积分形式解中被积函数往往具有奇异性和高振荡性,使得数值计算相当困难。对此,将被积函数图形化以确定函数的积分限,并通过自适应数值积分算法解决被积函数的振荡性。数值算例中,进行了随机列车荷载作用下半空间体的响应分析,讨论了荷载移动速度及频率等参数变化对响应的影响,给出了响应的时间和空间分布规律。本文方法可进一步推广至移动矩形荷载等载荷模型,对移动荷载作用下环境振动行为预测具有很好的借鉴意义。     

高速移动荷载下黏弹性半空间体的动力响应

分别以移动荷载和黏弹性半空间体模拟运动列车荷载和地基,分析了地基在运动列车作用下的动力响应.首先采用Green函数法求解黏弹性半空间体在各种移动荷载模式作用下的动力响应的解析解,包括恒常和简谐移动点源、线源和面源荷载.然后采用IFFT算法和自适应数值积分算法计算解析解中的二维积分,得到了包括低音速、跨音速和超音速移动荷载作用下位移的数值结果.最后分析了速度对位移的分布和最大值的影响,发现当速度大于Rayleigh波速时,位移发生显著变化.     

梁式结构受移动荷载作用非平稳随机振动的DQ-PEM方法

针对梁式结构受移动荷载作用的非平稳随机振动问题,提出了一种综合利用微分求积法和虚拟激励法DQ-PEM的新方法。梁式结构受移动荷载作用的振动控制方程为含Dirac函数的偏微分方程,利用微分求积(DQ)-积分求积法(IQ)法将其振动控制方程转化为不含Dirac函数的常微分方程。同时,将表示荷载位置变化的Dirac函数视为移动荷载的非平稳化函数,再结合虚拟激励法的思想,可得梁式结构在确定性荷载作用下的虚拟响应,进而得到其非平稳随机响应。通过工程算例验证了该方法的准确性与有效性,并进一步讨论了不同速度和不同边界条件下梁式结构受移动荷载作用的随机振动问题。     

桥梁结构移动平稳随机荷载识别新方法

移动的平稳随机荷载对简支梁的作用,相当于固定的调制函数已知的非平稳随机荷载对简支梁结构的作用.本文以此为基础,研究了移动平稳随机荷载的识别问题.首先基于虚拟激励法的思想,利用特征值分解及奇异值分解技术,由虚拟位移响应反演虚拟广义坐标,有效地避免了矩阵求逆,得到高精度的广义坐标谱;同时利用Wiener-Khintchine关系及Duhamel积分,由广义坐标谱值反演得到平稳随机激励谱密度.仿真算例表明,只要适当地选取参振振型及测点位置,本文方法可以有效地识别桥梁结构的移动平稳随机荷载.     

正交各向异性地基平面问题动力响应研究

以位移分量为基本未知量,在直角坐标系下建立正交各向异性地基的平面应变问题动力偏微分方程．采用Laplace-Fourier变换和逆变换方法,引入初始条件和边界条件,推导了任意形式表面动荷载作用下正交各向异性地基平面问题在时域内动力反应的积分形式解．基于理论解,编制了相应的计算程序,并对正交各向异性土
体表面作用线性移动谐振荷载进行了算例分析,研究了土体参数、荷载移动速度、荷载频率不同而导致的土体表面各点竖向位移幅值的变化规律,以及荷载速度对竖向应力分量的影响规律．数值分析结果表明：土体的各向异性、荷载频率和移动速度对表面位移幅值有较大影响,土体阻尼比对于荷载中心点附近的位移幅值影响较小;荷载移动速度对于竖向应力分量有较大影响,这对工程实践具有重要指导意义．     

移动简谐力作用下三维多孔饱和半空间的动力问题

研究了移动荷载作用下多孔饱和地基的动力问题.应用Fourier变换求解该问题的控制偏微分方程,考虑了荷载的移动速度及振动频率对多孔饱和地基动力响应的影响,重点研究了移动速度达地基表面波速时多孔饱和半空间的振动问题(马赫效应),并与相应的弹性介质的解答进行了比较.结果显示当移动速度与多孔饱和半空间的表面波速相近时,地基会产生很大的振动;当移动速度大于表面波速时,多孔饱和半空间的动力响应与弹性半空间的动力响应有较大的差别.     

交通载荷作用下跨海桥梁-电缆组合结构随机振动分析

电缆沿桥跨海铺设是海缆铺设的一种新的形式, 针对由汽车和列车交通载荷诱发的沿跨海桥梁敷设电缆的振动问题, 建立了桥梁-电缆的整体组合结构分析模型, 将汽车和列车的作用载荷简化为移动的随机集中载荷序列, 发展虚拟激励法(pseudo-excitation method, PEM)用于分析移动随机载荷作用下电缆位移和应力响应的标准差及演变功率谱 (power spectral density, PSD), 并研究了汽车和列车运行速度对电缆动力响应标准差的影响. PEM将移动随机载荷问题转化为特定频率简谐移动载荷作用下的动力响应分析, 能够计算得到与Monte Carlo (MC) 方法非常吻合的电缆动力响应标准差, 但所需的时域响应分析次数远少于MC方法. 数值结果表明, 随着汽车和列车运行速度的提升, 电缆位移和应力标准差呈现增大的趋势; 在汽车和列车交通载荷作用下, 铝护套的位移标准差和功率谱的值比缆芯要大, 这可能会使得电缆的疲劳破坏首先发生在铝护套层, 本文工作对电缆沿桥跨海铺设实际工程具有一定的借鉴意义.      

多圆荷载下刚性道面变形和应力的计算

本文建立多圆荷载作用下弹性半空间体上薄板的挠度与应力的计算式。荷载数量及分布任意,每个圆荷载密度与轮迹半径彼此相异。对计算式中的反常积分及级数的收敛性予以证明。对含振荡函数反常积分建议一种方便的算法。     

简谐移动荷载下单相弹性地基三维动力半解析移动单元分析

由于路面不平整,车辆会以一定的频率和振幅在路面上运动,研究简谐移动荷载作用下单相弹性地基的动态响应具有更加现实的意义。将移动单元法引入到单相弹性介质的半解析方法中,构造了随荷载以相同速度运动的移动层单元。基于移动坐标下单相弹性介质的动力控制方程和边界条件,应用加权残数法建立了简谐移动荷载下单相弹性介质的三维动态响应半解析方程;将固定坐标下的动力问题转化为移动坐标下的拟静力问题,数值分析了简谐移动荷载作用下单相弹性地基的动态响应及其参数的影响。计算结果表明:在简谐移动荷载作用下,当无阻尼或小阻尼时,位移幅值随着速度变化不是单调递增或递减。当速度在瑞利波波速附近时,会出现各位移幅值的极大值(或第一极大值);当阻尼较大时,位移随着速度增加变化缓慢。这说明阻尼和频率的共同作用会有效地抑制位移幅值响应。研究结果表明本文所提供半解析移动单元法是研究简谐移动荷载下介质动态响应的一种简单有效的方法。     

高速荷载下多孔饱和地基的动力响应

研究高速荷载作用下梁与多孔饱和半空间的动力响应。由Fourier变换求解多孔饱和固体的动力基本方程，根据梁与半空间的接触条件得出多孔饱和半空间上梁的垂直位移的表达式。文中的数值算例考虑了荷载移动速度对梁的动力位移的影响，并与相应的弹性半空间问题作了对比。从算例中可以发现荷载移动速度对动力位移有很大的影响，当移动速度与半空间的表面波速相近时，地面会当产生很大的振动，同时还发现当速度大于介质的剪切波速时，多孔饱和半空间上梁的动力响应与弹性半空间上梁的动力响应有很大的差别。     

Diffusion of a line vortex in a second-order fluid

In this paper, the diffusion of a line vortex in a second-order fluid is considered. The Hankel transform is used to solve this problem and an exact solution for the velocity distribution is found in terms of a definite integral. The integrand is an oscillatory function and the integration is performed by a numerical technique. It is found that there are pronounced effects of viscoelastic properties on the velocity distribution with respect to that of the Newtonian fluid.     

Effects of the dynamic wheel–rail interaction on the ground vibration generated by a moving train

Based on Biot’s fully dynamic poroelastic theory, the dynamic responses of the poroelastic half-space soil medium due to quasi-static and dynamic loads from a moving train are investigated semi-analytically. The dynamic loads are assumed to be generated from the rail surface irregularities. The vehicle dynamics model is used to simulate the axle loads (quasi-static loads) and the dynamic loads from a moving train. The compatibility of the displacements at wheel–rail contact points couple the vehicle and the track–ground subsystem, and yield equations for the dynamic wheel–rail loads. A linearized Hertzian contact spring between the wheel and rail is introduced to calculate the dynamic loads. Using the Fourier transform, the governing equations for the poroelastic half-space are then solved in the frequency–wavenumber domain. The time domain responses are evaluated by the fast inverse Fourier transform. Numerical results show that the dynamic loads can make important contribution to dynamic response of the poroelastic half-space for different train speed, and the dynamically induced responses lie in a higher frequency range. The ground vibrations caused by the moving train can be intensified as the primary suspension stiffness of the vehicle increases.     

A numerical model for the isolation of moving-load induced vibrations by pile rows embedded in layered porous media

A numerical model is developed to analyse the isolation of moving-load induced vibrations using pile rows embedded in a layered poroelastic half-space. Based on Biot’s theory and the transmission and reflection matrices (TRM) method, the free wave field solution for a moving load applied on the surface of a layered poroelastic half-space and the fundamental solution for an harmonic circular patch load are determined. Using Muki and Sternberg’s method, the second kind of frequency domain Fredholm integral equations for the dynamic interaction between pile rows and the layered poroelastic half-space are derived. The time domain solution is recovered via inverse Fourier transform in order to obtain the amplitude reduction ratio and thus assess the vibration isolation efficiency of pile rows. A special case of the present model shows good agreement with an existing solution. Numerical results of this study show that the speed of moving loads has an important influence on the isolation of vibrations by pile rows: the same pile rows can achieve better isolation efficiencies for higher speed loads than for lower speed loads. Pile rows embedded in a two-layered poroelastic half-space with a softer overlying layer usually generate better vibration isolation effects than those with a stiffer overlying layer. Finally, better isolation vibration may be realized by increasing the pile length and decreasing the net spacing between neighboring piles in a pile row.     

winkler地基上弹性圆薄板受刚体撞击的动力响应

本文针对工程实际中所遇到的撞击问题,在事先仅知撞击体初始速度的条件下,研究分析了半无限粘弹性Winkler地基上的弹性圆薄板受刚体撞击的动力响应问题,推导出了关于撞击力F(t)的非线性Volterra积分方程,给出了薄板位移响应W(r,θ,t)的一般表达式,并给出了相应的数值求解方法。作为实例,本文对周边固定的弹性圆薄板在圆心处受刚球撞击问题进行了分析计算,并对某些参数的影响进行了讨论。     

Isotropic layered soil–structure interaction caused by stationary random excitations

Soil–structure interaction emanating from seismic stationary random excitations is studied using the pseudo-excitation method in combination with the precise integration method. The soil considered is a viscoelastic, transversely isotropic and layered half space and the structure which it supports is modelled by the finite element method. The excitation sources are random field ones that are stationary in the time domain and are located in the soil. The pseudo-excitation method is used to transform this stationary random soil–structure interaction problem into a series of deterministic harmonic response analyses and the precise integration method is used to integrate the ordinary differential equations in the frequency–wavenumber domain. The power spectral densities of the soil–structure interaction responses caused by the stationary random excitations are investigated.     

Ground vibration due to a high-speed moving harmonic rectangular load on a poroviscoelastic half-space

The transmission of vibrations in the ground, due to a high-speed moving vertical harmonic rectangular load, is investigated theoretically. The problem is three-dimensional and the interior of the ground is modelled as a totally or partially saturated porous viscoelastic half-space, using the complete Biot theory. The solutions in the transformed domain are obtained using a double Fourier transform on the surface spatial variables. A modified hysteretic damping model defined in the wavenumber domain is used, first presented by Lefeuve-Mesgouez et al. [Lefeuve-Mesgouez, G., Le Houédec, D., Peplow, A.T., 2000. Vibration in the vicinity of a high-speed moving harmonic strip load. Journal of Sound and Vibration 231(5) 1289–1309]. Numerical results for the displacements of the solid and fluid phases, over the surface of the ground and in depth, are presented for loads moving with speeds up to and beyond the Rayleigh wave speed of the medium.     

Formulation and integration of the standard linear viscoelastic solid with fractional order rate laws

A physically sound three-dimensional anisotropic formulation of the standard linear viscoelastic solid with integer or fractional order rate laws for a finite set of the pertinent internal variables is presented. It is shown that the internal variables can be expressed in terms of the strain as convolution integrals with kernels of Mittag–Leffler function type. A time integration scheme, based on the Generalized Midpoint rule together with the Grünwald algorithm for numerical fractional differentiation, for integration of the constitutive response is developed. The predictive capability of the viscoelastic model for describing creep, relaxation and damped dynamic responses is investigated both analytically and numerically. The algorithm and the present general linear viscoelastic model are implemented into the general purpose finite element code Abaqus. The algorithm is then used together with an explicit difference scheme for integration of structural responses. In numerical examples, the quasi-static and damped responses of a viscoelastic ballast material that is subjected to loads simulating the overrolling of a train are investigated.