Effects of unsymmetrical geometric confinements on depletion interactions in colloidal suspensions

The depletion interactions between two large-spheres immersed in a fluid of small spheres under unsymmetrical geometrical confinement are studied through the acceptance ratio method. The numerical results show that no matter whether the volume fraction is large or small, both the depletion potential and depletion force are affected by the presence of the two plates; the closer the two large spheres are to the plate, the larger the effects of the unsymmetrical confinements.     

基于粒子群算法的汽车保有量预测方法

汽车保有量关系到城市建设与规划。针对汽车保有量预测问题,提出一种基于粒子群算法的汽车保有量预测方法,建立了一种多因素汽车保有量预测模型。选取城镇人口、居民消费水平、人均地区生产总值、道路网密度、公共交通车辆运营数、公共交通客运总量、油价7个指标作为汽车保有量的主要影响因素。利用主成分分析方法确定影响因素主成分,以主成分作为自变量,汽车保有量作为因变量,建立回归分析模型。运用粒子群算法,结合主成分回归预测值对汽车保有量进行预测。以2005～2014年上海市汽车保有量数据为依据,预测出上海市2020年汽车保有量约为400万辆,并对预测结果进行了分析。     

Depletion interactions in cylindric pipeline

In a colloidal system confined by a small cylindric pipeline,the depletion interaction between two large spheres is different to the system confined by two plates,and the influence on depletion interaction from the pipeline is related to both the size and shape of it.In this paper,the depletion interactions in the systems confined by pipelines of different sizes or different shapes are studied by Monte Carlo simulations.The numerical results show that the influence on depletion force from the cylindric pipeline is stronger than that from two parallel plates,and the depletion force will be strengthened when the diameter of the cylinder is decreased.In addition,we also find that the depletion interaction is rather affected if the shape change of the pipeline is slightly changed,and the influence on depletion force from the shape change is stronger than that from the size change.     

约束条件下胶球间排空力的研究

用MonteCarlo方法对处于两平行硬板约束下三个浓度的大小胶球系统进行了模拟,通过对大胶球表面小胶球密度的统计,由密度积分公式获得了大胶球所受的排空力.研究结果显示,因为平行硬板的存在或当改变两平行硬板的距离时,同浓度下,排空力在硬板距离小的时候最明显;三个浓度中,浓度高的,排空力受硬板距离影响最大;有硬板约束比无该约束的时候,排空力效果更显著.     

Effects of electrostatic interactions and geometrical confinements on depletion interactions in charged colloidal system

In a charged colloidal system,the influence on depletion interaction between two like-charged macro-ions is studied through Monte Carlo simulation in this paper.The numerical results show that this depletion force is affected by both the electrostatic interactions between charged spheres and charged plates and by the geometrical factor of the two charged plates,and they further indicate that the influence of geometrical confinement on the depletion interaction is larger than that of electrostatic potential.     

胶体中排空作用的耦合效应

通过Monte Carlo模拟和接受率方法研究了限制在圆柱形管道中大胶球之间以及大胶球与管壁之间排空作用的耦合效应.研究发现,当两个大胶球靠近时,大胶球之间的排空作用因与大胶球与管道壁之间的排空作用耦合而得到加强,同样当大胶球与管道壁靠近时,大胶球与管道壁之间的排空作用也因与另一大胶球之间排空作用的耦合而得到了加强.此外,研究还发现,随着圆柱形管道直径的减小,胶球之间、胶球与管道壁之间的排空作用的耦合效应是增强的. 关键词： 排空作用的耦合效应 接受率方法 Monte Carlo模拟     

桥梁结构移动平稳随机荷载识别新方法

移动的平稳随机荷载对简支梁的作用,相当于固定的调制函数已知的非平稳随机荷载对简支梁结构的作用.本文以此为基础,研究了移动平稳随机荷载的识别问题.首先基于虚拟激励法的思想,利用特征值分解及奇异值分解技术,由虚拟位移响应反演虚拟广义坐标,有效地避免了矩阵求逆,得到高精度的广义坐标谱;同时利用Wiener-Khintchine关系及Duhamel积分,由广义坐标谱值反演得到平稳随机激励谱密度.仿真算例表明,只要适当地选取参振振型及测点位置,本文方法可以有效地识别桥梁结构的移动平稳随机荷载.     

无人船安全目标追踪与自动避障算法

设计了无人船安全目标追踪算法和双回路追踪以及自动避障控制策略,内回路是控制无人船安全目标追踪并与目标保持一定安全距离,通过Lyapunov函数证明了该控制算法的渐近稳定性。外回路是无人船在安全距离内发现障碍,将目标点虚拟化,运用模糊控制原理,实现自动避障。优化传统的Dijkstra算法,设计了无人船实时最短路径算法。仿真结果表明,提出的综合算法能够实现无人船以合理速度通过最短距离,兼顾了时间效率,并能顺利避障。     

基于动态人工势场法移动机器人路径规划研究

考虑机器人与目标点的相对位置以及相对速度因素构建引力势场和引力函数,考虑机器人与障碍物之间的相对位置、相对速度以及相对加速度因素构建斥力势场和斥力函数。基于位置的“分而治之”策略,将机器人所处的环境分解成不同的情景,通过传感器获得周围环境信息,制定并执行情景-运动规则。建立复杂动态机器人仿真环境,验证改进后的算法在动态环境中机器人自动避障的可行性。以IN-RE机器人为实验平台,做动态环境下机器人自动避障路径规划实验,验证本文提出的动态人工势场法在动态环境中的可行性。