材料力学方法分析接触问题的精度与梁理论的改进

 讨论了材料力学经典梁理论与考虑横向剪切变形的铁摩辛柯梁理论分析接触问题的精度. 通 过计入横向拉压变形效应改进铁摩辛柯梁理论, 获得了与完全三维分析吻合很好的结果. 对 于细长梁, 如果仅计算提起段高度, 经典梁理论已经有足够的精度; 如果计算悬空段长度, 需要采用铁摩辛柯梁理论; 如果计算接触应力, 则需要考虑横向剪切和拉压变形效应, 采用 修正的铁摩辛柯梁理论.     

说梁————-力学史札记之十九

本文简略介绍了梁的理论从提出到发展成熟的过程。简要叙述了伽利略、马略特、胡克、伯努利、帕朗、纳维以及铁摩辛科等学者的工作。并且提出一些近代关于梁的研究问题。     

如何用好土力学——对青年土木工程师谈土力学的理论与应用

针对青年学生和年轻的土木工程师在工程实践中如何使用好土力学的理论这一问题进行了讨论.指出了土力学理论与其它土木工程结构理论的根本区别,以及工程经验和判断力的重要性,并就工程经验和判断力以及如何进行培养展开了讨论.本文还对如何阅读土力学文献和如何选择土力学数学模型进行了论述.最后还列出了Casagrand[2]对实际应用土力学理论的要求.     

桁架结构稳定分析的几何非线性欧拉稳定理论

目前,桁架结构稳定分析有两个理论:经典的特征值理论和几何非线性临界点理论。前者发展较早,在许多结构力学书中都有叙述。但是经过工程应用检验,它过高地估计了结构抗稳定的能力。后者是20年前提出的,提出者认为适用于所有的扁桁架。经过几年的研究,作者连续提出三个稳定理论:线性与非线性欧拉理论;非线性临界点-欧拉理论和两个计算方法,进行桁架结构的线性和非线性截面优化设计。经过理论研究和对前人文献中数值例题的计算和比较,发现特征值理论不符合实际,临界点理论只适用于大扁度的桁架,而不适用于一切扁桁架。研究结果提供了若干有用的结论,给出了各种稳定理论的适用范围,指出了国际文献中若干例题的正确和错误,补充了桁架结构的稳定分析理论,使之更为完整和实用了。     

《铁摩辛柯奖获得者演讲集:力学·教育·创新》

正出版社:大连理工大学出版社内容简介:"铁摩辛柯奖"由美国机械工程师协会应用力学分会负责评选和颁发,以认可获奖者对应用力学做出的卓越贡献.铁摩辛柯奖被认为是应用力学领域的最高国际奖,也被视为力学界的诺贝尔奖.铁摩辛柯奖获得者演讲词具有很高的历史价值和学术价值,其关于力学、教育与创新的真知灼见永放光芒,历久弥新.他山之石,可以攻玉.我们汇集、整理、翻译了本演讲     

一种结构响应预测策略与新可靠度分析方法

工程结构在服役期不可避免地遭受各种不确定因素的侵害，为客观科学地描述不确定因素的影响，可靠度理论得以产生和发展。但传统的可靠度分析方法囿于精度和效率等原因，难以应用于实际工程结构。近年来基于概率守恒原理，概率密度演化理论提出并得到发展。但对复杂的工程结构，效率低下等问题依然有待解决。鉴于此，本文提出两级剖分概率空间的概念，以粗剖分获得的少量代表样本构成训练集，训练Kriging模型；然后细剖分概率空间，通过训练的Kriging模型预测加密样本响应提高分析效率。基于此，结合以概率密度演化理论为基础的物理综合法，提出了一种新的可靠度分析方法。通过对一解析系统和一幢钢筋混凝土框架结构的响应预测与可靠度分析，证明了新提出方法的精度和效率。     

铁摩辛科梁的动态稳定

本文把伽辽金法和傅里叶级数相结合,用以分析自由的铁摩辛科梁一端有受控跟随力作用的动态稳定.     

爆轰理论导引

年,美国洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室出版了基础和应用科学丛书中第三本有关爆轰的、别具一格的著作,即 WFickett写的爆轰理论导引,人们熟悉的爆炸物理学,Detonation和Numerical Modeling of Detonations等书,分别代表了爆轰的工程应用理论、反应流动理论和数值模拟方法,本书则阐述爆轰的抽象模拟理论。     

论不确定性结构力学的发展

结构力学是直接为工程结构设计服务的,而工程设计中包含大量不确定性因素和信息,包括随机性、模糊性和未确知性信息．由于引用统计数学方法处理随机性问题,在结构力学中产生了可靠性理论和随机振动理论．随着模糊性和未确知性问题的提出和研究,近年来在结构力学中又逐渐形成了一些新的分支,包括结构的不确定性优化设计,广义(模糊随机)可靠性理论,模糊随机振动理论和模糊地震工程学等．本文简要地介绍这四个新的分支的发展情况,主要介绍作者及其学生们的工作,并着重介绍基本概念．     

论不确定性结构力学的发展

结构力学是直接为工程结构设计服务的,而工程设计中包含大量不确定性因素和信息,包括随机性、模糊性和未确知性信息.由于引用统计数学方法处理随机性问题,在结构力学中产生了可靠性理论和随机振动理论.随着模糊性和未确知性问题的提出和研究,近年来在结构力学中又逐渐形成了一些新的分支,包括结构的不确定性优化设计,广义(模糊随机)可靠性理论,模糊随机振动理论和模糊地震工程学等.本文简要地介绍这四个新的分支的发展情况,主要介绍作者及其学生们的工作,并着重介绍基本概念.      

粘弹性Timoshenko梁的变分原理和静动力学行为分析

从线性，各向同性，均匀粘弹性材料的Boltzmann本构定律出发，通过Laplace变换及其反变换，由三维积分型本构关系给出了Timoshenko梁的本构关系，并由此建立了小挠度情况下粘弹性Timoshenko梁的静动力学行为分析的数学模型，一个积分－偏微分方程组的初边值问题。同时，采用卷积，建立了相应的简化Gurtin型变分原理。给出了两个算例，考查了梁的厚度h与梁的长度l之比β对梁的力学行为的影响。     

Generalized solutions of beams with jump discontinuities on elastic foundations

Summary  The bending solutions of the Euler–Bernoulli and the Timoshenko beams with material and geometric discontinuities are developed in the space of generalized functions. Unlike the classical solutions of discontinuous beams, which are expressed in terms of multiple expressions that are valid in different regions of the beam, the generalized solutions are expressed in terms of a single expression on the entire domain. It is shown that the boundary-value problems describing the bending of beams with jump discontinuities on discontinuous elastic foundations have more compact forms in the space of generalized functions than they do in the space of classical functions. Also, fewer continuity conditions need to be satisfied if the problem is formulated in the space of generalized functions. It is demonstrated that using the theory of distributions (i.e. generalized functions) makes finding analytical solutions for this class of problems more efficient compared to the traditional methods, and, in some cases, the theory of distributions can lead to interesting qualitative results. Examples are presented to show the efficiency of using the theory of generalized functions. Received 6 June 2000; accepted for publication 24 October 2000     

饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko梁的大挠度分析

基于微观不可压饱和多孔介质理论和弹性梁的大挠度变形假设,考虑梁剪切变形效应,在梁轴线不可伸长和孔隙流体仅沿轴向扩散的限定下,建立了饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko梁大挠度弯曲变形的非线性数学模型.在此基础上,利用Galerkin截断法,研究了两端可渗透简支饱和多孔Timoshenko梁在突加均布横向载荷作用下的拟静态弯曲,给出了饱和多孔 Timoshenko梁弯曲变形时固相挠度、弯矩和孔隙流体压力等效力偶等随时间的响应.比较了饱和多孔Timoshenko梁非线性大挠度和线性小挠度理论以及饱和多孔 Euler-Bernoulli梁非线性大挠度理论的结果,揭示了他们间的差异,指出当无量纲载荷参数q＞l0时,应采用饱和多孔Timoshenko梁或Euler-Bernoulli梁的大挠度数学模型进行分析,特别的,当梁长细比λ＜30时,应采用饱和多孔Timoshenko梁大挠度数学模型进行分析.     

确定性载荷作用下Timoshenko薄壁梁的弯扭耦合动力响应

建立了一种普遍的解析理论用于求解确定性载荷作用下Timoshenko薄壁梁的弯扭耦合动力响应。首先通过直接求解单对称均匀Timoshenko薄壁梁单元弯扭耦合振动的运动偏微分方程，给出了计算其自由振动的精确方法，并导出了Timoshenko弯扭耦合薄壁梁自由振动主模态的正交条件。然后利用简正模态法研究了确定性载荷作用下单对称Timoshenko薄壁梁的弯扭耦合动力响应，该弯扭耦合梁所受到的荷载可以是集中载荷或沿着梁长度分布的分布载荷。最后假定确定性载荷是谐波变化的，得到了各种激励下封闭形式的解，并对动力弯曲位移和扭转位移的数值结果进行了讨论。     

Higher-order shear beam theories and enriched continuum

The buckling of higher-order shear beam-columns is studied in the light of enriched continuum. We show the equivalence between the enriched kinematics of usual higher-order shear beam theories with the nonlocal and gradient nature of the associated constitutive law. These equivalences are useful for a hierarchical classification of usual beam theories comprising Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, Timoshenko and third-order shear beam theories. A consistent variationnally presentation is derived for all generic theories, leading to meaningful buckling solutions. It is shown that Timoshenko or some other higher-order shear theories can be considered as nonlocal or gradient Euler-Bernoulli theories. The buckling problem of a third-order shear beam-column is analytically studied and treated in the framework of gradient elasticity Timoshenko theory. Some different gradient elasticity Timoshenko models are presented at the end of the paper with available buckling solutions for repetitive structures and microstructured beams.     

Transient wave analysis of a cantilever Timoshenko beam subjected to impact loading by Laplace transform and normal mode methods

This study applies two analytical approaches, Laplace transform and normal mode methods, to investigate the dynamic transient response of a cantilever Timoshenko beam subjected to impact forces. Explicit solutions for the normal mode method and the Laplace transform method are presented. The Durbin method is used to perform the Laplace inverse transformation, and numerical results based on these two approaches are compared. The comparison indicates that the normal mode method is more efficient than the Laplace transform method in the transient response analysis of a cantilever Timoshenko beam, whereas the Laplace transform method is more appropriate than the normal mode method when analyzing the complicated multi-span Timoshenko beam. Furthermore, a three-dimensional finite element cantilever beam model is implemented. The results are compared with the transient responses for displacement, normal stress, shear stress, and the resonant frequencies of a Timoshenko beam and Bernoulli–Euler beam theories. The transient displacement response for a cantilever beam can be appropriately evaluated using the Timoshenko beam theory if the slender ratio is greater than 10 or using the Bernoulli–Euler beam theory if the slender ratio is greater than 100. Moreover, the resonant frequency of a cantilever beam can be accurately determined by the Timoshenko beam theory if the slender ratio is greater than 100 or by the Bernoulli–Euler beam theory if the slender ratio is greater than 400.     

Running and Standing Waves of Timoshenko Beam

Standing waves of a Timoshenko beamof finite length and their connectionwith running waves for an infinite beam are considered. It is shown that the principle of a “closed cycle” of a running wave is completely identical to the usual procedure of direct satisfaction from the side of the general solution for an infinite Timoshenko beam, to the boundary conditions of a beam of finite length. The question of the existence of a second frequency spectrum under arbitrary boundary conditions of a beam is discussed. A “relaxed approach” to the concept of the second frequency spectrum is proposed. The results of the theoretical analysis are confirmed by numerical calculations for the Timoshenko beam with elastic supports and elastic sealing of its end sections.     

工程结构的随机特征问题研究及其在梁结构中的应用

采用子结构模态综合和摄动随机有限元相结合求解工程结构的随机特征问题。为求出随机特征对的方差，借助于模态截断概念推出诸特征值与特征向量对随机变量的偏导数。以染结构为典型算法，定量研究了子结构动模态的选取个数与随机特征对的计算精度间关系，以梁的长细比首次确定使用Timoshenko梁和Euler-Bernoulli梁两模型求解梁类工程结构随机特征问题的适用范围。     

Theoretical analysis of transient waves in a simply-supported Timoshenko beam by ray and normal mode methods

The dynamic transient responses of a simply-supported Timoshenko beam subjected to an impact force are investigated by two theoretical approaches – ray and normal mode methods. The mathematical methodology proposed in this study for the ray method enable us to construct the solution for the interior source problem and to extend to solve the complicated problem for the multi span of the Timoshenko beam. Numerical results based on these two approaches are compared. The comparison in this study indicates that the normal mode method is more computationally efficient than the ray method except for very short time after the impact. The long-time transient responses are easily calculated using the normal mode method. It is shown that the average long-time transient response converges to the corresponding static value. The Timoshenko beam theory is more accurate than the Bernoulli–Euler beam theory because it includes shear and rotary inertia. This study also provides the slender ratio for which the Bernoulli–Euler beam can be used for the transient-response analysis of the displacement. Moreover, the resonant frequencies obtained from finite element calculation based on the three-dimensional model are compared with the results calculated using the Timoshenko beam and Bernoulli–Euler beam theories. It is noted in this study that the resonant frequency can be accurately determined by the Timoshenko beam theory if the slender ratio is larger than 100, and by the Bernoulli–Euler beam theory if the slender ratio is larger than 400.     

Internal Constraints, Reactive Stresses, and the Timoshenko Beam Theory

It is shown that the kinematical assumptions of the Timoshenko theory for shearable beams can be regarded as internal constraints, some involving the first, others the second deformation gradient; such constrains are thought of as maintained by reaction stresses and hyperstresses of the type occurring in non-simple materials of grade 2. It is discussed how these reactions can be used to better the first approximation of the unknown equilibrium stress field in the three-dimensional body modelled by the Timoshenko beam, an appoximation which is based on the solution of the one-dimensional Timoshenko problem. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.