复合材料襟翼壁板屈曲失稳行为的栅线投影实验研究

本文利用栅线投影测量方法研究了蜂窝夹层板、工字型及T型加筋板三种不同结构形式复合材料襟翼壁板在压缩载荷下的屈曲失稳行为,得到了不同形式结构件屈曲的全场离面位移分布规律,分析了各自的屈曲失稳模式.研究结果表明,栅线投影测量方法在大尺度复合材料结构失稳变形测试中具有可行性;在相同面板尺寸条件下,工字型加筋复合材料襟翼壁板屈曲临界载荷最大,承载能力最强.本文结果可为飞机复合材料结构设计提供实验依据.     

考虑强度与固化变形的复合材料加筋壁板铺层优化方法

加筋壁板是复合材料飞行器主承力构件的主要结构形式,通过复合材料铺层参数设计可以有效优化壁板的强度,但铺层参数的变化也会影响壁板的固化变形.因此,复合材料加筋壁板铺层设计过程中需要综合考虑整体强度和固化变形.本文针对复合材料加筋壁板结构,建立了失效分析模型和固化变形分析模型;基于实验设计方法、NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法以及上述分析模型,建立了综合考虑强度与固化变形的加筋壁板铺层优化方法.优化结果显示复合材料加筋壁板在强度提高的同时,固化变形显著降低.     

短柱型复合材料加筋壁板轴向压缩破坏分析方法研究

复合材料加筋结构可作为航空结构中的承力部件,其损伤与破坏对航空器的结构安全和服役性能至关重要．本文通过试验和数值仿真手段研究了短柱型复合材料结构压缩失效机理和极限承载力．通过短柱型单加筋板的轴向压缩破坏试验,分析梳理出界面脱粘和材料压溃两种典型失效形式;分别建立加筋板壳单元模型和实体单元模型,引入内聚力模型和Hashin 准则描述界面脱粘效应与材料破坏,结果表明壳单元模型配合内聚力模型和Hashin 准则可以有效地预测加筋板的极限承载力．分别讨论了加筋板长度、筋条高度、筋条/蒙皮刚度比等参数对加筋板的屈曲承载力的影响,为短柱型复合材料加筋壁板压缩损伤与破坏预测分析提供有益的参考．     

含预置损伤复合材料加筋板的单轴压缩屈曲分析

通过试验和有限元方法分析了单轴压缩下加筋板的失效模式.研究了三种预置损伤位置及四种损伤尺寸的复合材料T型加筋板的线性及非线性屈曲行为,比较了损伤对临界屈曲载荷和最大失效载荷的影响.研究结果表明:损伤位置在桁条间蒙皮时,损伤的尺寸对其临界屈曲载荷和最大失效载荷影响较小;损伤位置在桁条区蒙皮时,加筋板的临界屈曲载荷随损伤尺寸的增加而明显降低,最大降低50%;损伤位置在桁条边凸缘处蒙皮时,加筋板最大失效载荷所受影响随损伤尺寸的增加而明显降低,最大降低25%.从而得到了复合材料加筋板临界屈曲载荷比和最大失效载荷比与损伤位置及尺寸的关系图.     

具有分层损伤的不同加筋形式复合材料层合板的后屈曲性态研究

基于板的一阶剪切理论和V on-K arm an大挠度理论,分别推导了复合材料层合板和层合梁的几何非线性有限元列式,提出了含嵌入分层的复合材料加筋层合板在受压缩载荷作用下的后屈曲有限元分析方法,对在板厚方向具有不同分层位置的加筋板结构进行了有限元数值分析,研究了不同的加筋方式及筋的分布对具有分层损伤的复合材料加筋层合板的后屈曲性态的影响,所得结果对确定在压缩载荷作用下含损伤复合材料加筋层合板的剩余承载能力具有参考价值。     

整体加筋壁板裂纹扩展轨迹模拟及控制分析

应用有限元方法并结合裂纹扩展方向判据分析模拟了飞机整体加筋壁板裂纹的扩展轨迹,与实验结果对比证明此方法的有效性;并通过壳单元模型和粘聚区渐进损伤模型详细讨论了影响整体加筋壁板裂纹扩展的筋条参数,研究了壁板筋条对裂纹止裂的控制,并对不同参数下裂纹的应力强度因子和扩展情况作对比分析.文章所述方法和结论对于飞机整体加筋壁板的损伤容限设计具有指导意义.     

大开口复合材料加筋壁板稳定性分析

运用大型有限元软件Patran/Nastran分析了大开口复合材料加筋壁板的稳定性,并对不同加筋方式下壁板屈曲特征值和屈曲模态图进行了比较。结果表明:补强提高了大开口复合材料壁板的稳定性,但往往无法达到很好的效果,需要通过加筋改善其稳定性;加筋复合材料壁板稳定性较原有模型有较大提高;加筋大开口复合材料壁板屈曲特征值随筋条距开口中心距离的增加而减小,其屈曲分界线均位于筋条布置处;纵筋大开口复合材料加筋壁板一阶屈曲特征值为2.13,而横筋只达到1.08;纵筋布置对复合材料壁板稳定性影响明显高于横筋布置,可在实际工程应用中适当增加纵筋的布置。     

含冲击损伤复合材料层板及加筋壁板剩余强度研究

应用含刚度折减的椭圆形弹性核模拟了层板的损伤问题,研究了复合材料层板及加筋壁板冲击后的剩余强度问题。利用含椭圆核各向异性杂交应力有限单元对损伤层板进行了应力分析,采用基于特征曲线概念的点应力判据预测了含损伤层板、加筋壁板的剩余强度;基于Abaqus用户子程序uel实现了该方法在工程中的应用,并讨论各种参数对剩余强度的影响。研究结果表明此方法是有效的。     

工字型加筋复合材料壁板的压缩屈曲行为实验研究

在复合材料结构整个屈曲承载过程中,从微观开始发生局部的纤维断裂、基体微裂纹等损伤,并随着屈曲程度的增加和屈曲模式的转化逐渐发生分层扩展。采用实验与数值计算相结合的方法,本文研究了工字型加筋壁板复合材料结构在压缩载荷作用下的屈曲行为。采用无损光学手段来非接触检测壁板表面的全场屈曲挠度,捕捉屈曲模态演化过程。基于有限元的数值模拟,预测了工字型加筋壁板复合材料结构的屈曲与后屈曲行为,用定量的实验数据来对比数值预测的壁板屈曲形态,表明实验和数值结果的离面挠度分布具有一致性。     

基于振动疲劳损伤分析的飞机壁板结构加筋参数优选

振动疲劳问题在飞机薄板结构中广泛存在,严重时甚至会引起蒙皮撕裂。基于损伤力学理论框架,利用Python语言对ABAQUS进行了二次开发,实现了振动疲劳损伤形成和演化的过程模拟。针对飞机典型加筋壁板结构进行了振动疲劳损伤分析,模拟了损伤演化过程,并对加筋高度参数进行了优选。结果表明:不同的加筋形式有不同的优选加筋高度,C型加筋高度为30mm时振动疲劳寿命最高,L型加筋高度为45mm时振动疲劳寿命最高。最后通过振动疲劳试验对仿真分析结果进行了验证,表明所选取的加筋参数能够提高结构的抗振动疲劳能力,振动疲劳寿命的最大误差为31.63%。     

Electrogas- and electrohydrodynamic control of gas and liquid jets and flows

The physical and mathematical principles of the method of electrogas-and electrohydrodynamic conversion of electrical signals to pneumatic (hydraulic) signals and vice versa for control of gas and liquid jets and flows in electropneumohydraulic systems are considered. St. Petersburg State Technical University, St. Petersburg 195251. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 25–31, March–April, 2000.     

Fatigue and static strength of notched and unnotched aluminum-alloy and steel specimens

This paper describes a method of presentation of fatigue data on three commonly used aircraft materials, 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 aluminum alloys and normalized SAE 4130 steel, such that variations in fatigue strength with stress-concentration factor can be shown. Comparisons of the fatigue strengths of 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 aluminum are made for the most useful range of stress-concentration factors. Static-strength results of notched and unnotched specimens of the three materials are presented to show how the strength varies with some parameters of the stress concentration. Comparison of the data with one theory for the strength of cracked specimens was made.     

STICTION AND ANTI—STICTION IN MEMS AND NEMS

Stiction in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) has been a major failure mode ever since the advent of surface micromachining in the 80s of the last century due to large surfacearea-to-volume ratio. Even now when solutions to this problem are emerging, such as self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and other measures, stiction remains one of the most catastrophic failure modes in MEMS. A review is presented in this paper on stiction and anti-stiction in MEMS and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). First, some new experimental observations of stiction in radio frequency (RF) MEMS switch and micromachined accelerometers are presented. Second, some criteria for stiction of microstructures in MEMS and NEMS due to surface forces (such as capillary, electrostatic, van der Waals, Casimir forces, etc.) are reviewed. The influence of surface roughness and environmental conditions (relative humidity and temperature) on stiction are also discussed. As hydrophobic films, the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) turn out able to prevent release-related stiction effectively. The anti-stiction of SAMs in MEMS is reviewed in the last part. The project supported by the Distinguished Young Scholar Fund of NSFC (10225209), key project from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJCX2-SW-L2) and National “973” Project (G1999033103)     

水和水蒸汽热力学物性参数及导数的计算与应用

本文针对现代换热设备设计、两相流动与传热研究的需要,介绍了可供科研使用的水和水蒸汽物性计算方法,完善了计算程序。根据超临界锅炉设计中的超临界水的物性计算,两相流研究和换热设备动态特性研究中对物性导数计算的需要,提供了两个算例,并进行了定性分析。     

Fracture and stability of materials and structural members with cracks: approaches and results

A new alternative approach to fracture problems for materials and structural elements with cracks is set out. It is based on the mechanism of local instability near defects. The approach is used to study the fracture of materials compressed along interacting cracks and the fracture of thin structural members with cracks under tension with allowance for local buckling.__________Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 40, No. 12, pp. 18–64, December 2004.     

Fundamental properties of elasto-plastic matrix and existence and uniqueness of elasto-plastic stress and displacement

Based on the assumption that the yield criterionF(,)=0 is a differentiable surface in stress space and by starting from a specially defined real Euclidean space, the fundamental properties of the elasto-plastic matrix in the incremental theory of plasticity is discussed in detail. By using these results, a convex analysis is made to prove the existence and uniqueness of 1) the distribution of incremental elasto-plastic stress for work-hardening materrials; 2) the displacement distribution for work-hardening materials. Material isotropy is assumed in all discussions of relevant problems.     

Drawing and extruding: Theoretical and approximate formulas

Summary The problem of drawing of wires and of strips has been treated in several studies; among these the studies of Sachs seem essential. However, the results deduced according to similar theories are not always in accordance with the experimental results: reduction of area or of thickness are in fact usually smaller than those resulting from the theory. This is in dependance of the fact that Sachs has adopted the Limiting Condition of Yielding by v. Mises, according to which the limit values of stress in traction and compression are equal. More recently other AA. (Alberti, Noto La Diega, Bugini), admitting the Limiting Condition of Yielding by A. (or of the Paraboloid of Revolution) of which we have treated in one of our previous works, attain results tallying with the experience. In the present study the above said subjects are treated as to evidence their unitarian signifiance and clarify their several aspects. The approximate formulas proposed by A. result of easy and quick application. In the same manner are treated other problems, among which the problem of the extrusion (Bagarello, Ammendola).

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Sommario Il problema della trafilatura dei fili metallici e delle strisce di lamiera è stato trattato in diverse Memorie, fra le quali fondamentali sono quelle del Sachs. I risultati dedotti in base a tali studi non sempre però concordano con le risultanze sperimentali: i rapporti di riduzione delle aree o degli spessori sono infatti di norma inferiori a quelli che risultano da tali teorie. Ciò dipende dal fatto che il Sachs ha posto a base dei suoi studi la Condizione di Plastificazione del v. Mises secondo la quale i limiti di resistenza del materiale che si considera alla trazione e alla compressione semplice sono uguali. Più recentemente altri AA. (Alberti, Noto La Diega, Bugini), adottando la Condizione di Plastificazione dell' A. (o del Paraboloide di Rivoluzione), del quale abbiamo trattato in un precedente lavoro, pervengono a risultati più attinenti alla practica. Col presente studio gli argomenti vengono trattati mettendone in evidenza il significato unitario e chiarendone i vari aspetti. Le formule approssimate proposte dall' A. risultano di facile e immediata applicazione. In maniera analoga vengono trattati altri problemi, fra i quali quello dell'estrusione (Bagarello, Ammendola).