斜拉桥索力优化的强次可行序列二次规划法

提出了一种斜拉桥索力优化的实用方法-强次可行序列二次规划法. 该方法通过建立斜拉 桥索力优化的非线性规划模型，以主梁和索塔的弯曲应变能为目标函数，斜拉索的索力为设 计变量，结构应力和索力为约束条件，计入大跨度斜拉桥各种几何非线性因素的影响，采用 强次可行序列二次规划算法进行优化求解，确定斜拉桥成桥合理状态的索力. 运用该方法对 某斜拉桥进行索力优化，结果表明该方法简单、有效.     

预应力混凝土斜拉桥空间非线性恒载索力优化

本文建立了斜拉桥索力优化的非线性规划模型,其中以斜拉桥主梁和索塔的弯曲应变能为目标函数,以各斜拉索的索力为设计变量,结构应力及索力为约束条件,采用一阶分析法进行求解,用以确定成桥合理状态的索力。在计算中,考虑大跨度斜拉桥各种几何非线性因素的影响,并列出了优化模型的具体表达式及优化过程中的关键求解策略。应用该法和空间非线性有限元分析程序分析了某大跨度预应力混凝土斜拉桥的合理成桥状态,计算结果表明:该方法简单、有效。     

斜拉桥合理成桥状态确定的一阶分析法

本文建立了斜拉桥索力优化的非线性规划模型，其中以斜拉桥主梁和索塔的弯曲应变能为目标函数，以各斜拉索的索力为设计变量，结构的应力及索力为约束条件，采用一阶分析法进行求解，用以确定成桥合理状态的索力。在计算中，考虑大跨度斜拉桥各种几何非线性因素的影响，并列出了优化模型的具体表达式及优化过程中的关键求解策略。应用该法和空间非线性有限元分析程序分析了某千米级斜拉桥方案的合理成桥状态，计算结果表明：该方法简单、有效。     

斜拉桥合理成桥状态确定的序列二次规划法

本文首先介绍斜拉桥合理成桥状态的概念和现有的斜拉桥索力优化方法。然后基于序列二次规划(SQP)算法，提出了一种用于确定斜拉桥成桥合理状态的实用方法，序列二次规划法。该方法通过建立斜拉桥索力优化的非线性规划模型，以斜拉桥主梁和索塔的弯曲应变能为目标函数，以各斜拉索的索力为设计变量，结构的应力和索力为约束条件，并计人大跨度斜拉桥各种几何非线性因素的影响，采用强次可行序列二次规划法进行优化求解，确定斜拉桥成桥合理状态的索力。运用该方法和空间非线性有限元分析程序分析了某斜拉桥的合理成桥状态，计算结果表明该方法简单、有效。     

斜拉索模态试验参数研究

试验模态分析是斜拉桥索力测试中广泛应用的方法。该方法的关键之一是采取合理的试验方案获取可靠的响应信号以识别出正确的索振动频率。本文通过试验,详细讨论了斜拉索模态测试中若干试验参数,如激振类型、激振位置、传感器位置以及频率分辨率对试验结果的影响;比较环境激励与锤击激励的效果,验证了环境激励的方法也可以准确识别索的频率;最后给出了较为合理的斜拉索模态试验方案,用该方案确定的索力与理论计算结果相差不超过 1. 5%。     

斜拉索各参数取值对索力测定结果的影响

为了确保频率法测定斜拉索索力的精度，以某斜拉桥中的拉索为例，采用平面非线性有限元法探讨了斜拉索各参数取值对索力值的影响，并讨论了各参数的合理取值．利用分析结果找到了不同的测试单位在该斜拉桥的索力联测中存在较大索力偏差的原因，可对施工过程中的索力精确测定提供帮助．分析结果同样适用于悬索桥和悬挂屋顶等索结构的索力测定．     

基于半波法的双向张弦梁结构索力测试试验研究

双向张弦梁结构的索力测试是预应力张拉结构健康监测的核心内容,精确测试拉索的索力关系到整个结构的安全。双向张弦梁结构中拉索长径比较小,且是双向多跨拉索,拉索的撑杆边界条件比较复杂,传统的索力计算方法难以精确地识别出这类拉索的索力。针对这类拉索的索力识别问题,进行了双向张弦梁结构试验模型的索力测试试验研究。利用模态试验给出了模型拉索的模态信息,利用半波法索力识别技术测试了不同长径比的拉索索力。试验结果表明,基于半波法能够精确地测试出双向张弦梁结构拉索的索力,并且采用高阶模态信息计算的索力比低阶模态信息计算的索力要精确。为在役预应力张拉结构的健康监测提供了新的途径。     

应力约束下预应力平面实体钢结构拓扑优化设计

对预应力平面实体钢结构拓扑优化设计问题进行研究,建立了以索力值、单元尺寸和结构拓扑为设计变量,以应力为约束条件,以结构重量最小为目标函数的数学优化模型.在求解方法上,首先以满应力设计准则法建立索力值与结构重量之间的优化模型,通过该模型的求解确定索力值,并通过满应力设计选取单元尺寸,然后对单元体厚度按闻值进行分类,从而删除低厚度单元实现结构的拓扑优化.算例结果与预应力钢结构理论相吻合,表明本文所提出的方法是有效的,可为预应力钢结构体系创新提供理论方法.     

斜拉索非线性振动跳跃过程实验研究

斜拉索振动中的"跳跃"现象是一种典型的非线性行为.虽然,在以往的理论和实验研究中已发现该现象,但是,却没有直接观测到其发生的过程.为探究斜拉索"跳跃"过程及该过程中的非线性动力行为,根据动力相似理论的弹性力-重力相似律设计了斜拉索实验模型.通过在扫频试验中使激励频率恰好等于"跳跃"的临界频率,直接观测到斜拉索自发发生的"跳跃"过程.对空间运动形态变化规律和特征的研究发现:斜拉索"跳跃"过程空间运动不仅仅是振幅突然改变,而是经历了面内外振幅急剧减小、面内外振动交替占主导及"气圈"运动逆顺时针交替变换3个阶段.     

斜拉桥塔-索-桥面连续耦合参数振动特性分析

针对端部激励作用下斜拉索与桥塔、桥面协同振动问题,考虑拉索几何非线性、倾角、阻尼以及拉索重力弦向分力的影响,引入拉索高精度抛物线形,建立了桥塔-索-桥面连续非线性精细化振动模型,推导了拉索与桥塔和桥面共同在激励作用下的耦合振动方程组,研究了桥塔-索-桥面结构系统参数的振动特性,并用数值仿真方法分析桥面与拉索频率比、桥面激励幅值、索力及拉索阻尼对结构耦合振动特性的影响规律。结果表明:桥面与拉索的频率比分别为1∶2和2∶1时,拉索会发生不同模式的大幅振动;相比于超谐波共振模式,亚谐波共振模式的拉索振幅更大,但达到共振所需时间较长;拉索振幅随桥面激励幅值的增大呈非线性增大,桥面激励幅值越大,拉索积蓄共振能量所需的时间越短;拉索振幅随索力增大而减小;拉索自身阻尼对其振动的影响较小,增大拉索阻尼时,拉索振幅虽有减小趋势,但是减小幅度有限。     

Flexible bridge decks suspended by cable nets. A constrained form finding approach

The initial geometry of structures made of cables is steered by the cable tensioning forces. In a cable net the geometrical shape and the internal force distribution cannot be dealt as separate issues: the set of geometries defines also the feasible sets of the internal forces. During the last decades, many different approaches have been proposed to deal with the form finding of cable structures. The most efficient one is the so called Force Density Method (FDM), proposed by Schek, which allows to conforming cable nets for structural applications without requiring any further assumption, neither on the geometry, nor on the material properties. An Extension of the Force Density Method, the EFDM, makes it possible to set conditions in terms of fixed nodal reactions or, in other words, to fix the position of a certain number of nodes and, at the same time, to impose the intensity of the reaction forces. Through such an extension the EFDM enables us to deal with form finding problems of cable nets subjected to given constraints and in particular to treat mixed structures, made of cables and struts. In this paper we consider cable nets interacting with members having flexural behaviour. For a given cable assembly and for a given loading condition, aim of this work is to find that particular pretensioning system which replaces both the static and the kinematic functions of the inner reactions of a flexural elastic continuous beam. It is, for instance, the case of the bridge decks suspended by cables, shaped in various forms. The specialization of the EFDM to this type of problem is presented and a progressive set of examples shows the efficiency and the versatility of this approach in contributing to the design of new creative forms.     

自锚式悬索桥主缆状态影响参数分析

对自锚式悬索桥主缆的空缆状态和成桥状态进行了影响参数分析。以主缆线形、主缆对主索鞍水平分力和合力作用点位置为控制目标,定义了主缆合理成桥状态;以吉林市雾凇大桥为例,建立了主缆有限元模型。改变模型参数,计算主缆在不同参数下的空缆状态和成桥状态,并将其与基准状态进行比较,具体研究各影响参数对主缆状态的影响情况。主缆自重和空缆架设温度均对主缆状态影响甚微,中跨主缆无应力索长主要影响其自身线形,而边跨无应力索长会对各控制目标均造成较大影响;以空缆架设线形为控制条件时,发生在空缆架设前的主索鞍和后锚面位置偏差对主缆成桥状态不构成影响,但其发生在成桥运营阶段的变形会严重影响主缆成桥状态。工程实例分析结果表明,主缆抗拉刚度和成桥吊杆力均会对主缆成桥状态造成一定影响,建议在空缆架设前实测主缆抗拉刚度和梁段标准节间重量,控制两者偏差在合理范围内;建议对空缆架设线形设置预抬高,以抵消主索鞍和后锚面在成桥阶段的变形,该结论对自锚式悬索桥的空缆架设工作具有较强的指导意义和参考价值。     

基于动态松弛法的柔索驱动并联机器人位置正解分析

根据悬链线解析表达式推导出悬索两端固定时索端拉力与索长之间的关系,用于求解特定长度的驱动柔索对处于某一位姿的动平台的作用力.动态松弛法可以从任意的初始状态开始,通过简单迭代而使系统达到静平衡状态.将该方法应用到柔索驱动并联机器人的位置正解分析中,可以得到与特定索长对应的动平台位姿.以舱索系统为例验证了方法的正确性.     

斜拉桥三维拉索风雨激振准两自由度模型

拉索风雨激振是当前桥梁工程和风工程界非常关注的研究课题。过去用于测量带人工水线的拉索模型都是二维的，所建立的理论模型也是建立在二维拉索气动力的基础上的。本文基于带人工水线三维拉索模型试验得到的气动力，建立了三维拉索风雨激振的准二自由度运动微分方程，讨论了运动方程中各种参数的取值，采用数值求解方法计算了拉索风雨激振振幅。计算结果和三维拉索人工降雨试验结果的对比表明，本文方法能较好地描述三维拉索风雨激振的特征。     

A numerical and experimental hybrid approach for the investigation of aerodynamic forces on stay cables suffering from rain-wind induced vibration

The aerodynamic forces on a stay cable under a rain-wind induced vibration (RWIV) are difficult to measure directly in a wind tunnel test. This paper presents a hybrid approach that combines an experiment with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the investigation on aerodynamic forces of a stay cable under a RWIV. The stay cable and flow field were considered as two substructures of the system. The oscillation of the stay cable was first measured by using a wind tunnel test of a RWIV under an artificial rainfall condition. The oscillation of the cable was treated as a previously known moving boundary condition and applied to the flow field. Only the flow field with the known moving cable boundary was then numerically simulated by using a CFD method (such as Fluent 6.3). The transient aerodynamic forces of the stay cable with a predetermined cable oscillation were obtained from numerical calculations. The characteristics of the aerodynamic forces in the time domain and frequency domain were then analysed for various cases. To verify the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed hybrid approach, the transient aerodynamic forces were applied to a single-degree-of-freedom model (SDOF) of the stay cable to calculate the RWIV of the cable. A comparison was performed between the oscillation responses of the stay cable obtained from the calculated (SDOF model) and experimental results, and the results indicate that the hybrid approach accurately simulates the transient aerodynamic forces of the stay cable. The equivalent damping ratios induced by the aerodynamic forces were obtained for various wind speeds. Furthermore, a nonlinear model of the aerodynamic force is proposed based on the calculation results, and the coefficients in the model were identified by a nonlinear least-squares technique.     

Active Control of Shallow,Slack Cable Using the Parametric Control of End Tension

This study presents a practical, fieldable active controller applicable to shallow, slack cables. The controller is based upon an underlying theory that does not assume that the inertial forces are negligible in the direction of the cable chord. The theoretical framework is developed, and an experimental verification is presented. The experiments utilized a TV camera to track a small number of LED targets on the controlled cable, a commercial X-Y tracker and a PC to compute the cable's present position and velocity, and a linear actuator to vary the cable's tension. A Kalman filter was employed to smooth the position estimates and provide least-squares estimates of the cable velocity. The stability limits for the phase and amplitude of the control signal were established. An analytical estimate of the induced damping expected from the control algorithm is derived. Experimental measurements of the cable frequency and induced damping compared well with theoretical predictions. It is shown that he proposed active control approach is a simple, reliable, as well as an effective, method for vibration attenuation in lightly damped, shallow, slack cables.     

悬索桥主缆过三定点的精确线形数值解析计算方法

系统阐述了悬索桥分段悬链线理论及其基本方程,对变化刚度迭代法计算主缆线形进行了深入分析,发现了其不收敛的情况。对此,提出主缆过三定点的精确线形E-M解析计算方法,通过主缆平衡方程分别推导出末点和中间点标高与主缆左端水平和竖向分力H和V的解析关系式,得出综合考虑末点和中间点标高误差影响的H和V的修正迭代式。算例验证与有限元方法吻合较好,在吊索索力极不均匀的情况下,E-M计算方法仍能有效满足主缆线形过三定点的要求,收敛速度快精度高。