薄板坯连铸结晶器中钢液三维流动的数值模拟

采用高 Re数的紊流 K- ε两方程模型 ,且结合壁面函数法对薄板坯连铸结晶器中钢液的紊流流动进行了有限元数值模拟。在数值模拟中 ,考虑了凝固壳厚度分布对流场的影响。在掌握了结晶器内紊流粘性系数分布规律的基础上 ,将流动域在空间进行了分区 ,采用分区选定有效粘性系数的当量层流模型数值模拟了三维紊流流动 ,结果表明 ,当量层流模型可有效的获得与原紊流时均场基本一致的结果 ,但计算效率显著提高 ,为今后工程上计算薄板坯结晶器中的三维流动和考虑流动影响的凝固过程分析提供了实用的方法 ,计算结果也有助于人们对薄板坯连铸结晶器中钢液三维紊流流动特点和与流动有关的板坯质量等问题的理解     

连铸结晶器卷渣过程的实验设计及数值模拟

连铸过程结晶器内卷渣过程是冶金流体力学课程教学中的重点和难点,在课堂讲授过程中学生难以掌握复杂的流体理论知识。结合四川省钒钛资源重点实验室现有的冶金过程结晶器模拟装置,通过在冶金流体力学课教学中引入结晶器内卷渣实验和数值模拟,让学生观察到结晶器内钢液流动,激发学生学习兴趣,改善教学效果。通过实验过程、理论知识及数值模拟分析,满足冶金流体力学课程的教学需求。     

薄板坯连铸结晶器中铸坯凝固壳应力发展的有限元分析

对薄板坯连铸结晶中铸坯凝固壳应力的发展过程建立了有限元分析模型。在计算铸坯温度场和凝壳厚度分布的基础上用热弹粘性模型数值模拟了凝固壳中的应力发展过程，同时得到了凝壳断面从结晶器液池顶面到结晶器出口处的移支过程中各部位裂纹产生倾向的大小。模型中考虑了钢水静压力的作用和结晶器锥度，计算结果合理。     

连铸结晶器卷渣过程的实验设计及数值模拟

连铸过程结晶器内卷渣过程是冶金流体力学课程教学中的重点和难点,在课堂讲授过程中学生难以掌握复杂的流体理论知识。结合四川省钒钛资源重点实验室现有的冶金过程结晶器模拟装置,通过在冶金流体力学课教学中引入结晶器内卷渣实验和数值模拟,让学生观察到结晶器内钢液流动,激发学生学习兴趣,改善教学效果。通过实验过程、理论知识及数值模拟分析,满足冶金流体力学课程的教学需求。     

应用二维LDA系统研究连铸结晶器紊动流场特性

本文以重庆特殊钢厂引进日本四孔水口连铸结晶器为研究对象,用二维激光多普勒测速仪(二维 LDA)较详细地测定了该结晶器模型内的紊动流场,并对其流速分布规律及紊动特性进行了分析研究.文中还讨论了速度偏置误差问题,提出了是否进行偏置误差修正的判别条件.本文的成果对此类结晶器有关温度场、杂质分布及改进设计和工艺控制等后续课题的研究提供了重要的依据.     

小方坯连铸结晶器内凝固坯壳形成及变形热力耦和有限元分析

采用热－力耦合有限元方法分析小方坯连铸结晶器内凝固坯壳的形成及应力分布,得到结晶器长度、结晶器锥度、拉坯速度和钢液过热度等工艺参数对凝固坯壳形成和应力分布的影响规律,所得结果对小方坯连续铸造工艺参数的确定和产品质量的控制具有指导意义。     

薄板坯连铸结晶器内凝固坯壳的数值分析

首先建立三维热传导模型，用差分法计算得到薄板坯连铸结晶器内初生凝固坯壳的几何形状及温度场，并在此基础上采用三维热弹塑性接触有限元方法分析凝固坯壳的应力及变形。针对两种类型的结晶器作了计算分析，对两种拉速下的温度、应力、变形以及成裂指数变化规律进行了比较，所得结果对薄板连铸工艺参数的设计和控制具有指导意义。     

壁湍流相干结构的教学实验(一)──湍流近壁区相干结构的流动显示

用氢气泡流动显示方法对平板湍流边界层近壁区相干结构的猝发过程进行形象、直观的研究,仔细观察低速条纹的抬升－振荡－喷射－破碎以及高速流体扫掠的细节和完整过程。     

连铸结晶器内部流场及熔渣卷入的数值模拟

针对连铸结晶器内部流场及熔渣卷入过程 ,提出了两方程k -ε湍流模型和充填法数值计算模型 ,并采用硅油 /水模拟体系代替熔渣 /钢液体系 ,进行了模拟试验和数值计算。对充气造成的浸入式水口水流脉动的影响进行分析。计算结果与试验结果符合良好 ,表明本文所采用的数值模拟方法是适用的     

计算流体力学在炼钢中的应用和发展

介绍了计算流体力学应用到炼钢过程中所面临的边界条件和材料物性数据等问题．并着重评述了钢包精炼和连铸结晶器过程中流动及相关现象研究概况,指出炼钢过程中数值模拟的目标不是获得描述某给定过程的精确数值,而是获取过程知识,特别是获取实验无法得到的信息．数值模拟不能代替实验,相反是扩大实验的内容．将来的炼钢过程数值模拟工作将面临更复杂的三维、时间相关的多相反应系统或气金渣等自由表面问题的挑战．      

涂层低表面能各分量降低流体噪声的试验研究

水下航行在高速运动时,由于物体和流体的相互作用、边界层中产生了速度和压力脉动鸸 流体噪声。针对低表面能涂层改变流体边支的状态,考察了其在水洞中的降噪效果。涂层表面具有很好的疏水性和低的表面能色散分量与水相互作用力分量,使边界是层增厚,降低由于壁面与流体界面的作用所产生的偶极子声源,从而达到降人氏流体噪声的效果。     

气液两相流压力波传播速度研究

将双流体模型用于绝热无相的管道气液两相流,依据小扰动线化分析原理,导出了压力波波数Ｋ方程通过对不同空隙率下肉体上压力波小随角频率变化的计算,研究了虚拟质量力和狭义相间阻力对压力波波速及其人色散性的影响。对泡状流和弹状流压力波波速的计算结果与前人的测量结果作了比较,两者符合良好。     

Acoustic wave propagation in a flowing liquid-vapour mixture

The two-fluid equations describing transient nonequilibrium liquid-vapour flow have been used to derive a general dispersion relation for acoustic waves. The analysis is valid in principle for both dispersed and separated flow regimes. In contrast to previous work, the predicted sound speeds and attenuations depend only on measurable properties of the flow. The model can apply over a wide range of angular frequencies (up to 1–10⁶ Hz for steam and water), under conditions where the scattering of waves by individual bubbles and droplets is unimportant. Predictions are made for sound speeds and attenuations in both bubbly and annular flow at low Mach numbers. Agreement of the theory with available data is shown to be reasonable.     

用自制仪器精确测定变温液体的粘滞系数

介绍了用恒流法自制仪器精确测定液体的粘滞系数.该自制仪器,能有效地保证底部的密封性、液体水位恒定和可操作性,还增设一个玻璃管连通器,附加一根标尺和游标使液体水位的测量精确度提高.并在接毛细管输出液体的量筒处加上光电计使测量液体流速的精确度提高,采用该仪器测定了水和乙醇两种液体在变温条件下的粘滞系数,经实验比对,所测得结果与理论值能较好地吻合.同时设计了可调换不同管径的毛细管,能快速准确地测量多种变温液体的粘滞系数.     

Gas–liquid two phase flow measurement method based on combination instrument of turbine flowmeter and conductance sensor

In order to solve the flowrate measurement problem of gas–liquid two phase flow widely existing in gas wells of Daqing oil field in China, a new method has been developed, which is based on the combination instrument of turbine flowmeter and conductance sensor with petal type concentrating flow diverter. The turbine and conductance signals under 104 different flow conditions have been acquired through oil–gas–water three phase flow loop experimental facility. To determine the flow pattern in measurement channel, attractor morphologic characteristics are extracted from the conductance signals. For the total flowrate measurement, based on the turbine fluctuant signals of gas–liquid two phase flow, a statistical model with the average error of 7.9% is set up. With regard to the water cut measurement, the characteristics in time and frequency domains are extracted from the fluctuant conductance signals, and then employing the Support Vector Machine (SVM) soft measurement model used in high-dimension data fitting, the water cut prediction is realized with the average error of 0.038. The results show that the combination instrument of turbine flowmeter and conductance sensor with petal type concentrating flow diverter would be useful in measuring the total flowrate and water cut of gas–liquid two phase flow in gas production wells.     

连续体覆冰导线模型的舞动实验研究

建立了适合连续体覆冰导线舞动实验的专用风洞,以连续体单跨覆冰单导线模型为实验对象,采用激光传感器测量了导线不同位置处的位移响应,得到了导线在不同风速下的舞动振型,利用力传感器得到了导线舞动时的动张力。结果表明:覆冰导线在来流风场作用下进行舞动,在随风速增大的过程中先后经历了两个大幅舞动阶段,一阶模态和二阶模态在两个阶段中分别被激发;动张力幅值与舞动幅值基本成正比,动张力频率包含导线模型舞动频率的一倍频和二倍频。在大风速时,导线模型的舞动为多阶模态的耦合振动,在舞动过程中无固定的波峰和结点。     

基于光滑粒子流体动力学的滑油泵数值仿真

基于光滑粒子流体动力学方法,构建齿轮泵壳体及内部流体的粒子模型,对内啮合齿轮泵在不同工况下的流量特性进行数值模拟。首先设置了均匀分布的油泵出入口压强,计算得到的流量结果与试验结果吻合,且在中低转速下流量与转速呈线性关系;针对高转速下油泵流量降低的问题,通过适当减小周期模型内部的流体粒子数反映流量降低,获得了与试验值相吻合的连续转速流量的模拟结果;针对影响齿轮泵性能的间隙和空化现象,结合模型特点给出了相应的近似处理方法。通过以上研究,将SPH方法成功地应用于滑油泵问题的分析计算。     

A two-fluid model of gas-assisted atomization including flow through the nozzle,phase inversion,and spray dispersion

This paper describes a new approach to modelling compressible gas–liquid flows that undergo change of the continuous phase. The presented model includes the system of the ensemble averaged Navier–Stokes equations together with the particle number density equation for each phase. The constitutive equations that depend on the flow regime are obtained from many sub-models that have been developed alongside the main model. Droplet size is allowed to vary in the flow field but is considered constant within a control volume. Bubbles and droplets break-up and coalescence models are adapted to the flow conditions. The proposed model for atomization treats it as a catastrophic phase inversion that takes place over the surface determined by the local values of phase volume fractions. The model is applied to simulate the premixed air-assisted atomization of water in a nozzle-type device. The computational domain includes the nozzle and the surrounding area of the spray dispersion. The model performance has been verified by comparing the predicted and measured liquid flow rates in the spray as well as the pressure values along the nozzle wall. Computational results are analysed, and the main flow features are presented.     

A mesh patching method for finite volume modelling of shallow water flow

A new mesh‐patching model is presented for shallow water flow described by the 2D non‐linear shallow water (NLSW) equations. The mesh‐patching model is based on AMAZON, a high‐resolution NLSW engine with an improved HLLC approximate Riemann solver. A new patching algorithm has been developed, which not only provides improved spatial resolution of flow features in particular parts of the mesh, but also simplifies and speeds up the (structured) grid generation process for an area with complicated geometry. The new patching technique is also compatible with increasingly popular parallel computing and adaptive grid techniques. The patching algorithm has been tested with moving bores, and results of test problems are presented and compared to previous work. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.