基于3S学习模式的理论力学课程教学研究与实践

3S学习模式包括自学(study independently)、研讨(seminar)、科学研究(science research)三部分.本文以突出培养大学生的自主学习能力、自我驱动能力和创新意识为出发点,以理论力学课程为教学研究平台,开展3S学习模式在理论力学课程中的应用研究与实践.介绍了结合理论力学课程的3S学习模式的实施方法和实施内容以及存在的问题,对实施的效果进行了评估,给出了教学设计的总体思路,为推动理论力学课程教学新体系和教学新模式的建立提供了重要依据和参照.     

强化学生力学建模能力的几点思考

本文提出了以培养力学建模能力为载体, 强化力学思维方式的教学思想. 重点以固体力学主干课程为基础分析和讨论了力学模型的概念和要点, 强调了力学基本量和基本原理学习的重要性, 并对力学模型的建模方法、分类、基本原则进行了讨论. 通过理论力学和材料力学的典型例题分析, 举例说明了建模步骤. 最后, 对如何在教学中培养学生力学建模能力、学习要点、学习方法进行了探讨.     

FROM “TEACHERS TEACH” TO “STUDENTS LEARN”

在强调素质教育的今天,“以学生为中心”的教育理念已逐渐成为共识。培养学生自主学习的意识、兴趣和方法是这一理念的重要部分。而要实现从传统的被动式的“教师教”到主动式的“学生学”,是高校教师和学生共同面对的挑战。同济大学教学质量管理办公室和教师发展中心多次召开专题讨论会,以探寻实现“学生为中心”教学的可行方法。部分学生习惯了“灌输式”教学固然是“学生主动学”难以实施的原因之一,课堂教学没有吸引力也是教师们应该特别注意改进的。设计以学生学习能力培养为基准的评价体系以提高学生学和教师教的积极性、适当引进“同伴教”以取代全面“灌输式”教学、设计更具挑战性的无标准答案问题等都是有效提高学生学习主动性和积极性的措施。     

从“教师教”到“学生学”

在强调素质教育的今天,"以学生为中心"的教育理念已逐渐成为共识。培养学生自主学习的意识、兴趣和方法是这一理念的重要部分。而要实现从传统的被动式的"教师教"到主动式的"学生学",是高校教师和学生共同面对的挑战。同济大学教学质量管理办公室和教师发展中心多次召开专题讨论会,以探寻实现"学生为中心"教学的可行方法。部分学生习惯了"灌输式"教学固然是"学生主动学"难以实施的原因之一,课堂教学没有吸引力也是教师们应该特别注意改进的。设计以学生学习能力培养为基准的评价体系以提高学生学和教师教的积极性、适当引进"同伴教"以取代全面"灌输式"教学、设计更具挑战性的无标准答案问题等都是有效提高学生学习主动性和积极性的措施。     

新工科工程力学云教材建设的研究与实践

新工科的人才培养目标使混合式教学模式成为高校教学改革的重要趋势。云教材是与混合式教学模式相契合的教学资源。工程力学云教材的建设贯彻以成果为导向的教育理念,明确学习目标,集成富媒体数字出版、云服务和移动学习三大领域的前沿技术,为工程力学混合式教学提供配套的教学资源。实践应用表明,工程力学云教材提高了学生的学习兴趣和自主学习能力,助力新工科的建设。     

基于微信公众平台的结构力学翻转课堂教学与应用

分析了应用型本科院校结构力学课程教学的现状及存在的不足,对传统结构力学课程教学模式提出改革目标、思路和具体实施方法.针对当今智能手机和社交网络的普及,建立了基于微信公众平台的结构力学翻转课堂教学模式,教学中以学生为主导,激发学生的主观能动性和学习兴趣,培养学生自主学习能力和协作能力,契合应用型土木本科专业的高素质人才培养目标和宗旨.     

融合信息技术,探索军队院校力学课程的形成性考核模式

融合信息技术,探索以学生为中心、以能力培养为导向的力学课程形成性考核模式,并以流体力学课程实施为例,把学生的学习过程细分为教学前、中、后三阶段,对其知识学习情况、自主学习能力、随堂学习能力、团队合作能力、交流研讨能力、求解问题能力及应用创新能力等进行全面监督、测评与激励,促进学生全方位发展,通过两种考核模式比较综合地给予每位学生评价,教学质量大幅提升。     

面向专业人才培养目标的材料力学一流课程建设

在深入分析课程建设面临教育教学理念、专业培养目标、学生学习动力等挑战的基础上,中国矿业大学(北京)材料力学教学团队贯彻成果导向教育理念,"反向设计、正向支撑",将专业人才培养目标分解落实到课程中,夯实课程教学与毕业要求指标点的支撑关系;探索实践了以学生为中心的双闭环教学模式,强化课内外教学互动。结合多元化质量评价,教师动态分析学情、持续改进教学,切实保障了专业培养目标的达成和个性化学习成果的产出。     

THE PREPARATION OF CLOUD TEACHING MATERIALS OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS AND NEW ENGINEERING CONCEPT1)

新工科的人才培养目标使混合式教学模式成为高校教学改革的重要趋势。云教材是与混合式教学模式相契合的教学资源。工程力学云教材的建设贯彻以成果为导向的教育理念,明确学习目标,集成富媒体数字出版、云服务和移动学习三大领域的前沿技术,为工程力学混合式教学提供配套的教学资源。实践应用表明,工程力学云教材提高了学生的学习兴趣和自主学习能力,助力新工科的建设。     

工程教育专业认证背景下地方应用型高校多元混合式一流课程建设——以“材料力学”为例

从工程教育专业认证的视角来看,课程教学已经不再以“内容为本”,教学内容、资源、手段和组织形式等需要围绕实现课程教学目标和达成学生预期学习成果而展开。将金课的“两性一度”、工程教育专业认证的“三大理念”和BOPPPS(bridge-in, objective, pre-assessment, participatory learning, post-assessment, summary)教学模型的“六个模块”相结合,探索了一种“导入有创新、目标较高阶、前测有挑战、以学生为中心的交互、以产出为导向的后测和持续改进的总结”的教学模式。以“材料力学”课程为例,探索在一流课程建设过程中,教师应该“如何教、教什么”才能让学生“乐于学、学的到”,逐步形成了以“课程目标—资源建设—组织实施—综合评价—持续改进”的集知识传授、能力培养和价值塑造为一体的课程教学闭环。     

以《力学设计与操作》课程为例，浅谈力学创新实践型教学

面对新一轮科技革命和产业变革,培养实践水平与创新能力兼具的工程人才,必须落实到课程改革．本文提出了一种力学创新实践型教学模式,以学生为中心,成果为导向,从知识、能力、价值观三个层次的培养目标出发,通过开设《力学设计与操作》课程实现对教学设计的具体实施．经过七年的持续优化改进迭代,将“学与做”稳固结合,注重理论授课与竞赛促学的反馈优化调整,发展了优质本科生科创团队,教学成果显著,深受学生欢迎．本文是对该课程的介绍、分析与总结,希望对我国“新工科”建设背景下创新型的卓越工程人才课程改革起借鉴作用．     

EXPLORATION AND PRACTICE OF HIGHER ORDER CONSTRUCTION FOR TEACHING OF THEORETICAL MECHANICS1)

课程是人才培养的核心要素,课程质量直接决定人才培养质量。为深入推进课堂教学改革,本文以理论力学课程的教学改革和实践为研究平台,结合学生的高阶思维能力培养和课程目标的高阶性设计思路,讨论了理论力学课程高阶性建设的思路和实践。通过构建"1+4+$N$"的课堂教学体系,梳理课程知识点,将教与学相统一。并以点的合成运动为例,分析了课程高阶性建设的实施路径和策略,从而为提高人才培养质量进行的课程教育教学改革提供一些思路和借鉴。     

基础力学课程考试改革应充分反映课程的教学要求

通过对现行基础力学课程考试中存在的问题和近年来基础力学考试改革现状的分析, 根据基础力学课程内容多、课时多、修课人数多的特点, 提出了基础力学考试改革的新理念 和操作方法, 指出基础力学考试改革应充分反映课程 的教学要求, 而且应有利于对课程教与学的良性促进.     

一个典型的定性结构力学命题————两端固定单跨梁在温度变化条件下的弯曲变形

两端固定单跨梁在温度变化条件下的弯曲变形命题是``定性结构力学'的一个典型例题, 通
过该命题的提出和解答, 展示了定性结构力学的基本概念和运用手法, 有助于学生了解和掌
握定性结构力学的基本原理和方法.     

Assessment of Digital Image Correlation Measurement Errors: Methodology and Results

Optical full-field measurement methods such as Digital Image Correlation (DIC) are increasingly used in the field of experimental mechanics, but they still suffer from a lack of information about their metrological performances. To assess the performance of DIC techniques and give some practical rules for users, a collaborative work has been carried out by the Workgroup “Metrology” of the French CNRS research network 2519 “MCIMS (Mesures de Champs et Identification en Mécanique des Solides / Full-field measurement and identification in solid mechanics, http://www.ifma.fr/lami/gdr2519)”. A methodology is proposed to assess the metrological performances of the image processing algorithms that constitute their main component, the knowledge of which being required for a global assessment of the whole measurement system. The study is based on displacement error assessment from synthetic speckle images. Series of synthetic reference and deformed images with random patterns have been generated, assuming a sinusoidal displacement field with various frequencies and amplitudes. Displacements are evaluated by several DIC packages based on various formulations and used in the French community. Evaluated displacements are compared with the exact imposed values and errors are statistically analyzed. Results show general trends rather independent of the implementations but strongly correlated with the assumptions of the underlying algorithms. Various error regimes are identified, for which the dependence of the uncertainty with the parameters of the algorithms, such as subset size, gray level interpolation or shape functions, is discussed.     

Turbulence from 1870 to 1920: The birth of a noun and of a concept

We consider here the works of French, British, and German researchers in fluid mechanics from 1870 to the beginning of the twentieth century. Our aim is to understand how the term “turbulence” introduced by William Thomson in 1887, which was not used by the main researchers of the time, including Joseph Boussinesq, Osborne Reynolds, Lord Rayleigh, Horace Lamb in the first editions of his book, became classical in the 1920s. We trace the first introductions of the terms “turbulence”, “turbulent flow” in the works of relatively unknown researchers between 1889 and 1903, until it reaches the vocabulary of mainstream researchers in fluid mechanics and physics. Our result is that the shift was in 1906–1908, when the term was used in the 1906 edition of the book of Horace Lamb, and in Lanchester's book, followed by a series of papers of German researchers before the First World War.The use of the word “turbulence”, a word used for a long time for crowds or for children, in a scientific context, corresponds to the introduction of a new concept, a new understanding of a scientific phenomenon clearly identified as being different from laminar motion. The study of the use of this term is also the study of the diffusion of a new concept among researchers of the time.     

Variational Lagrangian-thermodynamics of nonisothermal finite strain mechanics of porous solids and thermomolecular diffusion

The nonisothermal finite strain dynamics of a porous solid containing a viscous fluid is developed on the basis of a new thermodynamics of open systems and irreversible processes. The same theory is applicable to the mechanics of a nonporous solid with thermomolecular diffusion of a substance in solution. New fundamental concepts of “thermobaric” and “convective” potentials are presented in the context of porous solids. Field equations and Lagrangian equations with generalized coordinates are derived directly from a variational principle of “virtual dissipation”. Inclusion of nonlinear viscoelasticity and plastic behavior is indicated. Partial saturation of pore fluid is discussed. The theory is applicable to the mechanics of a non porous solid with thermolecular diffusion of several molecular species in solution, and under certain conditions to the analogous case of a porous solid containg a fluid mixture. It is shown how the Lagrangian equations provide the foundation of finite element methods.     

A door to model reduction in high-dimensional parameter space

Model reduction techniques such as Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD) are decision-making tools that are about to revolutionize many domains. Unfortunately, their computation is still problematic for problems involving many parameters, for which one has to face the “curse of dimensionality”. An answer to this challenge is given in solid mechanics by the so-called “parameter-multiscale PGD”, which is based on Saint-Venant's principle. In this article, a model problem composed of up to a thousand parameters is presented, showing that the method is able to overcome the “curse of dimensionality”.