不同拉压模量厚壁球壳弹塑性分析

对具有不同拉压模量的厚壁球壳,采用双剪统一强度理论推导了其扩张问题的应力及位移的统一解.分析了不同模量、不同模型控制参数对厚壁球壳扩张时的扩张压力和应力场的影响.结果表明:厚壁球壳弹性极限压力、应力场、位移场等均随着模量控制参数、模型参数的变化而变化,在α1的情况下(即E~+E~-),可以明显提高球壳的弹性极限压力p_e;厚壁球壳塑性极限压力与材料的拉压模量无关,与模型参数η有关,且随η的增加,先增大后减小.因此若采用经典的弹性理论和单一的模型参数对厚壁球壳进行设计计算,会带来较大的误差.     

不同拉压特性的厚壁球壳分析

为了研究内压作用下厚壁球壳的弹塑性性能,以双剪统一强度理论为基础,考虑材料拉压模量不同、拉压强度差异,建立了厚壁球壳的弹性、塑性及安定极限内压的统一解,分析了拉压模量、拉压强度、壁厚不同对各个统一解的影响。研究结果表明:材料的拉压模量不同、拉压强度差异对厚壁球壳的极限内压产生一定的影响;弹性、塑性及安定极限内压均随壁厚的增加而增大,随拉压比的增大而减小。安定极限内压随半径比的变化趋势,可为选择最优壁厚提供参考。该结论为厚壁球壳的设计及工程应用提供一定的参考。     

拉压异性线性等向强化材料厚壁球壳极限分析

运用Mohr屈服准则对承受内压的拉压屈服强度不同的线性等向强化材料的厚壁球壳进行了极限载荷分析，得到了依赖于拉压比和强化模量的厚壁球壳极限载荷解析式和依赖于拉压比和强化模量的厚壁球壳极限载荷分析式。结果表明，材料拉压屈服强度的不同和强化特性对厚壁球壳极限载荷均有一定的影响。     

拉压性能不同材料厚壁圆筒和厚壁球壳的极限压力分析

本文用广义双剪应力强度理论对拉压性能不同的材料制成的厚壁圆筒和厚壁球壳进行了弹塑性应力分析，得出与拉压比有关的弹性极限内压力、塑性极限内压力、弹塑性区的应力以及弹塑性内压力与弹塑性半径之间的关系式．     

拉压性能不同材料厚壁圆筒与厚壁球壳的极限压力

本文就拉压屈服极限不同的理想弹塑性材料厚壁圆筒及厚壁球壳在内压力作用下进行了应力分析，得到了依赖于压拉比的弹性极限载荷与塑性极限载荷．由分析结果可见，拉压性能不同材料的弹性极限载荷与塑性极限载荷均有所提高，并且随着壁厚的增加提高量也有显著增加．     

拉压性能不同材料厚壁圆筒与厚壁球壳的极限压力

本文就拉压屈服极限不同的理想弹塑性材料厚壁圆筒及厚壁球壳在内压力作用下进行了应力分析，得到了依赖于压拉比的弹性极限载荷与塑性极限载荷。由分析结果可见，拉压性能不同材料的弹性极限载荷与塑性极限载荷均有所提高，并且随着壁厚的增加提高量也有显著增加。     

不同拉压特性的厚壁圆筒极限内压统一解

厚壁圆筒在实际工程领域中应用广泛,若能精确计算出极限内压,对预防事故发生,降低风险有重要意义.工程中存在许多材料,其拉压强度和拉压模量均存在差异,这些差异对极限内压的大小有显著影响.以往研究表明,仅考虑拉压强度与拉压模量的一个方面,计算结果与实际情况存在一定的误差.本文基于双剪统一强度理论,综合考虑中间主应力效应及材料拉压强度和拉压模量的不同,推导了内压作用下厚壁圆筒的弹、塑性状态的应力分布及弹性极限内压、塑性极限内压与安定极限内压的统一解,通过与其他文献对比分析验证了本文计算结果的正确性,分析了半径比、统一强度理论参数、拉压强度比与拉压模量系数对弹性极限内压、塑性极限内压及安定极限内压的影响.结果表明:统一解均随半径比和统一强度理论参数的增大而增大,随拉压强度比的增大而减小,弹性极限内压随材料拉压模量系数的增大而减小,当壁厚增加到一定值后,安定极限内压随材料拉压模量系数的增大而减小;材料的拉压模量不同、拉压强度差异对厚壁圆筒的安定性影响显著,考虑中间主应力效应可使材料的潜能得到更充分发挥,极限内压随半径比的变化规律可为选择合理壁厚提供参考,该结论可为厚壁圆筒的工程应用提供理论依据.     

不同拉压特性的双层厚壁圆筒极限承载力解答

采用统一强度理论并考虑材料拉伸与压缩弹性模量的差异性，建立均匀内压作用下双层厚壁圆筒的应力表达式，获得了其内压相应的弹性极限解答、塑性极限解答，并分析拉压强度比、拉压模量系数、统一强度理论参数、半径比及分层半径对弹性、塑性极限内压的影响规律．研究结果表明：弹性、塑性极限内压随拉压强度比的增加而减小，但随统一强度理论参数、半径比的增加而增大；弹性极限内压随分层半径的增加呈现先增大后减小变化，随拉压模量系数的增加而一直减小；塑性极限内压与拉压模量系数、分层半径无关．应用于实际工程时，可根据所得结果选择合理的壁厚及分层半径，再根据材料特性确定其他参数，以便更加准确地计算结构的受力状况．     

考虑拉压不同模量压力隧洞应力和位移弹性解

岩石拉压弹性常数并不相同.基于拉压不同模量理论,考虑衬砌和围岩模量差异性,推导了压力隧洞的应力、位移新解及围岩弹性抗力表达式,并分析了模量差异对压力隧洞力学行为的影响.结果表明,新解可退化为经典解答;径向应力新解大于经典解,而切向应力则反之,位移经典解小于新解;围岩弹性抗力系数随压拉模量比增大呈抛物线变化.衬砌和围岩模...     

拉压屈服强度不同材料的厚壁球壳的极限分析

本文对拉压屈服强度不同（简称具有Ｓ－Ｄ效应）材料的厚壁球壳进行了极限分析。证明材料的拉压屈服强度不同对结构承载能力的影响是很明显的，所获得的反映材料拉压屈服强度不同的极限荷载公式可供设计人员参考。     

拉压不同弹性模量薄板上圆孔的应力分析

采用弹性理论研究了拉压不同弹性模量薄板上圆孔的孔边应力集中问题．采用广义虎克定律推导出了拉压不同弹性模量薄板上圆孔边的应力平衡方程,并联合利用应力函数及边界条件得到了拉压不同弹性模量薄板上圆孔边的应力表达式．算例分析表明,当薄板材料的拉压弹性模量相差较大时,采用经典弹性理论研究薄板上圆孔的孔边应力是不合适的,当经典弹性理论与拉压不同弹性模量弹性理论的计算结果间的差别超过工程允许误差5%时,应该采用拉压不同弹性模量弹性理论进行计算．     

考虑损伤拉压不同模量梁的纯弯曲

根据考虑损伤的变模量弹性理论,建立了考虑损伤的拉压不同模量梁的弯曲基本方程,推导了梁的拉（压)应力、受拉区高度和挠度的计算公式．应用数值计算方法,分别得到了有损与无损时梁极限拉（压）应力、受拉区高度与模量比的关系曲线以及有损梁的最大挠度和模量比的关系曲线,同时得到了梁拉（压）应力比值、损伤引起的中性轴偏移量和梁跨中挠度比值与载荷的关系曲线．这些结论可为工程上具拉压不同模量梁的截面设计提供一定的参考价值．     

Finite and transversely isotropic elastic cylinders under compression with end constraint induced by friction

This paper derives an exact solution for the non-uniform stress and displacement fields within a finite, transversely isotropic, and linear elastic cylinder under compression with a kind of radial constraint induced by friction between the end surfaces of the cylinder and the loading platens. The main feature of the present work is the introduction of a general solution form for Lekhnitskii’s stress function such that the governing equation and all end and curved boundary conditions of the cylinder are satisfied exactly. Two different solutions were obtained corresponding to the real or complex characteristic roots of the governing equation, depending on the combination of the elastic material constants. The solution by Watanabe [Watanabe, S., 1996. Elastic analysis of axi-symmetric finite cylinder constrained radial displacement on the loading end. Structural Engineering/Earthquake Engineering JSCE 13, 175s–185s] for isotropic cylinders under compression test can be recovered as a special case. Our numerical results show that both the non-uniform stress distribution and the difference between the apparent and the true Young’s moduli of the cylinder are very sensitive to the anisotropy of Young’s moduli, Poisson’s ratios and shear moduli. A more distinct bulging shape of the cylinder is expected when anisotropy in shear modulus is strong, the cylinder is relatively short, and the end constraint is large. The bulging shape, however, does not depend strongly on anisotropy of either Poisson’s ratio or Young’s modulus.     

Bounds on the overall properties of composites with ellipsoidal inclusions

A new model is put forward to bound the effective elastic moduli of composites with ellipsoidal inclusions. In the present paper, transition layer for each ellipsoidal inclusion is introduced to make the trial displacement field for the upper bound and the trial stress field for the lower bound satisfy the continuous interface conditions which are absolutely necessary for the application of variational principles. According to the principles of minimum potential energy and minimum complementary energy, the upper and lower bounds on the effective elastic moduli of composites with ellipsoidal inclusions are rigorously derived. The effects of the distribution and geometric parameters of ellipsoidal inclusions on the bounds of the effective elastic moduli are analyzed in details. The present upper and lower bounds are still finite when the bulk and shear moduli of ellipsoidal inclusions tend to infinity and zero, respectively. It should be mentioned that the present method is simple and needs not calculate the complex integrals of multi-point correlation functions. Meanwhile, the present paper provides an entirely different way to bound the effective elastic moduli of composites with ellipsoidal inclusions, which can be developed to obtain a series of bounds by taking different trial displacement and stress fields.     

Elastic fields around a nanosized spheroidal cavity under arbitrary uniform remote loadings

When the size of a cavity shrinks to nanometers, surface effect plays an important role in its mechanical behavior. Based on the surface elasticity, we investigated the elastic fields around a spheroidal cavity embedded in an isotropic elastic medium subjected to arbitrary uniform loadings. Using the displacement potential functions method, we derived the general solution of elastic fields around a nanosized spheroidal cavity with surface effect. For six independent loading cases, the surface effects on the elastic fields around a cavity are presented in detail. It is shown that the elastic fields near a nanosized cavity depend not only on the shape and the size of the cavity but also on the residual surface tension and the surface elastic constants. The surface effect is different in different locations of the nanosized spheroidal cavity and under different remote loadings. The present results are clearly different from the classical ones, and are useful to the damage analysis and prediction of the effective moduli of heterogeneous materials containing nanosized cavities.     

Displacement of surrounding rock in a deep circular hole considering double moduli and strength-stiffness degradation

The problem of cavity stability widely exists in deep underground engineering and energy exploitation. First, the stress field of the surrounding rock under the uniform stress field is deduced based on a post-peak strength drop model considering the rock's characteristics of constant modulus and double moduli. Then, the orthogonal non-associative flow rule is used to establish the displacement of the surrounding rock under constant modulus and double moduli, respectively, considering the stiffness degradation and dilatancy effects in the plastic region and assuming that the elastic strain in the plastic region satisfies the elastic constitutive relationship. Finally, the evolution of the displacement in the surrounding rock is analyzed under the effects of the double modulus characteristics, the strength drop, the stiffness degradation, and the dilatancy. The results show that the displacement solutions of the surrounding rock under constant modulus and double moduli have a unified expression. The coefficients of the expression are related to the stress field of the original rock, the elastic constant of the surrounding rock, the strength parameters, and the dilatancy angle. The strength drop, the stiffness degradation, and the dilatancy effects all have effects on the displacement. The effects can be characterized by quantitative relationships.     

Micromechanical study of elastic moduli of loose granular materials

In micromechanics of the elastic behaviour of granular materials, the macro-scale continuum elastic moduli are expressed in terms of micro-scale parameters, such as coordination number (the average number of contacts per particle) and interparticle contact stiffnesses in normal and tangential directions. It is well-known that mean-field theory gives inaccurate micromechanical predictions of the elastic moduli, especially for loose systems with low coordination number. Improved predictions of the moduli are obtained here for loose two-dimensional, isotropic assemblies. This is achieved by determining approximate displacement and rotation fields from the force and moment equilibrium conditions for small sub-assemblies of various sizes. It is assumed that the outer particles of these sub-assemblies move according to the mean field. From the particle displacement and rotation fields thus obtained, approximate elastic moduli are determined. The resulting predictions are compared with the true moduli, as determined from the discrete element method simulations for low coordination numbers and for various values of the tangential stiffness (at fixed value of the normal stiffness). Using this approach, accurate predictions of the moduli are obtained, especially when larger sub-assemblies are considered. As a step towards an analytical formulation of the present approach, it is investigated whether it is possible to replace the local contact stiffness matrices by a suitable average stiffness matrix. It is found that this generally leads to a deterioration of the accuracy of the predictions. Many micromechanical studies predict that the macroscopic bulk modulus is hardly influenced by the value of the tangential stiffness. It is shown here from the discrete element method simulations of hydrostatic compression that for loose systems, the bulk modulus strongly depends on the stiffness ratio for small stiffness ratios.     

拉压模量不同材料的圆孔扩张问题

本文建立了拉、压模量不同材料的圆孔扩展理论，分析了有关参数对圆孔扩张时应力、位移以及塑性区的发展规律的影响。