Application of generalized variational principle for solving assembly stress of rod system

利用拉格朗日乘数法建立广义变分原理以求解有误差杆件结构装配应力. 引入拉格朗日乘数并结合静力平衡方程,构造无条件广义变分原理的新泛函,求解新泛函的极值问题,获得超静定的变形协调方程,从而计算有误差杆件结构的装配应力. 结果表明：该方法求解装配应力的通用性较强,不但克服传统几何方法建立变形协调方程的缺陷,而且具有计算过程简洁以及便于掌握等优点.     

广义变分原理在求解杆系装配应力中的应用

利用拉格朗日乘数法建立广义变分原理以求解有误差杆件结构装配应力.引入拉格朗日乘数并结合静力平衡方程,构造无条件广义变分原理的新泛函,求解新泛函的极值问题,获得超静定的变形协调方程,从而计算有误差杆件结构的装配应力.结果表明:该方法求解装配应力的通用性较强,不但克服传统几何方法建立变形协调方程的缺陷,而且具有计算过程简洁以及便于掌握等优点.     

关于材料力学中小变形问题的讨论

 着重讨论了材料力学中小变形假设下采用原尺寸原理和以直代曲方法所引起的相对误 差,得出小变形假设的适用范围. 主要通过对称结构、非对称结构和超静定对称结构,分析 应用原尺寸原理所得的结果与根据实际变形计算的结果之区别,得出小变形的定义是个相对 的概念,与结构的初始角度和允许的应变有关;小变形假设的适用范围是由工程中的允许误 差来确定的.     

关于逐段变形效应叠加法的证明与讨论

提出逐段变形效应叠加法适用于含有悬臂梁部分的结构，一般不适用于简支梁. 对于 简支梁，用荷载叠加法比较方便. 用相当简单的方法证明了逐段变形效应叠加法. 讨论了 该方法在静定结构与静不定结构中应用的可能性. 由于该方法适用于含有悬臂部分的结构， 提议将该方法改称为分段悬臂梁叠加法.     

计算梁与刚架位移两类叠加法的适用范围

 结合梁的小挠度理论、线性常微分方程及线性代数 有关知识, 阐明了计算梁与刚架位移的逐段变形效应叠加法的理论基础, 指出它比 另一类叠加法,即载荷叠加法的适用范围小. 采用逐段变形效应叠加法分析静不定 结构时, 必须先将此结构变换为静定的相当系统.     

《结构力学》

这是介绍杆件结构静力学基本知识的书,内容包括静定结构的受力分析、结构的位移计算、超静定结构的分析以及结构计算简图的选择。本书着重讲述基本概念和基本原理,可以作为学习结构力学的入门书籍。 本书的一个特点是重视结构力学与设计施工的联系,力求在实践的基础上提高     

杆件体系第二类计算自由度通式的建立

为进行杆件体系的机动分析、为在计算超静定结构时确定力法的多余约束个数以及位移法独立线位移个数,都涉及到杆件体系计算自由度问题。当用计算机计算杆系结构内力时,为防止由于结构计算简图在简化过程中变为几何可变体系而发生"溢出"停机,也要求体系的计算自由度。因此求计算自由度,在结构力学教学和工程设计中,占有重要地位。     

一种超静定变截面梁的力法计算技巧

力法计算变截面超静定梁的弯矩图时,在选取基本结构后,用图乘法计算相关系数的过程中,分割图形数目多,计算量大容易出错.针对这个问题,提出了一种变截面处铰化分解杆件的技巧,用来减少图乘次数,降低计算量,提高计算效率.该技巧可广泛应用于变截面超静定梁弯矩图为折线的情况,在授课过程中使学生概念清晰,易于接受,且有助于提高计算正确率,值得推广     

静定平面桁架设计性实验教学模型的研制

 本静定平面桁架设计性实验教学模型为学生提供可自行组装的桁架结构， 结合理论计算与电测实验技术，研究实际桁架与理想桁架杆件的受力情况. 实验结果表明， 本静定平面桁架模型的设计是比较理想的. 通过该模型的设计，可以培养学生独立设计实 验、发现问题和解决问题的能力以及掌握相关的实验操作技能等；使学生充分认识实际 桁架与理想桁架构造上的差别，是《理论力学》和《结构力学》等课程教学的有效补充 与延伸.     

柔性套管约束下轴心受压杆件的屈曲分析

针对柔性套管约束杆件,研究了轴压杆件与约束杆件点、线接触时的约束屈曲．在小挠度变形假设下,根据轴压杆件与约束杆件满足变形协调条件的二阶平衡微分方程,推导了轴压杆件挠度、轴向位移、接触反力的计算公式,并且由轴向压力唯一确定了线接触的长度．算例分析表明：当约束杆件刚度较小时,轴压杆件弯曲产生的轴向位移较大；当约束杆件刚度较大时,轴压杆件弯曲产生的轴向位移较小,该轴向位移与文献中的大挠度解吻合很好,从而得出小挠度变形假设是合理的．     

A viscoelastic constitutive model of rubber under small oscillatory load superimposed on large static deformation

Summary  A viscoelastic constitutive equation of rubber that is under small oscillatory load superimposed on large static deformation is proposed. The model is derived through linearization of Simo's nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model and reference configuration transformation. Most importantly, in this model, static deformation correction factor is introduced to consider the influence of pre-strain on the relaxation function. Natural statically pre-deformed state is served as reference configuration. The proposed constitutive equation is extended to a generalized viscoelastic constitutive equation that includes widely used Morman's model as a special case using objective stress increment. The proposed constitutive model is tested for dynamic behavior of rubber specimens with different carbon black content. It is concluded from the test that the assumption that the effects of static deformation can be separated from time effects, which is the basis of Morman's model, is only applicable to unfilled rubber. The viscoelastic constitutive equation for filled rubber must include, therefore, the influence of the static deformation on the time effects. The suggested constitutive equation with static deformation correction factor shows good agreement with test values. Received 4 January 2001; accepted for publication 13 June 2001     

广义双重抗侧力结构体系的统一位移计算理论

在广义概念上将建筑结构视为由同时考虑弯曲变形、剪切变形的两种子结构组成的双重抗侧力结构体系, 提出弹性阶段广义双重结构水平位移的统一的计算方法. 子结构单独承受水平外载荷时其内力与变形的关系服从Timoshenko剪切梁基本理论, 在子结构协同工作的基础上, 采用水平变形连续化的计算方法, 建立了广义双重抗侧力结构体系的统一位移微分方程, 以结构承受均布载荷作用为例推导出两个子结构的弯曲变形、剪切变形及结构总水平位移的通用解析表达式. 对框架-剪力墙结构与广义双重结构的位移微分方程式、微分方程特解、水平位移解析解进行了全面对比分析, 证明了框架-剪力墙结构是隶属于广义双重结构体系的一种具体表现形式; 算例分析表明, 对于一般中高层双重抗侧力结构, 采用解析法计算所得的位移结果能够满足一般工程设计的精度要求.      

Linearized Theory of Peridynamic States

A state-based peridynamic material model describes internal forces acting on a point in terms of the collective deformation of all the material within a neighborhood of the point. In this paper, the response of a state-based peridynamic material is investigated for a small deformation superposed on a large deformation. The appropriate notion of a small deformation restricts the relative displacement between points, but it does not involve the deformation gradient (which would be undefined on a crack). The material properties that govern the linearized material response are expressed in terms of a new quantity called the modulus state. This determines the force in each bond resulting from an incremental deformation of itself or of other bonds. Conditions are derived for a linearized material model to be elastic, objective, and to satisfy balance of angular momentum. If the material is elastic, then the modulus state is obtainable from the second Fréchet derivative of the strain energy density function. The equation of equilibrium with a linearized material model is a linear Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. An analogue of Poincaré’s theorem is proved that applies to the infinite dimensional space of all peridynamic vector states, providing a condition similar to irrotationality in vector calculus.     

压电智能环形板的主动控制

对在不同位置粘有任意多组压电传感器和压电执行器的轴对称弹性环形薄板的振动控制进行了研究．根据压电执行元件的等效作用量得到了压电智能环板的振动控制方程和传感方程,再利用分离变量法以及由传感器测得的电量和作用在执行器上电压之间的控制模式得到振动方程的全解．实行了对整体结构的主动控制．对不同的压电片布置进行了数值计算．结果表明：当离散分布压电元件布置越密,振动衰减的效果越佳     

A perturbation analysis of the unstable plastic flow pattern evolution in an aluminum alloy

In the tensile loading of sheet metals made from some polycrystalline aluminum alloys, a single deformation band appears inclined to the elongation axis in the early stage of deformation, and symmetric double bands are observed in the later stage. This evolution of spatial characteristics of such an unstable plastic flow pattern in a polycrystalline aluminum alloy has been analyzed by a perturbation method. A small number of slip modes are taken to describe the tensile strain. A rate-dependent constitutive equation is used for each slip mode to account for the interaction between dislocations and solute atoms in dynamic strain aging. Unconstrained and constrained models are used to impose appropriate loading conditions at the early and later deformation stages, respectively. Both plane-strain and plane-stress cases are considered. It is found out that the change of boundary conditions and material inhomogeneity during the course of plastic deformation are closely related to the evolution of spatial characteristics of shear band (the Portevin–Le Chatelier band) patterns observed in experiments.     

聚合物熔体的非仿射网络结构模型及其数值解

假设聚合物熔体的缠结网络形变是非仿射的，运用瞬态网络结构原理。并利用Liu提出的动态速率方程以及上随体Maxwell本构方程来建立一个适合于振动剪切作用下的聚合物熔全非仿射网络结构模型。利用这一模型来研究振动剪切作用下LDPE和HDPE熔体的流变行为。研究表明，在一种合理的初始简化条件下可以获得模型的数值解。将理论预测值与实验值进行比较后得知二者具有良好的吻合性，从而简化了模型的计算过程。同时，通过比较得知所建立的非仿射网络结构本构方程比仿射网络结构本构方程的精确度要高，而且在振动力场作用下。具有长支链的LDPE熔体有少量的非仿射网络形变，而没有长支链的HDPE熔体则有较多的非仿射网络形变。因此在建立振动力场作用下聚烯烃熔体本构方程时应充分考虑聚合物熔体网络的非仿射形变。     

柔性微粒介电泳分离过程的多尺度模拟

介电泳分离是一种高效的微细颗粒分离技术,利用非均匀电场极化并操纵分离微流道中的颗粒. 柔性微粒在介电泳分离过程中同时受多种物理场、多相流和微粒变形等复杂因素的影响,仅用单一的计算方法对其进行模拟存在一定的难度,本文采用有限单元——格子玻尔兹曼耦合计算的方法处理这一难题.介观尺度的格子玻尔兹曼方法将流体看成由大量微小粒子组成,在离散格子上求解玻尔兹曼输运方程,易于处理多相流及大变形问题,特别适合模拟柔性颗粒在介电泳分离过程中的变形情况.另一方面,介电泳分离过程的模拟需求解流体、电场和微粒运动方程,计算量相当庞大,通过有限单元法求解介电泳力,提高计算效率.利用这种多尺度耦合计算方法,对一款现有的介电泳芯片分离过程进行了模拟.分析了微粒在电场作用下产生的介电泳力,揭示了介电泳力与电场变化率等因素之间的关系.对微粒运动轨迹及其变形的情况进行了研究,发现微粒的变形主要与流体剪切作用有关.这种多尺度耦合计算方法,为复杂微流体的计算提供了一种有效的解决方案.      

A simplified viscoelastic constitutive equation applied to a dynamic finite deformation problem

A single integral type of constitutive equation for finite viscoelastic deformation is proposed. A special case, which is a viscoelastic generalization of the constitutive equation for a neo-Hookean elastic solid, is used to consider the finite deformation problem of shock wave propagation resulting from the sudden application of compressive force at the end of a semi-infinite viscoelastic bar. An approximate method is used to determine the shock front path and shock strength when the viscoelastic dissipative effect is small.     

An Eulerian multiplicative constitutive model of finite elastoplasticity

An Eulerian rate-independent constitutive model for isotropic materials undergoing finite elastoplastic deformation is formulated. Entirely fulfilling the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient, a constitutive equation and the coupled elastoplastic spin of the objective corotational rate therein are explicitly derived. For the purely elastic deformation, the model degenerates into a hypoelastic-type equation with the Green–Naghdi rate. For the small elastic- and rigid-plastic deformations, the model converges to the widely-used additive model where the Jaumann rate is used. Finally, as an illustration, using a combined exponential isotropic-nonlinear kinematic hardening pattern, the finite simple shear deformation is analyzed and a comparison is made with the experimental findings in the literature.