准脆性材料的弹塑性各向异性损伤耦合本构模型研究

针对准脆性材料的非线性特征：强度软化和刚度退化、单边效应、侧限强化和拉压软化、不可恢复变形、剪胀及非弹性体胀,在热动力学框架内,建立了准脆性材料的弹塑性与各向异性损伤耦合的本构关系。对准脆性材料的变形机理和损伤诱发的各向异性进行了诠释,并给出了损伤构形和有效构形中各物理量之间的关系。在有效应力空间内,建立了塑性屈服准则、拉压不同的塑性随动强化法则和各向同性强化法则。在损伤构形中,采用应变能释放率,建立了拉压损伤准则、拉压不同的损伤随动强化法则和各向同性强化法则。基于塑性屈服准则和损伤准则,构建了塑性势泛函和损伤势泛函,并由正交性法则,给出了塑性和损伤强化效应内变量的演化规律,同时,联立塑性屈服面和损伤加载面,给出了塑性流动和损伤演化内变量的演化法则。将损伤力学和塑性力学结合起来,建立了应变驱动的应力-应变增量本构关系,给出了本构数值积分的要点。以单轴加载-卸载往复试验识别和校准了本构材料常数,并对单轴单调试验、单轴加载-卸载往复试验、二轴受压、二轴拉压试验和三轴受压试验进行了预测,并与试验结果作了比较,结果表明,所建本构模型对准脆性材料的非线性材料性能有良好的预测能力。     

循环受压砼全过程声发射实验及其本构关系

本文根据在ＭＴＳ电液伺服试验系统上完成的不同应变控制加载工况的循环受压砼应力—应变全过程试验及相应声发射检测结果分析了受压砼全过程的声发射特性，然后利用损伤力学的等效应变假定建立了考虑不可逆效应的循环受压砼本构关系，该模型兼容理想弹性损伤本构模型和一般弹塑性本构模型。经比较，本文所建模型与实验结果吻合较好。     

复杂应力状态下木材力学性能的数值模拟

针对木材复杂的各向异性材料特点,建立了能反映木材正交各向异性弹性、抗拉和抗压强度不等、抗拉或抗剪时发生脆性破坏而受压时发生塑性变形等特性的本构模型。将木材弹性应力—应变关系简化为正交各向异性;选用Yamada-Sun强度准则来判断木材抗压时是否屈服,抗拉或抗剪时是否发生应变软化;通过引入损伤因子和弹性应变能,建立了木材...     

多轴加载下混凝土细观破坏模拟的强度准则探讨

实际工程结构中混凝土材料大多处于双轴或三轴的复杂应力状态,已有的细观力学数值研究工作大多针对单轴加载问题,对于双轴或者三轴加载条件下混凝土破坏模拟的研究相对较少。复杂受力条件下的混凝土材料破坏模拟中,细观组分强度准则选取的合理与否将成为混凝土破坏模式及宏观力学性能数值研究准确和成功与否的关键。本文旨在探讨单轴强度准则,如最大拉应变准则在多轴加载条件下混凝土破坏过程研究中运用的合理性。鉴于此,首先在细观尺度上建立了混凝土试件的二维随机骨料模型,分别采用弹性损伤本构关系模型及塑性损伤本构关系模型来描述细观组分(即砂浆基质)的力学性能,对双轴加载条件下混凝土的细观破坏过程进行数值模拟,对比了单轴强度准则和多轴强度准则下混凝土试件破坏路径及宏观应力-应变关系的差异。数值结果表明,简单的单轴强度准则难以反映双轴加载下混凝土内部应力状态的复杂性,不宜采用单轴强度准则来描述多轴加载下混凝土的破坏行为。     

复杂加载条件下的砂土本构模型

试验表明,饱和砂土的应力应变关系具有显著的密度以及压力依存性,上述两点构成了描述砂土静力加载下变形特性无法忽视的因素.此外,在循环加载等复杂加载作用下,砂土还会表现出明显的应力诱导各向异性以及相变转换特性.基于在e-p空间中存在唯一的临界状态线这一基本假定,通过在e-p空间中引入当前状态点与临界状态线的距离R来作为反映密度与压力依存特性的状态参量,将变相应力比以及峰值应力比表达为状态参量的指数函数,将上述应力比参量引入到统一硬化参量中可准确地反映初始状态下围压、密度对于单调加载下应力应变关系的影响规律,能描述砂土剪缩、剪胀,应变软化、硬化等特性.采用非相关联流动法则,p-q空间中采用水滴型屈服面,塑性势面为椭圆面,松砂在单调加载下的静态液化现象也可描述.为反映循环加载下塑性体积应变的累积特性以及塑形偏应变的滞回特性,在循环加载下将状态参量R表达为应力比参量,并在硬化参数中引入描述应力诱导各向异性特性的旋转硬化部分,所提模型可有效地描述循环加载下剪切模量的衰减特性、刚度衰化性质、强度减小特性,在不排水约束作用下,则会产生往返活动性现象.通过一系列的模型模拟与试验结果对比,验证了本构模型的有效性及适用性.     

室温下镁合金板循环塑性随动强化本构模型研究

本文在具有各向异性屈服强度和拉压不对称的CPB06屈服准则的基础上,建立了基于随动强化的循环塑性本构模型．通过引入滑移、孪晶以及去孪等不同变形模式下的背应力演化方程,对室温下镁合金板材异常循环硬化行为进行了模拟．选取了AZ31B-O和AZ31B两种镁合金板材,通过拉伸-压缩-拉伸(T-C-T)和压缩-拉伸(C-T)等不同加载路径下的部分实验曲线确定模型的参数,采用三次插值多项式建立了背应力参数与上一变形模式中累积的等效塑性应变（即预应变）之间的函数关系．使用本模型对剩下的实验曲线进行了预测,发现预测结果与实验结果有良好的一致性,说明了当前模型的正确性．     

考虑温度影响的混凝土弹塑性本构模型及其应用

基于弹塑性理论的框架,引入热力学中的自由能概念,建立了考虑温度影响的混凝土弹塑性本构模型。假设混凝土为弹塑性解耦材料,通过采用包含温度的自由能函数建立了弹性应力-应变关系的表达式;基于Drucker-Prager强度准则构造屈服函数,以塑性剪应变作为硬化参量,通过在硬化规律中引入温度变量来反映温度对混凝土塑性性质的影响,得到了塑性应力-应变关系的表达式。基于ABAQUS有限元软件平台,应用半隐式回映算法编制了上述弹塑性本构模型的UMAT子程序,完成了该模型的程序实现。通过对C20及C40混凝土单元在不同温度条件下单轴压缩与双轴压缩的数值模拟,并将模拟结果与已有文献试验结果进行了对比,二者符合较好,验证了该模型的正确性。应用该模型模拟混凝土材料的力学特性,开展了不同温度下集中荷载作用的混凝土简支梁及混凝土轴心受压柱力学响应的数值模拟。计算结果表明,随着温度的升高,相同荷载作用下混凝土构件的力学响应逐渐增大,反映了混凝土材料的力学性能随着温度的升高逐渐退化,这符合不同温度条件下混凝土构件力学响应的基本规律。     

砖砌体双参数单轴受压弹塑性损伤力学模型

参考弹塑性损伤模型理论和相关试验数据,建立了砖砌体单轴单调受压和重复受压两种弹塑性损伤本构模型.在模型中采用抗压强度和峰值压应变双参数来调整形变曲线,从而实现了砖砌体单轴受压本构模型的精细化建立.模型不但与既有弹塑性模型相符,而且还符合受压延性与强度呈反向变化的试验结论.重复受压加-卸载路径建立在卸载线性假定的基础上,参考两组试验数据,得出了双线性抗压刚度劣化函数,并通过强度线性插值来调整劣化速率,从而建立了随强度改变的受压加-卸载损伤本构模型.     

动力UH模型及其有限元应用

饱和砂土在循环载荷下具有复杂的应力应变关系, 通常表现出液化过程中的大变形以及往返活动性现象. 为简单有效地模拟上述特性, 在超固结UH模型的基础上, 将其扩展为可考虑砂土动力加载下的本构模型. 具体做法有3点: (1)改变屈服面椭圆长短轴之比, 将比值定义为反映应力诱导各向异性转轴斜率的函数; (2)引入旋转硬化规则, 用来反映应力诱导各向异性; (3)建立一个与旋转硬化规则以及临界状态特性相协调的统一硬化参数. 模型预测结果表明, 所提动力模型可简单、有效地用于砂土在动力载荷下应力应变关系的模拟. 最后将该动力UH模型嵌入到有限元软件中, 三维地基的动力加载模拟结果表明, 动力UH模型可方便地应用于岩土工程实践中.      

软化Mohr-Coulomb材料强度参数的测定方法

为了得到试件的粘聚力和内摩擦角随轴向塑性压应变变化的曲线提出本方法。试件的弹塑性本构关系遵循相关联的Mohr-Coulomb强度准则;对常规三轴试验,试件受力进入塑性状态后,处在棱椎状屈服面的棱上,加载过程遵循Koiter流动法则。按经典塑性力学理论,推导得到轴向塑性压应变与轴向应力与轴向应变的关系;在常规三轴试验机上获得不同围压下试件的全程应力-应变曲线,进而可得到各自围压下轴向塑性压应变随加载过程的变化曲线;把来自不同围压下对应同一轴向塑性压应变的应力分别代入屈服面方程,即可求得对应的粘聚力和内摩擦角。结果表明,Mohr-Coulomb材料的两个强度参数的变化由轴向塑性压应变确定。轴向塑性压应变可以作为塑性变形的状态参数,它和试件的受力过程可以唯一确定试件的变形过程。     

考虑塑性应变记忆恢复的循环棘轮本构模型研究

在统一粘塑性循环本构理论框架下,以Ohno-Abdel-Karim非线性随动硬化模型为基础,建立了一个循环本构模型。模型通过引入塑性应变幅值记忆效应,并在塑性应变记忆项中加入恢复系数,提高了对循环硬化材料单轴棘轮行为的预言能力。将模型应用于316L不锈钢单轴棘轮行为的描述中,模拟不同平均应力、应力幅值下的棘轮应变,均与实验数据吻合较好,证明本文改进的本构模型能合理地描述循环硬化材料的单轴棘轮行为。     

A STRESS VECTOR-BASED CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR COHESIONLESS SOIL (Ⅱ)-APPLICATION

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｃｏｍｐａｎｉｏｎｐａｐｅｒ [1 ]ｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄａｓｔｒｅｓｓｖｅｃｔｏｒ＿ｂａｓｅｄｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｖｅｍｏｄｅｌｆｏｒｃｏｈｅｓｉｏｎｌｅｓｓｓｏｉｌ.Ｔｈｅｍｏｄｅｌｉｓｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｅｑｕｉｖａｌｅｎｔｄｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅａｃｔｉｏｎｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｓｔｒｅｓｓｖｅｃｔｏｒｆｏｒｔｈｅｍａｉｎ .Ｔｈａｔｉｓ ,ｕｎｄｅｒｐｌａｎｅｓｔｒａｉｎｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ ,ｔｈｅａｃｔｉｏｎｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｓｔｒｅｓｓｖｅｃｔｏｒｃａｎｂｅｅｑｕｉ…     

A STRESS VECTOR-BASED CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR COHESIONLESS SOIL (Ⅱ)-APPLICATION

The stress vector-based constitutive model for cohesionless soil, proposed by SHI Hong-yan et al., was applied to analyze the deformation behaviors of materials subjected to various stress paths. The result of analysis shows that the constitutive model can capture well the main deformation behavior of cohesionless soil, such as stress-strain nonlinearity, hardening property, dilatancy, stress path dependency, non-coaxiality between the principal stress and the principal strain increment directions, and the coupling of mean effective and deviatoric stress with deformation. In addition, the model can also take into account the rotation of principal stress axes and the influence of intermediate principal stress on deformation and strength of soil simultaneously. The excellent agreement between the predicted and measured behavior indicates the comprehensive applicability of the model. Biography: SHI Hong-yan (1962-), Associate Professor, Doctor     

复杂加载条件下的砂土本构模型

试验表明,饱和砂土的应力应变关系具有显著的密度以及压力依存性,上述两点构成了描述砂土静力加载下变形特性无法忽视的因素. 此外,在循环加载等复杂加载作用下,砂土还会表现出明显的应力诱导各向异性以及相变转换特性. 基于在e--p空间中存在唯一的临界状态线这一基本假定,通过在e--p空间中引入当前状态点与临界状态线的距离R来作为反映密度与压力依存特性的状态参量, 将变相应力比以及峰值应力比表达为状态参量的指数函数,将上述应力比参量引入到统一硬化参量中可准确地反映初始状态下围压、密度 对于单调加载下应力应变关系的影响规律,能描述砂土剪缩、剪胀,应变软化、硬化等特性. 采用非相关联流动法则,p--q空间中采用水滴型屈服面,塑性势面为椭圆面,松砂在单调加载下的静态液化现象也可描述. 为反映循环加载下塑性体积应变的累积特性以及塑形偏应变的滞回特性,在循环加载下将状态参量R表达为应力比参量,并在硬化参数中引入描述应力诱导各向异性特性的旋转硬化部分,所提模型可有效地描述循环加载下剪切模量的衰减特性、刚度衰化性质、强度减小特性,在不排水约束作用下,则会产生往返活动性现象. 通过一系列的模型模拟与试验结果对比,验证了本构模型的有效性及适用性.      

Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Behavior of Coarse Marble Under Six Different Loading Paths

A series of triaxial compression experiments were preformed for the coarse marble samples under different loading paths by the rock mechanics servo-controlled testing system. Based on the experimental results of complete stress-strain curves, the influence of loading path on the strength and deformation failure behavior of coarse marble is made a detailed analysis. Three loading paths (Paths I–III) are put forward to confirm the strength parameters (cohesion and internal friction angle) of coarse marble in accordance with linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion. Compared among the strength parameters, two loading paths (i.e. Path II by stepping up the confining pressure and Path III by reducing the confining pressure after peak strength) are suggested to confirm the triaxial strengths of rock under different confining pressures by only one sample, which is very applicable for a kind of rock that has obvious plastic and ductile deformation behavior (e.g. marble, chalk, mudstone, etc.). In order to investigate re-fracture mechanical behavior of rock material, three loading paths (Paths IV–VI) are also put forward for flawed coarse marble. The peak strength and deformation failure mode of flawed coarse marble are found depending on the loading paths (Paths IV–VI). Under lower confining pressures, the peak strength and Young’s modulus of damage sample (compressed until post-peak stress under higher confining pressure) are all lower compared with that of flawed sample; moreover mechanical parameter of damage sample is lower for the larger compressed post-peak plastic deformation of coarse marble. However under higher confining pressures (e.g. σ ₃?=?30 MPa), the axial supporting capacity and elastic modulus of damage coarse marble (compressed until post-peak stress under lower confining pressure) is not related to the loading path, while the deformation modulus and peak strain of damage sample depend on the difference of initial confining pressure and post-peak plastic deformation. The friction among crystal grains determines the strength behavior of flawed coarse marble under various loading paths. In the end, the effect of loading path on failure mode of intact and flawed coarse marble is also investigated. The present research provides increased understanding of the fundamental nature of rock failure under different loading paths.     

Erratum to: Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Behavior of Coarse Marble Under Six Different Loading Paths

A series of triaxial compression experiments were preformed for the coarse marble samples under different loading paths by the rock mechanics servo-controlled testing system. Based on the experimental results of complete stress-strain curves, the influence of loading path on the strength and deformation failure behavior of coarse marble is made a detailed analysis. Three loading paths (Paths I–III) are put forward to confirm the strength parameters (cohesion and internal friction angle) of coarse marble in accordance with linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion. Compared among the strength parameters, two loading paths (i.e. Path II by stepping up the confining pressure and Path III by reducing the confining pressure after peak strength) are suggested to confirm the triaxial strengths of rock under different confining pressures by only one sample, which is very applicable for a kind of rock that has obvious plastic and ductile deformation behavior (e.g. marble, chalk, mudstone, etc.). In order to investigate re-fracture mechanical behavior of rock material, three loading paths (Paths IV–VI) are also put forward for flawed coarse marble. The peak strength and deformation failure mode of flawed coarse marble are found depending on the loading paths (Paths IV–VI). Under lower confining pressures, the peak strength and Young’s modulus of damage sample (compressed until post-peak stress under higher confining pressure) are all lower compared with that of flawed sample; moreover mechanical parameter of damage sample is lower for the larger compressed post-peak plastic deformation of coarse marble. However under higher confining pressures (e.g. σ ₃ = 30 MPa), the axial supporting capacity and elastic modulus of damage coarse marble (compressed until post-peak stress under lower confining pressure) is not related to the loading path, while the deformation modulus and peak strain of damage sample depend on the difference of initial confining pressure and post-peak plastic deformation. The friction among crystal grains determines the strength behavior of flawed coarse marble under various loading paths. In the end, the effect of loading path on failure mode of intact and flawed coarse marble is also investigated. The present research provides increased understanding of the fundamental nature of rock failure under different loading paths.     

一种适用于岩土的扩展强度及屈服准则

土壤材料是一种典型的摩擦型材料,然而天然岩石却具有一定的凝聚力,而金属材料则完全是凝聚型材料. 在分析三种典型的材料强度准则表达式基础上,即SMP,Lade-Duncan以及广义Von-Mises准则,通过利用应力张量的不变量表达形式,提出了一种扩展准则即VML准则,该准则能够分别退化为上述3种典型准则. 在偏平面上,新准则能够描述从曲边三角形到圆形在内的多种开口形态;在子午面上,采用幂函数作为破坏准则公式,能够描述静水压力对于强度特性影响的非线性性质. 而对于土壤的屈服性质,岩土材料具有典型的压剪耦合特性,因此,为了描述剪切与等方向压缩两种路径下的体积耦合现象,采用水滴型屈服面作为屈服准则. 对于偏平面上的截面形状,讨论了给定球应力下偏应力强度值的分布形式及特点,讨论了应力罗德角对于偏平面上强度曲线的凹凸性的影响. 最后,通过多种材料的破坏与屈服试验成果,用所提新准则进行了验证. 通过强度以及屈服特性测试对比,验证了所提VML准则的合理性.      

砂土的应力路径本构模型

将微元应力路径线性逼近，转变成与其充分接近且易于计算应变的等平均应力微元和等应力比微元，计算任意加荷应力路径所产生的塑性应变，建立了双屈服面的砂土应力路径本构模型．模型体现了岩土塑性理论分量屈服和非关联流动法则的要求，在p，q平面内根据双线性的屈服线确定了加卸载准则．结合广义非线性强度理论采用变换应力三维化方法简单、合理地使模型实现三维化．通过试验数据的验证表明，砂土应力路径本构模型可以合理地描述各种应力路径下砂土的变形和强度特性。     

Damage accumulation and fracture initiation in uncracked ductile solids subject to triaxial loading

A damage plasticity model for ductile fracture is proposed. This model is established on the cylindrical coordinate system of principal stress space. Experimental results show that fracture initiation in uncracked ductile solids is sensitive to the hydrostatic pressure and dependent on the Lode angle. The joint effects of pressure and Lode angle define a fracture envelope in principal stress space. Plastic deformation induced damage is calculated by an integral of the damage rate measured at current loading and deformation status with respect to the fracture envelope. A power law damage rule is proposed to characterize the nonlinearity in damage accumulation. A damage-related weakening factor is adopted to describe the material deterioration. The material parameters are calibrated from standard laboratory tests. The proposed model is numerically implemented. Four simulations with emphasis on crack path prediction are presented.