砼受压全过程声发射特性及其损伤本构模型

本文根据在ＭＴｓ８１５．０２型电液伺服岩石与砼力学试验系统上完成的砼受压应力。应变全过程试验及相应声发射检测结果，分析了砼全过程的声发射特性，利用内变量理论建立了砼受压损伤本构模型。模型中的损伤因子可由相应声发射特性的损伤能相对比确定。经比较，所建模型与实验结果吻合较好。     

砼受压全过程损伤的实验研究

本文利用ＭＴＳ公司８１５．０２型电液伺服实验系统对砼进行了等应变速率和单调和循环复受试验，测定了砼单调受压全过程的声发射特性和反复受压时砼弹性模量的变化，经研究发现与声光射相应的损伤能相对比和弹性模量的衰减比均可以表征砼的损伤发展程度，且具有较好的一致性，文中还根据试验结果，给出所定义损伤随应变变化的关系表达式。     

砼受压全过程发射b值与分形维数的研究

声发射ｂ值反映了材料内部微裂缝发展，本文在ＭＴＳ试验系统进行了砼受压全过程实验同时，检测了砼声发射的幅值和事件数变化，并根据实验结果对ｂ值进行了研究。研究表明：在应力－应变全曲线峰值处ｂ值最小。此外，还根据分形理论对砼受压全过程分形维数进行了研究。     

砼受压全过程声发射b值与分形维数的研究

声发射ｂ值反映了材料内部微裂缝发展。本文在ＭＴＳ试验系统进行砼受压全过程实验同时，检测了硅声发射的幅值和事件数变化，并根据实验结果对ｂ值进行了研究。研究表明：在应力－应变全曲线峰值处ｂ值最小。此外，还根据分形理论对砼受压全过程分形维数进行了研究。     

受压混凝土理想弹塑性损伤本构模型

本文在分析混凝土单独和循环受压全过程试验结果的基础上，建立了计及不可逆变形的混凝土损伤本构模型，该模型既适用于单独加载工况，也适用于循环加载工况     

砖砌体双参数单轴受压弹塑性损伤力学模型

参考弹塑性损伤模型理论和相关试验数据,建立了砖砌体单轴单调受压和重复受压两种弹塑性损伤本构模型.在模型中采用抗压强度和峰值压应变双参数来调整形变曲线,从而实现了砖砌体单轴受压本构模型的精细化建立.模型不但与既有弹塑性模型相符,而且还符合受压延性与强度呈反向变化的试验结论.重复受压加-卸载路径建立在卸载线性假定的基础上,参考两组试验数据,得出了双线性抗压刚度劣化函数,并通过强度线性插值来调整劣化速率,从而建立了随强度改变的受压加-卸载损伤本构模型.     

充填体声发射分形特征及损伤演化试验研究

为探究不同配比胶结充填体声发射分形特征与损伤演化间的耦合关系,量化分析充填体损伤度,本文开展了胶结充填体试样的单轴压缩声发射试验。通过比对剖析声发射信号分形特征,归纳出各配比充填体的破坏形式,并拟合各破坏类型充填体的声发射累计能率曲线,推导其与应变的耦合关系,借助连续损伤力学及数理统计理论建立基于累计声发射能率的损伤本构方程,并对其进行验证。研究表明,充填体的声发射特征与应力-应变力学响应具有密切联系,其损伤破坏都是从整体无序逐渐向局部有序发展的。随着灰砂比不断减小,充填体的破坏模式逐渐从脆性向延性转化发展。通过试验验证,不同破坏类型充填体分别建立的损伤本构方程准确度较高,可实现充填体的损伤量化计算。     

软化桁架模型理论在钢筋煤矸石砼低剪力墙中的应用

本文通过对六榀试验钢筋煤矸石砼低剪力墙的分析研究，提出了煤矸石砼软化应力－应变曲线，并结合桁架模型理论，对其受力全过程进行了分析，结果表明，考虑其横向应变后的计算结果与试验结果吻合较好，最后，建议了一个钢筋煤矸石砼低剪力墙抗剪强度实用计算公式。     

冻结黏土单轴抗压试验及损伤本构模型分析

从冻土微元破坏服从Weibull随机分布的特点出发,将Mohr–Coulomb强度准则作为冻土微元统计分布变量,利用应变等价性假说,建立了单轴应力状态下冻结黏土损伤本构模型;在此基础上,讨论了模型参数和弹性模量与冻结温度的关系,对模型参数和弹性模量进行合理修正,建立了温度影响下的冻结黏土损伤本构模型,并与试验结果进行对比。分析结果表明:考虑温度效应的损伤本构模型能很好地模拟冻结黏土应力–应变全过程曲线,具有很好的适应性。     

软化桁架模型理论在钢筋煤矸石砼低剪力墙中的应用

本文通过对六榀试验钢筋煤矸石砼低剪力墙的分析研究，提出了煤矸石砼软化应力－应变曲线，并结合桁架模型理论，对其受力全过程进行了分析，结果表明，考虑其横向应变后的计算结果与试验结果吻合较好，最后，建议了一个钢筋煤矸石砼低剪力墙抗剪强度实用计算公式。     

Thermo-mechanical measurement of elasto-plastic transitions during cyclic loading

The surface temperature of stainless steel SS304 low cycle fatigue specimens subjected to cyclic loading was studied using infrared thermography technique. The thermal data mapped onto the various stages of cyclic stress-strain curve shows the ability of these measurements to identify the yield points in both the compression and tension loading. Based on the results of this study, it is possible to identify the state of stress for materials such as elastic tension, plastic tension, elastic compression, plastic compression during cyclic loading using infrared thermographic data. The thermo-elastic slope and thermo-plastic slope was observed to be dependent on the prior loading cycles.     

Impact of axial compression and torque on strain localization and fracture under complex cyclic loading of Plexiglas rods

Experimental studies of deformation and fracture of rods made of Plexiglas (PMMA) under complex loading (quasi-static and cyclic torsion under axial compression) are performed. The existence of a range of critical values of axial stress, within which the rod is fractured by the torque, is established. The localization of “frozen” highly elastic strains in constrained cyclic torsion is revealed, and the conditions of its occurrence are determined. The effect of axial stress on strain localization and fracture and the influence of cyclic torsion on the loss of stability of a rod under axial compression are shown.     

Southwell and lundquist plots for struts suffering subbuckling cyclic excursions

An experimental investigation into the effects of subbuckling low-frequency cyclic hysteresis upon a range of imperfection-sensitive circular hollow section struts has involved a novel application of the Southwell and Lundquist semi-empirical plot procedures. A static strut testing procedure was modified to provide for the inclusion of cyclic action phases, these cyclic excursions possessing amplitudes that constrained behavior to the subbuckling compression regime throughout. Cyclic action was introduced at some prescribed static axial compression, buckling being statically induced upon completion of the cyclic action phase. For each strut test, appropriate semi-empirical plots were determined, where possible, for both pre- and post-cyclic action phase static data sets, each successful plot thereby consisting of a respective pair of linear loci. It is deemed that such bilinear loci be parallel, indicating no change in boundary conditions or effective length, but offset, indicating cyclic hysteresis amplification of any initial strut imperfection. This bilinear technique is shown to be particularly useful in assessing quality of experimentation and in providing imperfection data applicable to the analysis of nominally static struts suffering subbuckling cyclic action. Design implications are briefly identified for completeness. Serviceability considerations are shown to be the dominant issue.     

An experimental study of inhomogeneous cyclic plastic deformation of 1045 steel under multiaxial cyclic loading

An experimental study was conducted on the inhomogeneous cyclic plastic deformation of 1045 steel under multiaxial cyclic loading. Thin-walled tubular specimens were used and small strain gages were bonded on the specimen surface to characterize the local deformation. The controlled loading paths included cyclic tension–compression, cyclic torsion, proportional axial-torsion, 90°-out-of-phase axial-torsion, and fully reversed torsion with a constant axial stress. The maximum stress in each experiment was lower than the lower yield stress of the material. It was found that the cyclic plastic deformation within the gage section of the specimen under multiaxial stress state followed the three-stage process that was observed from uniaxial loading, namely, incubation, propagation, and saturation. The plastic deformation was significantly inhomogeneous during the propagation stage, and the inhomogeneity continued through the saturation stage. The duration of each stage and the saturated strains were dependent on the cyclic stress amplitude and the loading path. Multiaxial stress state reduced the incubation stage. With identical equivalent stress magnitude, the nonproportional loading path resulted in the shortest incubation and propagation stages, and the saturated equivalent plastic strain magnitude was the smallest. Although the deformation over the gage section was inhomogeneous, the plastic deformation in a given local area was found to be practically isotropic.     

裂纹闭合和循环塑性预应变及循环载荷压缩部分对裂纹扩展速率的影响

本文针对三种国产材料 Ｌｙ１１ｃｚ、 Ｌｙ１２ｃｚ 铝合金和 １８ Ｍｎ Ｈ Ｐ钢,通过实验初步考察了循环塑性预应变和循环载荷压缩部分对疲劳裂纹扩展的影响;采用电测法,测定了两种铝合金材料疲劳裂纹扩展的张开应力和有效应力强度因子幅值比 Ｕ。结果表明：（１）材料循环塑性预应变和循环载荷压缩部分,都使疲劳裂纹扩展速率提高;（２）常幅载荷下,在疲劳裂纹稳定扩展阶段,有效应力强度因子幅值比 Ｕ 与应力比 Ｒ 有关,与裂纹长度ａ 无关,并依赖于材料的力学性能。     

冲击加载下样品软回收过程中的侧向稀疏效应

通过数值模拟, 计算冲击加载下样品经历一维应变加载过程和侧向稀疏过程产生的塑性功, 给出试样内部从冲击加载开始到进入回收桶前全过程的应力随时间变化的历程。结果表明:侧向稀疏过程开始后,样品在径向汇聚波的作用下受循环拉、压载荷作用,拉压循环的振幅在中等冲击压力下达到最大。如果振幅超过了材料的层裂强度,样品中心将发生拉伸破坏不能完整回收。侧向稀疏与一维应变加载产生的塑性功之比随冲击速度的增加而减小。在冲击速度为某临界值时,侧向稀疏产生的塑性功与一维应变加载产生的塑性功相等。在一定的冲击速度下,采用低初始屈服应力的材料可减轻侧向稀疏效应。对理想塑性材料的理论分析表明,侧向稀疏与一维应变加载产生的塑性功之比随冲击速度与屈服强度比值的增大而减小,与数值模拟结果一致。     

Cyclic stress-softening model for the Mullins effect in compression

This paper models the cyclic stress softening of an elastomer in compression. After the initial compression the material is described as being transversely isotropic. We derive non-linear transversely isotropic constitutive equations for the elastic response, stress relaxation, residual strain, and creep of residual strain in order to model accurately the inelastic features associated with cyclic stress softening. These equations are combined with a transversely isotropic version of the Arruda–Boyce eight-chain model to develop a constitutive relation that is capable of accurately representing the Mullins effect during cyclic stress softening for a transversely isotropic, hyperelastic material, in particular a carbon-filled rubber vulcanizate. To establish the validity of the model we compare it with two test samples, one for filled vulcanized styrene–butadiene rubber and the other for filled vulcanized natural rubber. The model is found to fit this experimental data extremely well.     

基于塑性体积应变的岩石损伤变形特性实验研究

为分析岩石塑性变形与损伤的关系,在定义岩石的初始损伤和临界损伤,提出塑性体积应变分析方法,从而以塑性体积应变为损伤变量,采用归一化方法建立岩石的损伤本构模型。采用递增循环加载实验确定岩石损伤本构模型中的弹性卸载模量和弹性应变比例系数两个参数。通过实验和理论分析得出:当荷载较小时,普通单轴压缩状态下岩石损伤随荷载的增加具有减小趋势,荷载超过一定数值后,岩石损伤才开始增加;单轴递增循环压缩状态下当循环荷载大于约35%峰值强度后,卸载后岩石的损伤具有增加的趋势,小于该荷载之前具有减小的趋势。整个加载过程的理论应力-应变曲线能很好地与实验结果相吻合,在循环加载区间理论结果还能体现出岩石实验结果中的回滞环。