基于流固耦合作用的抽水引起地面沉降计算模型

过量开采地下承压水会引起地基土体的变形，进一步导致地面沉降和地裂缝等地质灾害，抽水引起地层的变形过程是土层中孔隙水和土颗粒相互作用的复杂过程．两步法和流固耦合法是计算地面沉降常用的两种思路，它们的适用性各有不同．本文基于理想的地层模型，分别建立两步法计算模型和流固耦合计算模型，利用FLAC3D6.0有限差分软件对模型进行求解，对比分析两类方法计算结果的差异．结果表明流固耦合法符合力学机制，能够更好地反映土体变形的发展过程，但计算时间更长．而两步法适用于稳定流，在渗流达到稳定流时两步法计算的孔压分布和地面沉降能够满足工程精度要求．本文的研究成果为合理选取地面沉降计算方法提供依据．     

三维高频声波的矩阵压缩边界节点法模拟

本文采用边界节点法(Boundary Knot Method, BKM)求解三维高频声场．由于高频赫姆霍兹方程的解是振荡的，极大影响了数值求解的精确度，需要在计算区域增加离散点，这会增加计算量．同时对于大规模声学问题，依靠边界节点法形成的插值矩阵为满秩，导致计算量过高和存储量过大．所以本文采用矩阵压缩技术(Matrix Compression, MC)，在有效继承边界节点法高精确度的基础上减少计算内存需求和时间，从而提高计算效率．数值实验表明，MC-BKM 求解精度高、收敛速度快、计算时间少，在高频大规模声波问题中应用前景广泛．     

连续梁在周期荷载下的动力稳定性简化分析方法

对于一般任意支撑的连续梁结构动力稳定性问题，已有的计算方法求解过程都很复杂，给工程设计带来极大的不便．本文提出了一个简化的分析方法，利用现有的商业软件，只需求得连续梁的自然频率及静力屈曲（失稳）荷载，就可容易得到结构的动力失稳区域，当考虑结构阻尼对不稳定区域的影响时，可将阻尼矩阵表达为Rayleigh阻尼的形式．研究结果表明：采用本文计算方法与已有的理论计算方法得到的连续梁主参数共振的不稳定边界非常吻合，而本文计算方法更为简单，计算结果可靠，计算精度高，可满足工程设计的需要．     

水平井套管的动态力学分析

本文对水平井套管进行工程模拟和简化，建立力学模型，提出结构分析的计算方法．实例计算验证了本文的理论分析和计算方法是正确、可行的．所编制的软件能够根据套管下放过程不同位置进行跟踪计算，可以应用于水平井、定向井的套管设计中     

基于等效刚度的矩形孔蜂窝梁钢框架结构内力计算方法

蜂窝梁钢框架结构因梁截面沿长度周期性变化，不能直接采用普通钢框架结构矩阵位移法计算框架内力和位移．本文基于等效刚度法推导了矩形孔蜂窝梁的等效抗弯刚度、抗剪刚度和轴向刚度，建立了矩形孔蜂窝梁的单元刚度方程，提出了矩形孔蜂窝梁钢框架内力和位移计算方法．算例理论计算结果与有限元分析结果表明，两种方法计算结果非常接近．本文提出的等效刚度法概念清晰，准确性好，适用于计算蜂窝梁钢框架结构的内力和位移．     

力矩分配法在对称结构中的应用

以力矩分配法为基础，探索了对称结构的简化计算方法．为了克服对称结构计算时通常方法所产生的不便，提出了新的力矩分配概念，找出了新的分配系数和传递系数．应用改进的力矩分配法，对对称结构进行了计算，算例表明该方法简化了计算，加快了收敛速度．     

化学非平衡边界层壁面边界条件研究

通过理论分析导出了化学非平衡边界层，化学反应壁面边界条件的一般性提法，并对其具体应用进行了研究．在壁面完全催化时，可利用传递系数法使烧蚀壁面条件计算与边界层计算解耦，给出了一般计算方法．     

冲击温度的近似计算方法

将冲击温度的计算归纳为三种近似方法，并对这三种方法进行了概述，同时还给出了一些材料参数的估算方法．在利用等熵线计算冲击温度时，从冲击绝热线出发推导了一个半解析的等熵方程．计算了铁的冲击温度，并与实验测量值作了比较．结果表明，利用三项式物态方程并考虑熔化相变潜能的影响后算得的冲击温度与测量值符合得比较好，另外，本文还对影响冲击温度计算值的若干因素进行了分析．     

瞬变流摩阻计算及摩阻对水力瞬变的影响

摩阻损失的精确计算对于长输管道的水力瞬变分析是很重要的一个环节、过去为减少计算工作量，采用固定摩阻系数和流量一阶近似法计算瞬交流摩阻，精度有限．本跟踪液流流态变化，采用变摩阻系数和流量二阶插值法计算瞬交流摩阻，提高了摩阻计算精度．同时，从理论上分析了管道摩阻对水力瞬变的影响，澄清了一些模糊认识．     

含泥质夹层油藏蒸汽注采过程的自适应网格算法研究

根据泥质夹层的低渗特性及空间分布，本文提出了一种含泥质夹层油藏网格渗透率的粗化计算方法，并在此基础上，将自适应网格算法应用于含泥质夹层油藏的数值模拟，提升其计算效率．在计算过程中，网格的动态划分仅依据流体物理量的变化，泥质夹层区域不全部采用细网格，仅针对流动锋面处的泥质夹层采用细网格，其余泥质夹层处采用不同程度的粗网格．相较于传统算法，网格数大幅下降．数值算例表明，自适应网格算法的计算结果精度与全精细网格一致，能够准确模拟出泥质夹层对于流体的阻碍作用，同时计算效率得到大幅提升，约为全精细网格算法的3~7 倍．     

Stress intensity factors for a moving cylindrical crack in a nonhomogeneous cylindrical layer in composite materials

Stresses are determined for a finite cylindrical crack that is propagating with a constant velocity in a nonhomogeneous cylindrical elastic layer, sandwiched between an infinite elastic medium and a circular elastic cylinder made from another material. The Galilean transformation is employed to express the wave equations in terms of coordinates that are attached to the moving crack. An internal gas pressure is then applied to the crack surfaces. The solution is derived by dividing the nonhomogeneous interfacial layer into several homogeneous cylindrical layers with different material properties. The boundary conditions are reduced to two pairs of dual integral equations. These equations are solved by expanding the differences in the crack surface displacements into a series of functions that are equal to zero outside the crack. The Schmidt method is then used to solve for the unknown coefficients in the series. Numerical calculations for the stress intensity factors were performed for speeds and composite material combinations.     

Semi-Analytic Axisymmetric Pressure Distribution in a Consolidating Porous Medium

A semi-analytic solution of the consolidation problem in a finite hollow axisymmetric elastic porous medium is given. According to Biot's theory, we have rigorously derived the consolidation equations and demonstrated that in the axisymmetric problems, the pore pressure diffusion equation can be uncoupled. In the problem of infinite domain, the uncoupled pressure diffusion equation is homogeneous and only the diffusion coefficient is changed. In the problem of finite domain, the uncoupled pressure diffusion equation is nonhomogeneous. In fact, it is a linear differential-integral equation. We solve it by the variables separation method in the time domain.     

Axisymmetric problem of a nonhomogeneous elastic layer

Summary The paper deals with a theoretical treatment of elastic behavior for a medium with nonhomogeneous materials property, which is defined by the relation , i.e., shear modulus of elasticity G varies with the dimensionless axial coordinate by the power product form, arbitrarily. Fundamental differential equation for such nonhomogeneous medium has been already proposed in [5]. It is given by a second-order partial differential equation. However, it was found that the fundamental equation is not sufficient in general to solve several kinds of boundary-value problems. On the other hand, it is shown in the present paper making use of the fundamental equations system for a nonhomogeneous medium, which has been proposed in our previous paper [7], it is possible to solve axisymmetric problems for a thick plate (layer) subjected to an arbitrarily distributed load or a concentrated load on its surfaces. Numerical calculations are carried out for several cases, taking into account the variation of the nonhomogeneous parameter m. The numerical results for displacements stress and components are shown in graphical form. Accepted for publication 25 March 1997     

Generalized magneto-thermoelasticity in a nonhomogeneous isotropic hollow cylinder using the finite element method

In this paper, we constructed the equations of generalized magneto-thermoelasticity in a perfectly conducting medium. The formulation is applied to generalizations, the Lord–Shulman theory with one relaxation time, and the Green–Lindsay theory with two relaxation times, as well as to the coupled theory. The material of the cylinder is supposed to be nonhomogeneous isotropic both mechanically and thermally. The problem has been solved numerically using a finite element method. Numerical results for the temperature distribution, displacement, radial stress, and hoop stress are represented graphically. The results indicate that the effects of nonhomogeneity, magnetic field, and thermal relaxation times are very pronounced. In the absence of the magnetic field or relaxation times, our results reduce to those of generalized thermoelasticity and/or classical dynamical thermoelasticity, respectively. Results carried out in this paper can be used to design various nonhomogeneous magneto-thermoelastic elements under magnetothermal load to meet special engineering requirements. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Two-dimensional modeling of heterogeneous structures using graded finite element and boundary element methods

In the present work, graded finite element and boundary element methods capable of modeling behaviors of structures made of nonhomogeneous functionally graded materials (FGMs) composed of two constituent phases are presented. A numerical implementation of Somigliana’s identity in two-dimensional displacement fields of the isotropic nonhomogeneous problems is presented using the graded elements. Based on the constitutive and governing equations and the weighted residual technique, effective boundary element formulations are implemented for elastic nonhomogeneous isotropic solid models. Results of the finite element method are derived based on a Rayleigh–Ritz energy formulation. The heterogeneous structures are made of combined ceramic–metal materials, in which the material properties vary continuously along the in-plane or thickness directions according to a power law. To verify the present work, three numerical examples are provided in the paper.     

Finite element solutions for nonhomogeneous nonlocal elastic problems

A finite element procedure for analysing nonhomogeneous nonlocal elastic 2D problems is presented and discussed. The procedure grounds on a variationally consistent approach known, in the relevant literature, as Nonlocal Finite Element Method. The latter is recast making use of a recently theorized phenomenological strain-difference-based nonhomogeneous nonlocal elastic model. The peculiarities of the numerical procedure together with the pertinent nonlocal operators are expounded and discussed. Two simple numerical 2D examples close the paper.     

Synchronization of complex networks with nonhomogeneous Markov jump topology

The problem of synchronization of complex networks with nonhomogeneous Markov jump topology and time-varying coupling delay is investigated in this paper. The Markov process in the underlying complex networks is finite piecewise homogeneous, which is a special case of nonhomogeneous Markov process. Based on the Lyapunov functional approach, an exponential stability condition is derived for the error system in terms of the linear matrix inequality method. Based on the condition, the design method of the desired controller is given. An example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed technique.     

A MOVING CRACK IN A NONHOMOGENEOUS MATERIAL STRIP

This paper considers an anti-plane moving crack in a nonhomogeneous material strip of finite thickness. The shear modulus and the mass density of the strip are considered for a class of functional forms for which the equilibrium equation has analytical solutions. The problem is solved by means of the singular integral equation technique. The stress field near the crack tip is obtained. The results are plotted to show the effect of the material non-homogeneity and crack moving velocity on the crack tip field. Crack bifurcation behaviour is also discussed. The paper points out that use of an appropriate fracture criterion is essential for studying the stability of a moving crack in nonhomogeneous materials. The prediction whether the unstable crack growth will be enhanced or retarded is strongly dependent on the type of the fracture criterion used. Based on the analysis, it seems that the maximum 'anti-plane shear' stress around the crack tip is a suitable failure criterion for moving cracks in nonhomogeneous materials.     

An interaction energy integral method for nonhomogeneous materials with interfaces under thermal loading

A plane crack problem of nonhomogeneous materials with interfaces subjected to static thermal loading is investigated. A modified interaction energy integral method (IEIM) is developed to obtain the mixed-mode thermal stress intensity factors (TSIFs). Compared with the previous IEIM, the original point of this paper is: the domain-independence of the modified IEIM still stands in nonhomogeneous materials with interfaces under thermal loading. Therefore, the modified IEIM can still be applied to obtain the TSIFs of nonhomogeneous material even if the integral domain includes interfaces. The modified IEIM is combined with the extended finite element method (XFEM) to solve several thermal fracture problems of nonhomogeneous materials. Good agreement can be obtained compared with the analytic solutions and the domain-independence of the IEIM is verified. Therefore, the present method is effective to study the TSIFs of nonhomogeneous materials even when the materials contain interfaces. The influence of the discontinuity of the material properties (thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity and Young’s modulus) on the TSIFs is investigated. The results show that the discontinuity of both thermal expansion coefficient and Young’s modulus affects the TSIFs greatly, while the discontinuity of thermal conductivity does not arouse obvious change of the TSIFs.     

Integral representations for a nonhomogeneous region in couple stress theory of elasticity

In an infinite space a Cosserat medium (with forced rotations) is subjected to a singular concentrated force. The medium is nonhomogeneous and consist of two regular regions where the elastic constants differ. Formulas are derived for the displacements in both the internal and the external region. With the help of this Green's function matrix integral representations are derived for the displacements.