用双剪屈服准则对钢筋混凝土板进行塑性铰线的极限分析

利用双剪屈服准则建立了用机动法计算钢筋混凝土薄板极限载荷的新的塑性铰线理论，并导出了双向布置钢筋的钢筋混凝土板的屈服条件，实例计算表明其更符合实验结果。     

爆炸荷载下基于细观建模的素/钢筋混凝土板破坏模式

为了获得爆炸荷载下细观结构对素/钢筋混凝土板的影响，采用随机骨料投放建立了素/钢筋混凝土板细观模型。利用LS-DYNA对基于细观建模的钢筋混凝土板进行爆炸荷载作用下的数值模拟，通过与实验以及均质建模方法进行比较，验证了细观建模方法的准确性。进而研究了基于细观建模的素/钢筋混凝土板在不同爆炸荷载下的结构响应，获得了素/钢筋混凝土板的响应过程和破坏模式。结果表明:在低药量（1、2 kg）爆炸荷载下，细观结构对素/钢筋混凝土板的影响较小，其破坏模式以纵横塑性铰线破坏为主，药量越大，铰线越多；在高药量（5、10和15 kg）爆炸荷载下，细观结构对素/钢筋混凝土板的影响较大，与均质模型相比存在较大差异，细观素/钢筋混凝土板以爆坑为中心，产生环向与径向裂纹，药量越大，圆坑越大，裂纹越多，板局部破坏越严重。     

用变形和分解原理求混凝土板的受拉薄膜效应

利用变形梯度直和分解,提出了基于能量原理计算钢筋混凝土板大变形时极限承载力方法,该方法考虑了薄膜效应影响并与传统塑性铰线理论相统一,既适用于矩形板和方形板,也适用于各向同性配筋和各向异性配筋的板,认为薄膜效应主要是由于塑性铰线处钢筋的伸长耗能造成的,该方法还可以解释同样挠度下方形板比矩形板早破坏和同样配筋时在矩形板短跨方向钢筋断裂的试验现象.计算结果与试验具有很好的一致性.     

Calculation of tensile membrane effects of concrete slabs

利用变形梯度直和分解, 提出了基于能量原理计算钢筋混凝土板大变形时极限承载力方法, 该方法考虑了薄膜效应影响并与传统塑性铰线理论相统一, 既适用于矩形板和方形板, 也适用于各向同性配筋和各向异性配筋的板, 认为薄膜效应主要是由于塑性铰线处钢筋的伸长耗能造成的, 该方法还可以解释同样挠度下方形板比矩形板早破坏和同样配筋时在矩形板短跨方向钢筋断裂的试验现象. 计算结果与试验具有很好的一致性.     

框架结构悬链线效应研究新进展

本文主要研究框架结构悬链线效应方面的新进展,并着重对钢筋混凝土框架结构与钢框架结构悬链线效应的区别,以及强震作用下框架结构连续倒塌过程中的悬链线效应进行了探讨.本文首先介绍悬链线效应的概念,即处于结构整体中的水平构件在失去抗弯能力后,通过轴力和很大挠度形成的力矩来抵抗外载荷产生的弯矩的现象.在火灾、强震等作用下,框架结构局部梁构件会依次进入弹性状态、弹塑性状态,进而屈服产生塑性铰,成为瞬变机构,此时梁构件的挠度会迅速增大,形成悬链线效应,当塑性铰失效时,则会产生机械铰,当悬索拉力超过极限承载能力时,机械铰断裂.其次通过算例来研究两端铰接约束梁在小变形状态下轴力与挠度形成的力矩与弯曲抵抗力矩的比值随载荷、跨度以及截面高宽比变化的关系.接着对国内外学者的框架结构悬链线效应研究进行系统的分析和总结,重点研究钢筋混凝土梁构件由压拱效应向悬链线效应的转化过程.最后对框架结构悬链线效应研究需要进一步开展的工作进行探讨和展望,通过利用悬链线效应的强度储备来增强结构的潜在强度和抗倒塌能力.      

单向板与双向板的划分依据与设计中若干问题的讨论

仍采用简单条 带法, 通过分析载荷及弯矩在长、短跨方向的分配及随跨长比的变化情况, 明确提出当按弹 性理论分析时, 宜采用长短跨长比为3作为划分单、双向板的界限. 然后从塑性铰线法设计 双向板的基本方程入手, 经分析讨论后得出当按塑性理论设计时, 单双向板的分界实质上是 相对的, 矩形板甚至正方形板究竟是单向板还是双向板, 完全取决于配筋方式这一结论. 最 后给出了双向板按单向板设计的建议.     

混凝土路面的承载能力

本文以具有良好塑性性能的钢纤维混凝土为应用背景，采用塑性力学理论和有限元方法，对混凝土路面的承载能力进行了分析计算，并与塑性铰线理论和弹性薄板理论作了比较和讨论．     

计及轴向压力的方管节点塑性铰线模型

塑性铰线分析模型已成功用于估计由弦杆表面屈服控制的各种管节点的强度;然而弦杆自身的轴向压力对节点承载力的影响仍然是用一个经验折减系数来考虑的.为了计算在轴向压力作用下沿倾斜塑性铰线的极限弯矩,研究者们提出了各种理论模型.该文对这些模型进行了分析和对比.结果表明,采用简化假设的阶梯形塑性铰线模型用于评价T形方管节点的强度与试验结果和有限元计算结果符合得最好.     

样条有限条塑性铰法分析板梁的极限荷载

用样条有限条塑性铰法分析了板梁的极限荷载。首先对条单元以样条位移函数表达的总势能进行求导而推导了位移-荷载关系式。然后用塑性铰法推导了单元的塑性刚度矩阵。因此该方法兼具二者优点:样条有限条法的位移量少和塑性铰法形成塑性刚度矩阵的便利。它还可以考虑梁的初始缺陷,如残余应力和初弯曲。通过与相关的试验数据比较,证明该方法有效与可靠。     

受冲击作用弹塑性圆板动力响应的弹性效应

利用有限差分离散微分方程进行计算分析,研究冲击载荷作用下弹塑性圆板的早期动力响应,通过对瞬态径向弯矩分布规律的细致分析,阐明弹塑性固支圆板响应过程中弹性效应对其变形历史的影响.研究表明:弹塑性响应过程可划分为八个阶段,对应的变形模式为:“单铰圆模式”,“双铰圆模式”,“五铰圆模式”,“四铰圆模式”,“三铰圆模式”,“双铰圆模式”,“双驻定铰圆模式”,“弹性振动模式”.与刚塑性分析所假定的三相的变形模式比较,弹塑性响应分析证实了固支边界“驻定塑性铰圆”的存在性.虽然刚塑性分析所假定的第一相位移响应模式并不存在,但第二相和第三相响应模式则得到了证实.由于这两相及相应弹塑性分析的两个阶段持续时间都较长,因而也肯定了刚塑性分析所假定变形模式的主要特征.弹性效应对于板内“移行铰圆”的影响比较大,它不但使“移行铰圆”出现“回退”现象,还使得“移行铰圆”的个数增加到三个;对于圆心处的“塑性铰圆”,弹性效应则使得它的符号出现由负向到正向的反复变化.因此,弹性效应对弹塑性板的变形历史影响十分明显.     

Thermodynamics of plastic hinges with damage

Elastic structural members are considered with plastic hinges at which damage may occur. Equations of balance of linear momentum, angular momentum and energy are obtained expressing the fact that energy may be absorbed by damage at a plastic hinge. It is shown that all the work done by the moments in bending of a plastic hinge that does not appear as heat must be absorbed by damage. The fraction of the bending work which is transformed into damage is thecoefficient of damage. In general, this coefficient is smaller than unity, which implies that the plastic hinge is a heat source. The heat source manifests itself by producing a jump discontinuity in axial heat flux and thus, in virtue of Fourier's law, a jump discontinuity in temperature gradient ensues. The general thermodynamics of the system is formulated: It is shown that agreement with the second law of thermodynamics prevails if the coefficient of damage does not exceed unity. Using the condition that a plastic hinge must break after absorbing a critical amount of damage energy, we show that a structure composed of such structural members with a finite number of plastic hinges must fail before it absorbs an infinite amount of energy through a cyclic loading and unloading program. Although the failure criterion for a single plastic hinge may be simple, the complex distribution of damage among the plastic hinges of an entire structure can make the failure criteria for a structure defy simple rules. It is also argued that the introduction of a distributed damage energy rate does not seem feasible in view of the second law of thermodynamics. This suggests that damage in a microstructure is localized rather than uniformly distributed.     

钢筋混凝土箱梁非线性及剪滞效应的试验研究

制作了钢筋混凝土简支箱梁模型,试验包括模型梁开裂范围内的加载及开裂后的加载。在开裂范围内,对该试验梁分别进行了顶板满布均布荷载、均布荷载作用于肋板上方、集中力作用于跨中以及对称集中力作用下的加载;对开裂后的试验梁,进行了对称集中力作用下的加载。用应变采集仪与电脑连接,并用半桥测量,温度自补偿方法测取应变值,采用百分表测试梁体挠度,采用读数显微镜观测裂缝。测量得到应力、应变的分布规律,验证了钢筋混凝土箱梁中存在剪滞效应。试验结果与考虑混凝土非线性的有限段法的计算结果吻合较好,验证了有限段法在混凝土箱梁剪滞效应分析中的适用性。     

Non-shakedown collapse of a doubly-reinforced rectangular plate under cyclic loads

A typical doubly-reinforced concrete rectangular plate is subjected to quasi-static (and more general quasiperiodic dynamic) transverse loads. The amount of reinforcements can be different in the upper and lower layers, in the central and rear parts of the plate, and in different directions, as usually designed in practice. An upper bound kinematic approach, which involves construction of potential collapse kinematic fields with plastic hinge lines, is developed to evaluate the non-shakedown loads corresponding to the respective collapse modes. The relations between the non-shakedown load parameters (frequency, amplitude limits) and the reinforcement parameters are derived for practical use. The kinematic assumptions with plastic hinge lines reduce the set of admissible kinematic fields for our upper bound approach, however the procedure appears relatively simple, visual, and can be developed to investigate the behaviour of other plates in various loading and reinforcement schemes, like the respective approach of plastic limit analysis, which was restricted to static loading.     

碳纤维约束高强混凝土圆柱压弯构件非线性全过程分析

为分析塑性铰区碳纤维约束高强混凝土圆柱的抗震性能,编制了可得到荷载-位移曲线软化段的非线性全过程分析程序,保护层和箍筋约束混凝土采用Mander本构模型,碳纤维约束混凝土采用ACI 440.2R-08给出的本构关系,将程序计算结果与试验结果进行比较,两者吻合较好;利用该程序分析了轴压比、混凝土强度、碳纤维包裹长度及层数、纵筋配筋率等参数对碳纤维约束混凝土圆柱荷载-位移关系的影响规律,结果表明:当轴压比超过0.55后,柱构件的水平承载力开始降低,柱的破坏形式由延性的受拉破坏向脆性的受压破坏转变;剪跨比大于3的圆柱,碳纤维在塑性铰区包裹长度大干1.2倍柱直径时,即可达到与全柱包裹基本一致的效果;对混凝土强度为50 MPa～80 MPa的高强混凝土圆柱,以包裹3～4层碳纤维为宜;随着纵筋配筋率的增加,柱的水平极限承载力及延性均有所提高.     

方钢管混凝土柱延性的实验研究

针对结构抗震设计对延性的要求,对不同轴压比、长细比和混凝土标号的7根方钢管混凝土柱试件进行了低周反复加载实验,得到了框架柱的荷载位移曲线、骨架曲线以及各阶段的荷载位移值,据此分析了各种因素对方钢管混凝土柱延性的影响.实验结果表明:剪力滞引发了方钢管混凝土柱的塑性铰,塑性铰的扩展是柱端承载力下降的根本原因,增大轴压比将引起塑性铰更早出现,进而降低框架柱的延性和水平抗剪能力;增大长细比可以延缓塑性铰出现,提高柱的延性和耗能能力,但是水平抗剪能力下降;提高混凝土强度等级可以降低大轴压比、大长细比带来的不利因素.实验结果与有限元计算数据吻合良好.     

Analytical solutions for the time-dependent behaviour of composite beams with partial interaction

This paper presents a generic modelling for the time-dependent analysis of composite steel–concrete beams with partial shear interaction that occurs due to the deformation of the shear connection. The time effects considered in this modelling are those that arise from shrinkage and creep deformations of the concrete slab, and these effects are modelled using algebraic representations such as those of the age-adjusted effective modulus method (AEMM) and the mean stress method (MS), which are viscoelastic models for concrete deformation that can be stated algebraically. The generic model lends itself to closed form solutions for the analysis of composite beams subjected to a generic applied loading under a variety of end conditions. In this paper, the generic model is applied for the time-dependent analysis of composite beams that are simply supported and encastré, and to a propped cantilever, that are subjected to uniformly distributed loading and shrinkage deformations. Various representations of the structural behaviour of these beams are given in closed form which can also be used to benchmark available modelling techniques, i.e. finite element and finite difference formulations, which require a spatial discretisation to be specified as well as the time discretisation to perform a time analysis.     

超静定连续梁弹塑性过程分析的单位荷载法

讨论了分析超静定连续梁弹塑性受力和变形全过程的单位荷载法,运用该方法分析了集中荷载作用下一次超静定两跨连续梁的弹塑性加载和变形全过程．根据受力变形的特点,集中荷载作用下两跨连续梁的弹塑性加载过程可分为四个阶段,分别是弹性阶段、集中荷载作用点附近塑性区扩展阶段、集中荷载作用点保持为塑性铰而附近区域线性卸载阶段、两跨连接点附近塑性区扩展直至形成第二个塑性铰阶段．给出了加载过程中各阶段的弯矩内力和竖向位移随外荷载而变化的解析公式．研究结果表明：在相同的单跨荷载工况下,连续梁的变形过程不同于单跨一次超静定梁,其塑性铰形成顺序不同,静定结构形成顺序不同,但塑性极限破坏荷载相同．     

Shear and Bending Response of a Rigid-Plastic Beam to Partly Distributed Blast-Type Loading

ABSTRACT

A study is undertaken on dynamic response of a simply supported rigid perfectly plastic beam that is subjected to partly distributed blast-type pressure loading. The beam material has finite shear strength and obeys a square yield criterion relating bending moment and transverse shear force. The transverse dynamic load is uniformly and symmetrically distributed over a middle portion of the span. Various patterns of deformation, which combine plastic bending and shear sliding, are obtained for a wide range of parameters, and the effects of transverse shear forces and time dependence of the dynamic pressure are examined.