Study of the mechanical properties of plain concrete under dynamic loading

A new testing methodology based on the Hopkinson bar principle is proposed for studying globally and locally the mechanical properties of plain concrete at a high strain rate. A Hopkinson bar bundle measures the local mechanical characteristics over the cross section of a large specimen of plain concrete subjected to impact loading. With this method, more accurate measurements of the stress-strain diagram are obtained, especially during the fracturing phase of the concrete specimen.     

On an approximate method of solution of problems in plasticity

An approximate method of solving the variational equation, constructed on the basis of the principle of virtual variation of the deformed state, with a given equation relating the strains (strain rates) is presented. The stress-strain state is then determined from the solution of the above variational equation. The method is demonstrated on an example of the problem of a strip with a rectangular cross section resting on plane-parallel plates.     

Numerical modeling of the shearing of irradiated fuel assemblies

The stress-strain state of layered bodies is studied numerically taking into account features of the loading devices used in the technological shearing processes of irradiated fuel assemblies. The effect of the localization of the hold-down clamp on the shear stress intensity and the shear stress value is studied. The dependence of the stress-strain state of the layers on the value of the gap between the blades is obtained. It is shown that the nature of the failure changes in the process of wearing of the shear blade edges. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 134–140, May–June, 2006.     

Stress-Strain Analysis of Orthotropic Closed and Open Noncircular Cylindrical Shells

The paper proposes an approach to the stress-strain analysis of orthotropic open and closed cylindrical shells of variable thickness and noncircular cross section under various loading and boundary conditions. As an example, the circumferential distribution of deflection and tangential force in shells with elliptic cross section is analyzed for some cases of orthotropy __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 7, pp. 83–92, July 2005.     

Rectangular Tubular Steel Columns Loaded Biaxially

An inelastic analysis of rectangular tubular steel columns subjected to a constant axial load and a gradually increasing biaxial end moment is presented. Analytical thrust-moment-curvature relationships are given for the cross section with bilinear material stress-strain characteristics. An iterative procedure based on column deflection curves is used to predict moment-deflection curves up to collapse, and numerical examples are given for square and rectangular tubular steel columns. The interaction of biaxial moments, as well as the effect of strain-hardening, is explained for the non-proportional loading considered. The technique can be modified for beam-columns with other types of end moments.     

A Model of the Short-Term Damageability of a Transversally Isotropic Material

The effective deformation properties and the stress–strain state of a material are determined on the basis of the stochastic equations of elastic theory, which allow for the random nature of microdamages. The problem on the stress-strain state of a porous transversally isotropic material under uniform loading with specified strains is solved using the model proposed. To this end, a numerical–analytical algorithm is proposed. This algorithm is based on the stochastic method of conditional moment functions and the combined iteration method, which is used to solve a transcendental equation. Using this approach, as an example, a nonlinear macrodeformation diagram is plotted and the behavior of a transversally isotropic porous material under biaxial tension is studied     

A damage model for crack initiation and growth

A damage accumulation model is presented for the study of the problem of crack initiation and stable growth in an elastic-plastic material. A centre-cracked specimen subjected to a uniform stress perpendicular to the crack plane is considered. A coupled stress and failure analysis is performed by using a finite element computer program based on J₂-plasticity theory in conjunction with the strain energy density theory. After initial yielding, each material element follows a different equivalent uniaxial stress-strain behavior depending on the amount of energy dissipation by permanent deformation. A host of uniaxial stress-strain curves constituting parts of the same stress-strain curve were assigned to material elements for each increment of loading. The path-dependent nature of the onset of crack initiation and growth was revealed. The proposed model predicts faster crack growth rates than those obtained on the basis of a single uniaxial stress-strain curve and is closer to experimental observation.     

Refined Analysis of the Influence of the Inhomogeneous Layers on the Stress State of Circular and Noncircular Cylindrical Shells

We study the stress state of laminated inhomogeneous closed cylindrical shells generally with an arbitrary cross section, taking transverse shear into account on the basis of the straight-line element hypothesis. As an example, results are presented for a two-layer cylindrical shell whose cross section is a combination of an oval and a circle.     

动力UH模型及其有限元应用

饱和砂土在循环载荷下具有复杂的应力应变关系, 通常表现出液化过程中的大变形以及往返活动性现象. 为简单有效地模拟上述特性, 在超固结UH模型的基础上, 将其扩展为可考虑砂土动力加载下的本构模型. 具体做法有3点: (1)改变屈服面椭圆长短轴之比, 将比值定义为反映应力诱导各向异性转轴斜率的函数; (2)引入旋转硬化规则, 用来反映应力诱导各向异性; (3)建立一个与旋转硬化规则以及临界状态特性相协调的统一硬化参数. 模型预测结果表明, 所提动力模型可简单、有效地用于砂土在动力载荷下应力应变关系的模拟. 最后将该动力UH模型嵌入到有限元软件中, 三维地基的动力加载模拟结果表明, 动力UH模型可方便地应用于岩土工程实践中.      

On finite-element solution of spatial thermoviscoelastoplastic problems

A finite-element algorithm is proposed for the analysis of the thermoviscoelastoplastic stress-strain state of bodies under complex loading (thermal and mechanical). It is assumed that an arbitrary element of the body deforms along a rectilinear or slightly curved path. The three-dimensional stress-strain state of the body’s elements is determined using the iterative method of additional strains. The technique is tested by analyzing the three-dimensional viscoelastic stress-strain state of a hollow cylinder and the thermoplastic state of a disk __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 16–25, May 2006.     

Finding the elastic strain limit at the tip region of a physical cut with arbitrarily loaded faces

A model describing the stress-strain state in the neighborhood of a physical cut with an arbitrary distribution of external load along its faces is presented. The stress-strain state of a material layer bounded by the continuations of the cut faces is considered. The interaction between the layer and the external half-planes leads to a closed system of integrodifferential equations for the mean stress components in the layer, which splits into two equations for the mean normal stresses and an equation for the mean shear stress. Numerical solutions of the system for the cases of symmetric and antisymmetric loading of the faces by concentrated forces are given. Conditions for the transition of the tip region of the cut to the state of plasticity and fracture are considered.     

Plane nonaxisymmetric deformation of a viscoelastic cylinder with consideration of its physical and geometric nonlinearity

The nonaxisymmetric plane problem of the nonlinear theory of viscoelasticity is solved for a cylinder reinforced by an elastic circular shell. The cylinder has an internal cut resembling a Maltese cross in shape. The identification of the nonlinear endochronous theory of aging viscoelastic materials is conducted by a genetic algorithm method on the basis a nonmonotonic experimental stress-strain dependence. Some numerical results obtained for the stress-strain state of this cylinder under the action of internal pressure are discussed with consideration of the above physical nonlinearity and the finite logarithmic strains.     

火灾下混凝土结构破坏模拟的纤维梁单元模型

为分析和模拟结构构件在火灾下的失效破坏过程,本文基于建筑结构分析中常用的纤维梁单元模型,建立了钢筋混凝土梁、柱构件的火灾破坏数值模型.此模型将构件截面划分成多个纤维,从而可以模拟构件截面的不均匀温度场分布以及高温下混凝土材料的开裂、压碎和钢筋屈服等行为.并根据全拉格朗日描述方法,推导了纤维梁单元的切线刚度矩阵,建立了纤维梁单元的增量求解方程.最后,将本文模型的模拟结果和多个具体试验结果进行了分析比较,进一步验证了模型的可靠性.     

复杂加载下混凝土的弹塑性本构模型

混凝土材料在不同应力路径下或复杂加载条件下会表现出差异性显著的应力应变关系,在小幅循环加载条件下,其应力应变关系会表现出类似于弹性变形的滞回曲线.在不同应力水平下,混凝土的应力应变关系以及破坏特性都具有静水压力相关特点,即随着静水压力增大,各向异性强度特性弱化.此外,混凝土受压及受拉破坏机理不同,因而对应于混凝土硬化损伤亦有不同,即可分为受压硬化损伤,受拉硬化损伤及两者的混合硬化损伤类型.基于Hsieh模型,对该模型进行了三点改进.（1）针对小幅循环加载下混凝土无塑性变形的试验规律,而模型中在应力水平较低的循环加载条件下始终存在塑性变形的预测问题,采用在边界面模型框架下,设置了应力空间的弹性域,初始屈服面与后续临界状态屈服面几何相似的假定.（2）基于广义非线性强度准则将原模型采用变换应力方法将其推广为三维弹塑性本构模型,采用变换后模型可合理的考虑不同应力路径对于子午面以及偏平面上静水压力效应形成的影响,并避免了边界面应力点奇异问题.（3）分别对拉压两种加载损伤模式建议了相应的硬化参数表达式,可分别用于描述上述加载中产生的应变软化及强度退化行为.基于多种加载路径模拟表明:所建立的三维弹塑性本构模型可合理地用于描述混凝土的一般应力应变关系特性.      

Microdamage of a nonlinear elastic material in combined stress state

The structural theory of short-term damage is used to study the coupled processes of deformation and microdamage of a physically nonlinear material in a combined stress state. The basis for the analysis is the stochastic elasticity equations for a physically nonlinear porous medium. Damage in a microvolume of the material is assumed to occur in accordance with the Huber-Mises failure criterion. The balance equation for damaged microvolumes is derived and added to the macrostress-macrostrain relations to produce a closed-form system of equations. It describes the coupled processes of nonlinear deformation and microdamage of the porous material. Algorithms are developed for calculating the dependence of microdamage on macrostresses and macrostrains and plotting stress-strain curves for a homogeneous material under either biaxial normal loading or combined normal and tangential loading. The plots are analyzed depending on the type of stress state __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 42, No. 11, pp. 30–39, November 2006.     

Solution of one problem of fracture mechanics

This paper considers a model for the opening-mode fracture separation process based on the introduction of an interaction layer. This layer is defined as the region of localization of the fracture process. The stress-strain state of the layer material is uniform in the cross section of the layer. A study is made of the deformation of a double-cantilever beam weakened by a notch whose width is equal to the thickness of the interaction layer. The problem is solved in a linearly geometrical approximation. The thickness of the interaction layer is estimated, and a method for solving the formulated problem is proposed. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 121–127, July–August, 2007.     

计及剪切影响的RC梁的非线性分析

为提高钢筋混凝土RC梁的计算效率和精度,提出了一种基于梁截面弯矩-曲率关系的宏观有限元方法,可用于各种跨高比RC梁的材料非线性分析。首先假定了混凝土和钢筋的非线性应力-应变关系,然后引入经过修正的Rodriguez截面模型,根据边界顶点把截面划分成若干梯形单元,利用quasi-Newton法求解由两个变量耦合而成的截面非线性平衡方程,由此建立RC截面的弯矩-曲率关系。在此基础上利用Timoshenko梁弯曲理论建立考虑横向剪切变形影响的RC梁的有限元分析模型。通过对试验梁的分析对比验证了所提出的分析方法的适用性。     

Refined analysis of the stress state of orthotropic elliptic cylindrical shells with variable geometrical parameters

An approach developed earlier to solve boundary-value problems is used to analyze the behavior of the stress-strain state of orthotropic elliptic cylindrical shells with variation in the geometric parameters of their cross section at constant volume (weight) Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 44, No. 9, pp. 53–62, September 2008.     

纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的D失效判据

经典唯象强度理论适用于正交各向异性线弹性体。对于非线性纤维增强复合材料,通过加卸载试验和损伤力学的分析方法,可以得到一种虚拟的线性化应力-应变关系;依据损伤等效假设,针对线性损伤和非线性损伤,对基于应力的经典二次失效准则进行变换,建立了一种基于损伤的强度理论,即“D失效判据”,这一强度理论可以作为经典判据的补充和扩展。针对平纹编织C/SiC复合材料的拉/剪组合试验,进行了实例计算,结果表明：利用D失效判据预测的失效包络线比蔡-希尔准则的预测曲线低,而且,失效曲线的形式与材料的损伤演化规律相关。     

Numerical and experimental study of elastoplastic tension-torsion processes in axisymmetric bodies under large deformations

We consider a numerical solution technique for generalized axisymmetric problems with torsion for elastoplastic bodies of revolution of arbitrary shape under large strains, as well as simple or complex loading, and the conditions of inhomogeneous stress-strain state. The processes of elastoplastic deformation, strain localization, and fracture of solid axisymmetric steel samples of variable thickness are studied experimentally and numerically for the cases of proportional and nonproportional kinematic torsional and/or tensile loading until failure. The mutual influence of torsion and tension on the deformation and failure under large strains is estimated.