圆筒外壁双边裂纹扭转问题的应力强度因子计算

本文提出了一组应力函数,用边界配置法计算了含外壁双边裂纹的扭转圆筒的扭转刚度和Ⅲ型应力强度因子.当内孔很小时,计算结果与含双边裂纹扭转圆轴的已知解一致.同时,本文给出了不同几何尺寸下圆筒扭转的计算结果.所用力法可以用于含外壁双边裂纹的不同形状简类结构的扭转问题.     

变截面圆柱体扭转问题和Saint-Venant扭转问题的一种新解法 (Ⅰ)变截面圆柱体扭转问题

根据应力线分布的几何性质,本文提出了一个解任意边界形状变截面圆柱体扭转问题的简单方法.利用文中导出的应力函数公式与已知的边界条件,通过图解迭代逼近,可以调整坐标线之一的几何形状,使其由初始假设与应力线形状相合实则偏离的状态逐渐变化过渡到互相重合,从而可依应力公式确定出应力解. 文中直接求得了截顶圆锥体、非完全薄壳球体和迴转椭球体扭转问题的准确解,它们与已知准确解相同~[1].文中还对一个半圆凹槽圆柱体的扭转进行了计算,并与文献[2]—[4]进行了比较,结果表明本文解法的准确度甚佳.     

含径向裂纹系的圆柱的弯曲与扭转

圆柱中任意径向裂纹系的Saint-Venant弯曲与扭转,还无一般的解析解法,本文采用裂纹面二侧应力差和位移差的混合边界条件提法,在求解了一组三节积分方程和一个Neumann问题后,精确地求得到了单裂纹基本解,利用此解给出了解决这类问题的一般方法。文中对二条非共线的等长边界裂纹的应力强度因子和柱的扭转刚度作了数值计算,扭转刚度的结果与L.A.Wigglesworth的完全一致。     

弹性基础上无缝轨道应力分析的半解析法

从钢轨应力分析的要求出发,提出了弹性基础上开口厚壁杆的半解析计算方法.轨道截面上沿纵向的正应力分为弯曲正应力和约束扭转正应力,弯曲正应力可以根据弹性基础梁的弯曲理论求得,而约束扭转正应力将采用本文的半解析方法.把钢轨的横截面离散为有限单元,将位移(z方向)解表示为横截面上一个离散的数值函数(称为拟扇性坐标ω(x,y))与长度方向上的解析函数相乘的形式.用最小势能原理求解横截面上拟扇性坐标ω的有限元解和长度方向上解析函数表达式.以75kg钢轨为算例,计算了ω、-((e)ω)/((e)x) y和x-((e)ω)/((e)y)的结果,通过它们可以进一步计算钢轨中的约束扭转正应力和截面上的剪应力.     

弹／粘塑性柱体扭转问题的函数Laplace变换解

在应力Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ变换分析粘塑性轴对称问题基础上，对弹性－弹／粘塑性圆柱体扭转全过程进行分析，根据柱体扭转的应力分布，构造应力函数与位移函数，并对函数进行Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ变换。相应求出圆柱体、空心圆柱体的Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ变换解，以及圆柱体的弹性－粘塑性交界线值     

带裂纹组合柱的扭转

本文联合使用组合柱体扭转的单层势函数解及均质柱体扭转的单裂纹解,对带有裂纹的组合柱体的扭转作了讨论,最后将问题归结为解一组混合型积分方程,并为其建立了数值方法,对于裂纹与材料分界面接触的情形,本文通过积分方程组的主部分析,精确地求得了奇性指数的特征方程。文中对组合柱的抗扭刚度和裂纱端点的应力强度因子作了数值计算,与文献上已有的结果符合很好。     

用伪应力函数法求解幂硬化材料柱体的扭转问题

本文引用伪应力函数使得幂硬化材料的任意形状等截面柱体和变直径圆截面柱体扭转问题的定解方程具有弹性柱体扭转问题的相应形式,从而可用类似于求解弹性柱体扭转的方法或直接利用已知的弹性解答求解对应的幂硬化材料柱体的扭转问题,本文用这种方法求得了幂硬化材料椭圆截面柱体及含球形空腔的圆轴扭转问题的解析解。     

用伪应力函数法求解幂硬化材料柱体的扭转问题

本文引用伪应力函数使得幂硬化材料的任意形状等截面柱体和变直径圆截面柱体扭转问题的定解方程具有弹性柱体扭转问题的相应形式,从而可用类似于求解弹性柱体扭转的方法或直接利用已知的弹性解答求解对应的幂硬化材料柱体的扭转问题,本文用这种方法求得了幂硬化材料椭圆截面柱体及含球形空腔的圆轴扭转问题的解析解。     

扭转圆柱体放射状内裂缝的应力强度因子

文献[1]用正弦级数解和Mellin积分解的迭加方法讨论过有外裂缝的圆柱体扭转。本文讨论有放射状內裂缝的圆柱体扭转,用正交变换将π/n扇形区域变为半圆后,用迭加方法通过依次解三节积分方程和Cauchy核奇性积分方程,把问题归结为连续核第二类Fredholm积分方程,从而使问题在数学上得到解决。给出了抗扭刚度和应力强度因子的     

截面含切口圆柱体自由扭转的弹塑性分析

对于截面含切口圆柱体的弹塑性自由扭转问题的分析,可按受力特点分为三个阶段:全弹性阶段、全塑性阶段和弹塑性阶段.每一阶段对应的分析方法不同,其中,在全弹性阶段可以采用有限差分法分析;在全塑性阶段可以按沙堆比拟的方法采用等倾曲面模拟;弹塑性阶段可以结合上述两种方法的结果和思路进行分析.利用差分法可以求出自由扭转截面内各离散点应力函数φ的数值解.本文推导了自由扭转的应力函数φ与J积分之间的关系,得出了自由扭转的应力函数与Ⅲ型裂纹的J积分之间的关系式.数值计算结果验证了本文方法的有效性和精确性.     

轴对称体扭转问题的轴对称有限元模拟解

轴对称体的轴对称问题与扭转问题一向被认为是两个互相不能模拟的问题.前者的未知量与方程多于后者,形式也不相同.本文提出一种退化模拟方法.能够把扭转问题模拟为轴对称问题的一类特殊情况来解.一般的结构分析程序都能够分析轴对称问题,但轴对称体的扭转问题通常作为三维问题处理.按本文提出的方法,可用结构分析程序的轴对称分析功能模拟扭转分析.本文还给出模拟计算的算例.计算结果表明与理论解完全一致.本文对退化模拟的材料本构关系进行了研究,建议在数值计算时以各向异性材料的轴对称问题模拟任何材料的扭转问题.当限定用各向同性材料的轴对称问题来模拟时,采用了罚系数法.     

Analogy solutions of axisymmetrical twist problems by axisymmetrical finite element program

It used to be considered that an axisymmetrical problem and a twist problem of an axisymmetrical body cannot be simulated by each other, because the number of unknown variables in an axisymmetrical problem is greater than that in a twist problem, and the governing equations are not the same. This paper proposes a degenerated analogy method, by which the twist problems of axisymmetrical bodies can be simulated by axisymmetrical problems with finite element programs.An ordinary structural analysis method can be used to analyze an axisymmetrical problem, but a twist problem of axisymmetrical bodies is treated as a 3-dimensional problem usually. According to the method proposed in this paper, the analysis of a twist problem can be simulated by the analysis of an axisymmetrical body with a structural analysis problem. The example of analysis computation is also given. Thecomputed result is in agreement with the theoretical result.In this paper, the constitutive relation of the degenerated analogy problem is given.The authors suggest that a twist problem of a body made of any materials is simulated by an axisymmetrical problem of a body made of orthotropic material. If you have to use some program for the axisymmetrical problem to be limited to isotropic materials the penalty coefficient method can be used to solve the problem.     

EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE OF MACRO FIBER COMPOSITES FOR BEAM TWISTING APPLICATIONS

This paper presents the use of macro-fiber composites (MFC) as actuators for twisting control of pre-twisted beams, which is one efficient method of vibration suppression techniques of helicopter rotors. An MFC is a piezoelectric fiber composite which has an interdigitated electrode, rectangular cross-section and unidirectional piezoceramic (PZT) fibers embedded in the polymer matrix. An MFC actuator has much higher actuation performance, flexibility and durability than a traditional piezoceramic (PZT) actuator. This study showed that an MFC could be used as an actuator to change the displacement and twist tip-angle of a pre-twisted beam. In the test, an MFC patch was pasted on the beam’s upper surface to twist the pre-twisted beam actively. Different twist tip-angle changes of the pre-twisted beam were measured under a series of actuation voltages, and a good agreement was observed when experimental results were compared with numerical results. In addition, the actuation performance of MFC was compared with those of PZT4 and PVDF and the influence of anisotropic property of the MFC on its actuation performance was also studied. The experimental and numerical results presented in this paper show the potential of MFC for use in the vibration control of helicopter rotors.     

MECHANICAL MODELING OF THE BISTABLE BACTERIAL FLAGELLAR FILAMENT

We extend the 2D Landau phase transition theory to the bacterial flagellar filament which displays the phase transition between the left handed normal form and the right handed semi-coiled form. The bacterial flagellar filament is treated as an elastic thin rod based on the Kirchhoff’s thin rod theory. Mechanical analysis is performed on the periodical phase transition of the filament between the two helical structures of the opposite charity. The curvature and twist are chosen as the order parameters in constructing the phase transition model of the filament. The established model is applied to study the instability properties of the filament and to investigate the loading and deformation conditions of the phase transition. In addition, the curvature and twist gradient energy are considered to describe the interface properties of the two phases.     

A Shear-Corrected Formulation for the Sandwich Twist Specimen

The sandwich plate twist test method involves torsion loading of a panel by application of concentrated loads at two diagonally opposite corners and supporting the panel at the other two corners. Compliance measured in this test can be used to extract the shear moduli of monolithic, composite and sandwich plates, and it may also be employed for determination of the twist stiffness, D ₆₆ . Previous studies of the plate twist specimen have shown that classical laminated plate theory does not adequately predict the compliance of sandwich panels with a low density/modulus core, as a result of transverse shear deformation. This work proposes a “shear-corrected” model for accurate prediction of the plate twist compliance by incorporation of the transverse shear stiffnesses of the core. This model was used to extract the transverse shear modulus of a range of low density PVC foam cores from the measured panel twist compliance. Good agreement with published PVC foam core shear modulus values was obtained.     

Contact force and mechanical loss of multistage cable under tension and bending

A theoretical model for calculating the stress and strain states of cabling structures with different loadings has been developed in this paper. We solve the problem for the first-and second-stage cable with tensile or bending strain. The contact and friction forces between the strands are presented by two-dimensional contact model. Several theo-retical models have been proposed to verify the results when the triplet subjected to the tensile strain, including contact force, contact stresses, and mechanical loss. It is found that loadings will affect the friction force and the mechanical loss of the triplet. The results show that the contact force and mechanical loss are dependent on the twist pitch. A shorter twist pitch can lead to higher contact force, while the trend of mechanical loss with twist pitch is compli-cated. The mechanical loss may be reduced by adjusting the twist pitch reasonably. The present model provides a simple analysis method to investigate the mechanical behaviors in multistage-structures under different loads.     

An asymptotic linear thin-walled rod model coupling twist and bending

A linear one-dimensional model for thin-walled rods with open strongly curved cross-section, obtained by asymptotic methods is presented. A dimensional analysis of the linear three-dimensional equilibrium equations yields dimensionless numbers that reflect the geometry of the structure and the level of applied forces. For a given force level, the order of magnitude of the displacements and the corresponding one-dimensional model are deduced by asymptotic expansions. In the case of low force levels, we obtain a one-dimensional model whose kinematics, traction, and twist equations correspond to the Vlassov ones. However, this model couples twist and bending effects in the bending equations, unlike the Vlassov model where the twist angle and the bending displacement are uncoupled     

ON THE STVENANT FLEXURE FOR CROSS SECTIONS OF A SERFIES OF SYMMETRICAL AIRFOLLS

本文讨论一系列对称翼截面柱体的弯曲问题,柱体空端锁甲外力的方向与主题的对称面垂直.这问题一般可简化为寻找三个平面挑和函数,其中两个函数给出边界值,另一函数给出边界上法向的微商.我们设法将这些调和函数的边界值表达为複变函数的实数或虚数部分,这样所得的复变函数在柱体截面内常会表现有奇异点.本方法中的一个重要内容为：如何削去这些奇异点.本文求得问题的精确普遍解,其中含一个参数,可用来调节截面的厚度.本文最后给出一个例子,阐明求应力函数、扭转厚度及湾区中心的步骤,给出受扭转和弯曲时沿截面边界上剪切的分布情况.     

Vibration and wave propagation analysis of twisted micro-beam using strain gradient theory

In this research, vibration and wave propagation analysis of a twisted microbeam on Pasternak foundation is investigated. The strain-displacement relations (kinematic equations) are calculated by the displacement fields of the twisted micro-beam. The strain gradient theory (SGT) is used to implement the size dependent effect at microscale. Finally, using an energy method and Hamilton’s principle, the governing equations of motion for the twisted micro-beam are derived. Natural frequencies and the wave propagation speed of the twisted micro-beam are calculated with an analytical method. Also, the natural frequency, the phase speed, the cut-off frequency, and the wave number of the twisted micro-beam are obtained by considering three material length scale parameters, the rate of twist angle, the thickness, the length of twisted micro-beam, and the elastic medium. The results of this work indicate that the phase speed in a twisted micro-beam increases with an increase in the rate of twist angle. Moreover, the wave number is inversely related with the thickness of micro-beam. Meanwhile, it is directly related to the wave propagation frequency. Increasing the rate of twist angle causes the increase in the natural frequency especially with higher thickness. The effect of the twist angle rate on the group velocity is observed at a lower wave propagation frequency.     

Effects of unsteady deformation of flapping wing on its aerodynamic forces

Effects of unsteady deformation of a flapping model insect wing on its aerodynamic force production are studied by solving the Navier-Stokes equations on a dynamically deforming grid.Aerodynamic forces on the flapping wing are not much affected by considerable twist,but affected by camber deformation.The effect of combined camber and twist deformation is similar to that of camber deformation.With a deformation of 6% camber and 20°twist(typical values observed for wings of many insects),lift is increased bv 10%～20%and lift-to-drag ratio by around 10%compared with the case of a rigid flat-plate wing.As a result.the deformation can increase the maximum lift coefficient of an insect.and reduce its power requirement for flight.For example,for a hovering bumblebee with dynamically deforming wings(6?mber and 20°twist),aerodynamic power required is reduced by about 16%compared with the case of rigid wings.