柴油机曲轴整体结构的三维有限元分析

本文采用子结构方法对柴油机曲轴整体结构进行了三维有限元分析，对曲轴这种复杂的工程结构问题通过分成子结构进行求解可以建立更加灵活合理的结构模型，也可降低方程组的阶数，节省大量的重复计算工作，使我们能够在没有大机器的情况下，用很少的内存容量解算大自由度数的题目。     

柴油机曲轴整体结构的三维有限元分析

本文采用子结构方法对柴油机曲轴整体结构进行了三维有限元分析，对曲轴这种复杂的工程结构问题通过分成子结构进行求解可以建立更加灵活合理的结构模型，也可降低方程组的阶数，节省大量的重复计算工作，使我们能够在没有大机器的情况下，用很少的内存容量解算大自由度数的题目。     

曲轴的三维光弹断裂分析

采用三维光弹性实验、断裂力学原理和实验分别对６１６０Ａ型柴油机曲轴（球墨铸铁）和８ＮＶＤ４８Ａ－２Ｕ型柴油机曲轴（优质结构钢）的三维应力状态、断裂力学参数进行了分析和研究。为预报上述曲轴（带裂纹）的安全寿命，制定船舶检验周期提供理论和实验依据。     

含裂纹体结构分析中的再造核质点法(RKPM)

应用再造核质点法(RKPM)进行了结构裂纹计算问题的研究。将不连续处理技术一可视准则和衍射方法应用于RKPM来模拟裂纹附近场函数，实现二维和三维裂纹体的分析。避免了有限元方法中裂纹附近复杂的网格剖分工作。应用面向对象技术在计算程序中实现了二维和三维裂纹体的应力场计算分析，并且将结构离散工作和裂缝网格构造工作分离，从而提高计算效率。简单的算例表明应用RKPM方法在二维和三维含裂纹结构计算是有效的。     

曲轴轴向运动对粗糙表面曲轴主轴承润滑性能影响的研究

内燃机实际工作中，在多种影响因素综合影响下，曲轴进行旋转运动的同时，还存在沿轴承轴线方向的运动. 以某四缸四冲程内燃机曲轴-轴承系统为研究对象，综合考虑曲轴轴向运动、曲轴变形和摩擦表面粗糙度，基于平均Reynolds方程，建立了耦合曲轴轴向运动的粗糙表面主轴承润滑分析模型，着重研究了倾斜曲轴轴向运动对主轴承润滑特性的影响. 分析中，采用试验法实测曲轴沿轴承轴线方向的运动规律，应用有限单元法求解曲轴受载变形导致轴颈在轴承孔中倾斜状况. 结果表明:曲轴轴向运动对粗糙表面内燃机主轴承润滑特性影响显著；计及曲轴轴向运动时内燃机各主轴承轴颈轴心轨迹均为1条不封闭的三维空间曲线；曲轴轴向运动对主轴承润滑特性的影响程度与摩擦表面粗糙度直接相关；计及曲轴轴向运动时摩擦表面粗糙度对主轴承润滑特性影响趋势及程度均发生明显变化.      

计及机体变形的内燃机主轴承弹性流体动力润滑分析

针对某四行程四缸内燃机曲轴主轴承,考虑机体变形因素的影响,进行了曲轴轴承弹性流体动力润滑分析.计算中采用动力学法进行曲轴轴承的润滑分析,采用变形矩阵法计算油膜压力作用下轴承表面的变形.结果表明,与不考虑机体变形影响相比,计入机体变形影响时轴承轴心轨迹基本没有改变,在1个工作循环中的大部分时间轴承最大油膜压力、最小油膜厚度、端泄流量和轴颈摩擦系数几乎没有变化,仅在某些时刻附近轴承最大油膜压力略有减少,轴承最小油膜厚度略有增加.因此在计算精度要求不是非常高的情况下,曲轴主轴承润滑分析可以不考虑轴承表面因油膜压力作用产生的弹性变形的影响.     

机车曲轴镀铁修复疲劳对比试验研究

通过对镀铁修复后的机车曲轴的疲劳性能进行检测试验，同时给出参照的新曲轴的疲劳性能参数，比较分析原件性能和镀铁修复后的疲劳性能的差异，从而判断在原工作环境下镀铁修复后机车曲轴的工作寿命如何变化，试验中采用42CrMoA棒材及其镀铁修复件进行比较，给出了最大应力—疲劳寿命的S—N曲线，从实验数据可以分析，因长期使用轴径磨损的曲轴镀铁修复后，其疲劳性能将有部分损失，疲劳极限下降9．68%，这意味着在较大的疲劳应力下工作的镀铁修复后曲轴，其疲劳寿命低于原件，因此应进一步研究镀铁修复的曲轴在实际工况下的疲劳极限，并改善镀铁工艺，提高疲劳极限，使镀铁修复技术更好地应用于工程实际。     

内燃机活塞环开口重叠的摩擦机理分析

根据曲轴扭矩传递原理得到了相关数学模型，进而计算了连杆轴颈偏转和活塞往复转动；在考虑燃气压力、往复惯性力和流体摩擦力，以及转动摩擦阻力矩、转动惯性力矩和气体摩擦力矩作用的基础上，提出了活塞环随活塞同步转动的判别条件，建立了活塞环相对转动的分析模型．结果表明：在内燃机工作循环中，连杆轴颈的正、负偏转引起活塞往复转动，在燃气爆发位置附近产生最大偏转和转动幅值；在少量曲轴转角区间内附着力矩小于转动阻力矩，此时活塞环不能与活塞保持同步而是与活塞之间发生相对转动；第二气环转动角度大于第一气环，当2个气环的开口转到相同位置时，活塞环出现开口重叠．     

层合板三维—二维混合分区有限元法研究

本文提出了一种三维－二维混合分区有限元方法分析复合材料层合结构。构造了三维－二维过渡元素和三维的十七节点复合元素。本方法在大大地减少了自由度，缩短了计算时间。算例表明，计算结果令人满意。本方法是可靠的并同样适用于其它结构。     

RKPM形状函数的矩式显式表述及快速计算

给出了计算再生核质点法(RKPM)形状函数及其导数的矩式显式处理方法。其特点是在计算形状函数及其导数时不涉及矩阵的求逆或者线性方程组的求解，从而减少计算误差的产生并提高了计算速度。二维及三维形状函数计算算例表明该方法是提高RKPM计算效率的一种有效途径。     

光弹性技术在曲轴设计中的应用

曲轴是最重要的机械零件之一,它在柴油机、压缩机、冲压机等工程机械中得到广泛应用.由于它结构的特殊性,在过渡圆角处会产生较严重的应力集中,因此,如何合理设计曲轴一直是设计者十分关心的课题.本文系统地阐述了光弹性技术在曲轴设计中的应用,分别介绍了对曲轴在弯曲、扭转载荷作用下如何进行光弹性应力分析,还分析了大型组装曲轴所引起的附加应力.文中提供了结果,特别是根据九十一个曲轴光弹模型试验结果所得的曲轴应力集中系数(又称形状系数)列线图,对曲轴的设计是颇有价值的.     

Linear and nonlinear dynamics of reciprocating engines

In the first part of this study, dynamic models of single- and multi-cylinder reciprocating machines are presented, which may involve torsional flexibility in the crankshaft. These models take into account the dependence of the engine moment of inertia on the crankshaft rotation. In addition, both the driving and the resisting moments are expressed as functions of the crankshaft motion. This leads to dynamic models with equations of motion appearing in a strongly nonlinear form. Initially, an approximate analytical solution is presented for a linearized version of the equations of motion, by applying a suitable asymptotic method. This provides valuable insight into some aspects of the system dynamics. In the second part, numerical results are presented for linear and nonlinear engine models by applying appropriate methodologies, leading to direct determination of complete branches of steady-state response. These results illustrate the effect of the system parameters on its dynamics. Finally, some results are also presented in an effort to investigate the effect of engine misfire.     

Parametric oscillations and stability of systems with large modulation coefficient

We study parametric oscillations of linear systems with one degree of freedom for large values of the modulation coefficient. We use the classical analytic Lyapunov-Poincaré perturbation methods and an original numerically-analytic method of accelerated convergence to construct periodic solutions and the corresponding eigenvalues. We find the boundaries of stability and instability domains. We use specific models to illustrate the main properties of parametric oscillations of systems with singular character of the perturbation dependence on the modulation coefficient. We consider periodic boundary value problems for the modified Mathieu equation and the Kochin equation modeling crankshaft torsional vibrations and show that there are significant differences between weakly and essentially perturbed periodicmotions both for the lowest and arbitrary oscillation modes. We also describe the unusual properties of the boundaries in the domain of the system determining parameters.     

用微机计算柴油机零部件的变形与应力

本文利用微机对我国几种机车柴油机的曲轴、连杆、活塞、气缸盖、气缸套和机体等主要零部件进行了计算,讨论了计算模型的建立以及边界条件和载荷的处理办法。     

Dynamics of Slider-Crank Mechanisms with Flexible Supports and Non-Ideal Forcing

Transient and steady state dynamic response of a class of slider-crank mechanisms is investigated. Specifically, the class of mechanisms examined involves rigid members but compliant supporting bearings. Moreover, the mechanisms are subjected to non-ideal forcing. Namely, both the driving and the resisting loads are expressed as a function of the angular coordinate describing the crank rotation. First, an appropriate set of equations of motion is derived by applying Lagrange's equations. These equations are strongly nonlinear due to the large rigid body rotation of the crank and the connecting rod, as well as due to the nonlinearities associated with the bearing action and the form of the driving and the resisting loads. Consequently, the dynamics of the resulting dynamical system is examined by solving the equations of motion numerically. More specifically, transient response is captured by direct integration, while determination of complete branches of steady state response is achieved by applying appropriate numerical methodologies. Initially, mechanisms whose crankshaft is supported by bearings with rolling elements and linear stiffness characteristics are examined. Then, numerical results are presented for rolling element bearings with nonlinear stiffness characteristics. Finally, the study is focused on mechanisms supported by hydrodynamic bearings. In all cases, the attention is focused on investigating the influence of the system parameters on its dynamics. Moreover, models with constant crank angular velocity are first analysed, since they provide valuable insight into some aspects of the system dynamics. Eventually, the emphasis is shifted to the general case of non-ideal forcing, originating from the dependence of the driving and the resisting moments on the crankshaft motion.     

The effect of misalignment on performance characteristics of engine main crankshaft bearings

The effect of static misalignment on the dynamic behaviour of a main crankshaft bearing is examined in this paper. The mobility method of Booker is used to predict the performance parameters of the bearing such as the minimum oil-film thickness and the journal centre cyclic path under dynamic load conditions. The theoretical results are compared with those of an aligned bearing. The Ruston–Hornsby 6 Veb-X Mk III engine big-end bearing is selected as an example to validate the computer program incorporating the present analysis. It is shown that the misalignment has significant effects on the minimum film thickness and the journal centre trajectories even for the low values of misalignment parameters. It is also found that the presence of circumferential feed grooves can cause metal-to-metal contact in such bearings.     

Numerical model of the aspiration system of an internal combustion engine

A physicomathematical model of flow in the aspiration system of an internal combustion engine operating in a “cold” regime, i.e., for a prescribed motion of the crankshaft, has been constructed. An ideal single-species gas is used. Results of a series of calculations for a time interval of five operation cycles are presented. Deceased. Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 125–131, November–December, 1998.