基于凸模型的复杂多学科系统可靠性设计研究

复杂工程系统通常涉及到多个相互耦合的学科,而且其中往往存在不确定性因素。本文采用凸模型描述不确定性变量,将序列优化和可靠性评价方法应用于多学科可靠性优化之中,提出了一种新的多学科系统可靠性设计方法。在该方法中,可靠性分析采用功能度量法,多学科优化方法采用多学科可行方法或者二级系统一体化合成优化方法。数值算例和工程算例说明,该方法求解效率较常规嵌套求解方法效率高,为复杂工程系统的可靠性设计提供了一种新型求解算法。     

基于凸模型的复杂多学科系统可靠性设计研究

复杂工程系统通常涉及到多个相互耦合的学科,而且其中往往存在不确定性因素。本文采用凸模型描述不确定性变量,将序列优化和可靠性评价方法应用于多学科可靠性优化之中,提出了一种新的多学科系统可靠性设计方法。在该方法中,可靠性分析采用功能度量法,多学科优化方法采用多学科可行方法或者二级系统一体化合成优化方法。数值算例和工程算例说明,该方法求解效率较常规嵌套求解方法效率高,为复杂工程系统的可靠性设计提供了一种新型求解算法。     

斜井单螺杆抽油泵柱和扶正器间距的最优设计

在对斜井中单螺杆抽油杆柱进行受力分析的基础上建立了适合于斜、直井的一般力学模型 ,在四个约束条件下同时考虑可靠性最大和扶正器数目最少两个优化目标 ,对斜、直井中单螺杆泵系统的杆柱的杆径和扶正器合理间距进行优化设计。四个约束条件分别为 :1 .组合变形的最大剪应力强度 ;2 .疲劳强度 ;3.最大挠度 ;4 .井眼曲线的尺寸。根据分层优化的方法 ,分解为两个层次优化 ,第一个层次给定杆径以杆长为设计变量 ,扶正器数目最小为目标 ;第二个层次以杆径为设计变量 ,可靠性最大为目标 ;借助动态规划的思想 ,由井深最大的设计井段向上逐段求解。并编制了优化设计程序 ,在文中给出了优化设计的计算实例     

悬索桥负载移梁过程静力学分析与试验研究

针对轨索移梁新工艺在悬索桥建设中的关键技术问题进行了理论分析和整体模型试验研究。根据柔索结构基本假定,建立了轨索移梁系统负载状态下的整体力学分析模型,并推导了主缆、吊索和轨索等各构件受力状态的计算方程。理论模型中,移梁小车所在轨索节段采用4个直线索单元模拟,其他位置的轨索节段采用1个直线索单元模拟。以矮寨悬索桥为工程背景,设计制作了轨索移梁体系的整体缩尺模型用以模拟移梁过程,测试了第一段梁从入轨到安装多个子工况的体系响应。理论计算结果与模型试验结果吻合良好,表明本文的计算方法正确有效,能解决轨索移梁工艺负载移梁过程中体系整体受力分析和轨索局部变形分析求解问题。该方法可简化计算过程,计算精度和结果能够应用于工程计算分析和求解,是一种适合于轨索移梁工艺负载状态下体系的分析方法。     

基于减基法的结构静态极值响应快速计算方法

针对参数化结构系统的响应极值问题,提出了一种适用于快速分析结构静态响应极值的计算方法。该方法在有限元模型基础上,利用减基法原理建立减缩的优化模型,并结合遗传算法快速、准确地获取结构在测点处的静态响应极值,同时,为了更贴近工程应用,在建立优化模型和设计优化步骤时,考虑了求解多测点情况下的最大静态响应极值。算例分析和结果比较,表明该方法在保证响应极值求解精度的同时,具有极大的时效性。     

金属栅格加筋结构的并行协同优化方法

栅格加筋板的主要失效形式为整体屈曲和局部屈曲,据此提出了一种栅格加筋板布局的并行协同优化方法,将设计变量分为整体设计变量与局部设计变量,在两个子空间中并行优化,然后进行系统级协调,反复迭代至收敛。两个典型算例结果表明,本文方法优化流程清晰、算法稳定且结果可靠,可以获得最优解。     

隧道支护结构体系及其协同作用

隧道支护结构体系是围岩稳定性控制的关键,也是隧道设计的基本任务,而对支护结构之间相互作用过程和机制的系统认识则是定量化设计的基础. 本文从隧道围岩结构性和支护作用的本质特征出发,提出隧道支护具有"调动"和"协助"围岩承载的基本作用,明确了二者的功能分配原则和实现方式,即分别通过超前支护的保障作用、初期支护的核心作用和二次衬砌的安全储备作用共同完成;针对围岩的正面挤出、前倾式冒落和后倾式冒落等三种超前破坏模式,分别给出了相应的超前支护方式和支护效果评价方法;提出初期支护作为隧道围岩附加载荷的主要承担者,包括锚固体系与拱架及喷射混凝土结构,分别通过"调动"和"协助"围岩实现其承载功能,且同时具有"支"与"护"的作用;阐明了二次衬砌结构作为安全储备功能的内涵,建立了二次衬砌结构的载荷分担比率与刚度匹配性、支护时机的关系,并据此给出了二次衬砌结构参数和施作时机的建议值;建立了以围岩变形量$S$最小和协同度$\xi$最优为目标,基于超前支护、初期支护和二次衬砌与围岩相互作用三阶段的协同支护优化模型,明确了支护结构体系与围岩、不同支护结构之间以及支护结构要素之间三个层次的协同关系,并提出了隧道支护结构体系协同优化设计方法.      

应力约束下预应力平面实体钢结构拓扑优化设计

对预应力平面实体钢结构拓扑优化设计问题进行研究,建立了以索力值、单元尺寸和结构拓扑为设计变量,以应力为约束条件,以结构重量最小为目标函数的数学优化模型.在求解方法上,首先以满应力设计准则法建立索力值与结构重量之间的优化模型,通过该模型的求解确定索力值,并通过满应力设计选取单元尺寸,然后对单元体厚度按闻值进行分类,从而删除低厚度单元实现结构的拓扑优化.算例结果与预应力钢结构理论相吻合,表明本文所提出的方法是有效的,可为预应力钢结构体系创新提供理论方法.     

层次分析法在工程岩体分类中的应用

层次分析法是一种考虑定性与定量相结合的多目标决策分析方法。岩体工程分类受多种因素影响,本文选用多种因素进行全面的综合分析,建立了由4个层次组成的岩体工程分类层次分析体系,详细介绍了不同层次的判断矩阵的构造及分类过程。实测数据计算结果表明:岩体工程分类层次分析体系简单、适用、系统性强,评价结果真实、有效。     

动态设计变量优化方法及其在工程静力学通用程序设计中的应用

本文提出动态设计变量优化新方法并解决理论和工程问题，该方法首先构建目标函数框架，然后根据具体问题的输入条件，动态地进行设计变量分配和合理排序，形成实际问题的动态目标函数。基于动态设计变量优化方法，编制出一个能解决单刚体、刚体系的平面和空间问题、摩擦问题和桁架所有工程静力学平衡问题的通用程序，并通过实例分析验证。为解决更多工程领域问题提供有效新观点。     

结构分析和设计中神经网络计算研究评述

综述了工程结构分析和设计中神经网络计算研究的现状与趋势,指出了进一步发展神经计算的策略及方向。研究结果表明神经网络计算是工程结构分析中一种很有发展潜力的新方法。     

油井套管结构的最小成本设计

油井套管的最小成本设计是工程中关心的问题,本文提出了Fibonacci搜索法与相对差商法相结合的套管截面尺寸参数和扶正器布局问题的混合整数-离散变量优化方法,解决了多工况、多约束下套管结构的优化问题,已应用于工程实际。     

Estimates of accuracy of approximate solutions of some combined modular elastic continuum systems with discrete interaction

At present, it happens increasingly often that one needs to study complicated modular systems with discrete interaction between the units. If a system contains a distributed unit, then it is said to be combined. One method for studying such systems is to analyze their frequency models; in this case, it is sometimes required to calculate the Green functions of the distributed unit and study the block structures generated by a model of a system with superelements. A technique for studying such systems was developed in [1] and is called the factorized perturbation method; in foreign literature, this technique is called the Green function method (e.g., see [2]).The main idea of such methods is first to construct an equivalent system in the characteristic space that arises in the discrete macrostructure of the original system as a result of the discrete interaction between the units of the latter and then to reduce the characteristic solution to the original solution by using a simple transfer relation. A typical characteristic of structural methods is their algorithmic universality, which is independent of the special form of the discrete microstructure and requires solving a characteristic matrix equation. To obtain approximate solutions by these methods, one should approximately calculate the Green functions of the distributed units and explicitly indicate their operating frequency ranges ( see [3, 4]). The concept of structural methods is to obtain a system solution by using a priori studied elements.There are a variety of methods for studying combined modular systems. In view of this, the accuracy of the approximate solutions, which are also obtained by numerous methods, should be estimated from the algorithmic standpoint. At present, this is done at the level of practical-empirical considerations like doubling the number of grid points for the analysis of the distributed unit, taking into account additional vibration modes in the Green functions, etc.In the present paper, we describe a structural method for solving elastic one-dimensional distributed systems with discrete interaction and present an efficient scalar a priori estimate and a universal a posteriori estimate for the accuracy of an approximate solution, which can be used in many approximate methods, e.g., FEM [5].     

An Improved Computational Approach for Multilevel Optimum Design∗

Recently there has been a growing interest in methods that decompose complex optimization problems and employ a multilevel or hierarchical approach. One of the most irksome problems with the hierarchical approach is the discontinuous behavior of derivatives that are transferred from the lower levels of the hierarchy to the upper levels. This paper proposes a hierarchical algorithm that is free of such difficulties. A penalty function method is employed, in combination with Newton's method with approximate second derivatives, to perform the optimization. The penalty function formulation is shown to be natural for multilevel problems. A simple three-bar truss and a simple frame problem are used for demonstration     

多柔体系统动力学建模与优化研究进展

多柔体系统是由柔性部件和运动副组成的力学系统,在航空、航天、车辆、机械与兵器等众多工程领域具有广泛的应用前景, 其典型的代表包括柔性机械臂、直升机旋翼、卫星的可展开天线、太阳帆航天器等. 近年来,随着工程技术的发展,多柔体系统动力学问题日益突出,尤其是含变长度柔性部件的多柔体系统,不仅涉及其动力学 建模与计算,还涉及其动力学优化设计. 事实上,部件柔性对多柔体系统的动力学行为影响很大,直接影响到优化结果,因此需要发展基于多柔体系统动力学的优化设计方法. 本文首先阐述了多柔体系统动力学优化的研究背景及意义,简要回顾了多柔体系统动力学建模的3类方法:浮动坐标方法、几何 精确方法和绝对节点坐标方法,并介绍了含变长度柔性部件的多柔体系统动力学建模方法. 系统概述了多柔体系统动力学响应优化、动力学特性优化和动力学灵敏度分析3个方面的研究进展,并从尺寸优化、形状优化和 拓扑优化 3 个方面综述了多柔体系统部件优化的研究进展. 本文最后提出了在多柔体系统动力学优化研究中值得关注的若干问题.      

工程结构大系统设计的全局协调优化

在一般工程大系统全局协调优化设计与方法研究基础上，提出了工程结构大系统设计的全局协调优化要领构造了其优化设计的数学模型，给出了其求解途径，解决了结构系统总体静动力性态与其分结构静动力性态的计算关系与敏度关系问题，提供了其在航天器结构系统优化设计中的应用实例。     

局部失效缺陷下的二级层级褶皱结构失效机理研究

基于弹性梁理论,对局部失效缺陷下的二级层级褶皱结构失效机理进行了分析。通过对原结构体系和局部失效后新结构体系的受力分析,归纳总结了结构的六种失效模式。根据各失效模式之间的占优关系绘制了失效机理图,讨论了参数l1/l、θ和α对失效机理图的影响,并基于特定失效序列优化约束,给出了结构轻量化优化列式。通过数值仿真,验证了局部失效后二级层级褶皱结构失效预测的正确性和层级失效序列设计思路的可行性。最后采用3D打印模型进行了验证实验,实验结果与理论解吻合较好。     

Optimum design of laminated composite foam-filled sandwich plates subjected to strength constraint

Optimum design of laminated composite sandwich plates with both continuous (core thickness) and discrete (layer group fiber angles and thicknesses) design variables subjected to strength constraint is studied via a two-level optimization technique. The strength of a sandwich plate is determined in a failure analysis using the Tsai–Wu failure criterion and the finite element method which is formulated on the basis of the layerwise linear displacement theory. In the first level optimization of the design process, the discrete design variables are temporarily treated as continuous variables and the corresponding minimum weight of the sandwich plate is evaluated subject to the strength constraint using a constrained multi-start global optimization method. In the second level optimization, the optimal solution obtained in the first level optimization is used in the branch and bound method for solving a discrete optimization problem to determine the optimal design parameters and the final weight of the plate. Failure test of laminated composite foam-filled sandwich plates with different lamination arrangements are performed to validate the proposed optimal design method. A number of examples of the design of laminated composite foam-filled sandwich plates are given to demonstrate the feasibility and applications of the proposed method.     

基于自适应多可信度多项式混沌-Kriging模型的高效气动优化方法

多可信度代理模型已经成为提高基于代理模型的优化算法效率和可信度水平最有效的手段之一.然而目前流行的co-Kriging和分层Kriging (HK)等多可信度代理模型泛化能力不足,缺乏对高阶/高非线性建模问题的适应性,难以广泛应用.文章基于发展的自适应多可信度多项式混沌-Kriging (MF-PCK)代理模型,在提高建模效率和对高阶/高非线性问题近似准确率的同时,建立了基于该自适应MF-PCK模型的高效全局气动优化方法.在发展的方法中,提出了基于MF-PCK模型的新型变可信度期望改进加点方法,使代理优化算法效率进一步提高.为了验证发展方法的全面表现,将其应用在经典的数值函数算例以及多个跨音速气动外形的确定性优化和稳健优化设计中,并与基于Kriging和HK模型的代理优化算法进行了全面比较.结果表明,发展的新型多可信度全局气动优化方法其优化效率相对于基于Kriging和HK模型的优化效率显著提高,结果更好也更加可靠,并且稳健优化设计效率和结果也更符合工程应用需求,证明了其相对于基于Kriging和HK模型的代理优化算法的显著优势.     

On the effects of non-linear elements in the reliability-based optimal design of stochastic dynamical systems

The aim of the present paper is to study the effects of non-linear devices on the reliability-based optimal design of structural systems subject to stochastic excitation. One-dimensional hysteretic devices are used for modelling the non-linear system behavior while non-stationary filtered white noise processes are utilized to represent the stochastic excitation. The reliability-based optimization problem is formulated as the minimization of the expected cost of the structure for a specified failure probability. Failure is assumed to occur when any one of the output states of interest exceeds in magnitude some specified threshold level within a given time duration. Failure probabilities are approximated locally in terms of the design variables during the optimization process in a parallel computing environment. The approximations are based on a local interpolation scheme and on an efficient simulation technique. Specifically, a subset simulation scheme is adopted and integrated into the proposed optimization process. The local approximations are then used to define a series of explicit approximate optimization problems. A sensitivity analysis is performed at the final design in order to evaluate its robustness with respect to design and system parameters. Numerical examples are presented in order to illustrate the effects of hysteretic devices on the design of two structural systems subject to earthquake excitation. The obtained results indicate that the non-linear devices have a significant effect on the reliability and global performance of the structural systems.