随机应力过程下半椭圆型表面裂纹的扩展

本文应用随机平均原理研究了在随机载荷作用下具有随机抗裂特性的构件所含半椭圆型表面裂纹的疲劳扩展。导出了支配半椭圆型表面裂纹尺寸的转移概率密度的ＦＰＫ方程，给出了裂纹扩展方程在表面和深度两个方向互不耦合情形下的解析解。通过数例详细考察了具有确定性抗裂特性的构件所含半椭圆型表面疲劳裂纹在平稳窄带高斯应力作用下的扩展行为，并有和数字模拟验证方法的有效性。     

基于随机点过程理论的疲劳裂纹随机扩展模型

本文根据疲劳裂纹扩展特性，运用随机点过程理论导出了求取裂纹扩展随机过程低阶矩的公式。同时根据二阶矩近似法用Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布近似给定寿命下的疲劳纹长度分布。给出了求取给定寿命下裂纹超值概率分布和给定裂纹长度下疲劳寿命分布公式。最后，用小样本孔边短裂纹扩展数据对模型适用性进行了初步验证。     

基于非齐次复合Poisson过程的正交异性钢桥面板细节疲劳裂纹随机扩展研究

传统的正交异性钢桥面板疲劳损伤评估常采用确定性和可靠性分析方法,忽略了疲劳裂纹扩展的随机性影响,针对这一问题,提出钢桥面板细节疲劳随机扩展分析方法。本文以南溪长江大桥为工程背景,基于长期车辆荷载监测数据,建立了车辆荷载非齐次复合Poisson过程模型。建立钢桥面板有限元模型,采用瞬态分析方法将随机车辆荷载转化成细节疲劳应力,基于线弹性断裂力学理论推导U肋-顶板焊接细节疲劳裂纹扩展时变微分方程,实现宏观关系式疲劳应力幅次数-疲劳损伤至微观表达式应力时间序列-疲劳损伤转换,讨论了车载次序及超载对疲劳裂纹扩展的影响。研究结果表明,非齐次复合泊松过程模型能够较好描述随机车流运营状态,车辆荷载的次序对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响不可忽略,重车排序靠前时能够促使疲劳裂纹扩展增速,南溪长江大桥细节点的车辆超载迟滞效应修正系数取值0.804。     

谱载荷下疲劳裂纹扩展随机规律的实验研究

简要介绍了谱载荷下疲劳裂纹扩展试验的理论基础、方法和过程。讨论了各种数据处理方法对参数估计的影响,研究了疲劳裂纹扩展的随机规律。由试验得到的疲劳裂纹扩展试验数据估计了裂纹扩展方程的参数,计算出结构可靠度曲线,通过对试验结果的分析难证了以下结论：以时间为参量的裂纹扩展随机过程模型和以裂纹长度为参量的模型在一定条件下是统一的;数据处理方法的选择与可靠性分析的结果有密切的联系;裂纹扩展寿命受裂纹扩展队机     

随机超载下疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的计算

针对在基本循环载荷上加入随机超载序列的疲劳裂纹扩展问题，应用裂纹闭合的概念考虑超载的迟滞效应，将延迟时间描述成纯离散型马尔可夫过程。对相应的柯尔莫哥洛夫－费勒微积分方程进行了分步求解，结合疲劳断裂分别出现在基本循环峰载作用时和超载作用时两种情况，计算出不同可靠度下裂纹的扩展寿命，并研究了超载大小和发生强度对扩展寿命的影响。     

任意分布参数疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的可靠性分析

针对工程中疲劳裂纹扩展过程带有很大的随机性,采用Paris-Erdogan公式计算了两端承受均布拉伸载荷的边缘斜裂纹板的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命.裂纹扩展方向采用最大周向应力准则.在此基础上,以材料属性和载荷为随机变量,用随机有限元法结合计算可靠度的四阶矩法,分析了分布参数为任意分布时的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命可靠度对极限寿命的变化规律.通过算例说明本文方法的结果与Monte-Carlo Simulation的结果误差很小,对疲劳设计有一定的指导意义.     

疲劳裂纹随机扩展模型进展

本文分析了疲劳裂纹扩展具有分散性的主要来源，对疲劳裂纹随机扩展模型从唯象学的角度作了较为详细的分析和回顾．尽管疲劳裂纹随机扩展问题已有了很多的研究结果，但还有许多问题有待进一步的深入研究．     

扩展有限元法在结构件疲劳寿命估算中的应用

为了高效、准确估算飞机典型结构件的疲劳扩展寿命,基于通用有限元分析软件ABAQUS的扩展有限元功能计算应力强度因子,采用NASGRO方程计算疲劳裂纹扩展速率。为了避免大量重复提交运算的繁琐过程,应用PYTHON语言开发了在ABAQUS疲劳裂纹扩展分析中反复调用扩展有限元结果和NASGRO方程的子程序,在指定的疲劳裂纹扩展路径上实现了对飞机连接件疲劳裂纹扩展速率与寿命的计算。结果表明,模拟的疲劳裂纹稳定扩展阶段的寿命曲线与实验结果吻合较好,疲劳寿命误差约为10%。     

考虑T-stress的非正态随机参数疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的可靠性分析

基于断裂力学的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命问题的研究常常将裂纹尖端应力展开项的高次项忽略,引起了裂纹扩展模拟的误差,本文考虑高次项T-stress对裂纹扩展角的影响,对裂纹扩展过程做了数值模拟,结果显示相同裂纹扩展长度下,考虑T-stress会延长裂纹扩展寿命。文章首先采用修正的Paris-Erdogan 公式计算了两端承受均布拉伸载荷的边缘斜裂纹板的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命,裂纹扩展方向采用两参数修正的最大拉应力准则。由于结构尺寸,材料特性和载荷等因素具有不确定性,导致疲劳裂纹扩展过程带有一定的随机性,本文以材料属性和载荷为随机变量,在随机有限元法的基础上,结合计算可靠度的四阶矩法,Edgeworth级数展开方法,提出随机参数服从任意分布时的结构疲劳裂纹扩展寿命可靠度的计算方法。分析了参数为非正态分布时的平板裂纹扩展寿命可靠度随裂纹扩展的变化过程。本文方法可预测工程中板裂纹的扩展行为,以及预测裂纹板的可靠度。     

Johnson公式用于测紧凑拉伸试样的裂纹扩展

本文介绍了测量裂纹扩展的直流电位法中的Ｊｏｈｎｓｏｎ公式。对两侧切槽紧凑拉伸试样的标定实验和经疲劳予制裂纹试样实测表明，直流电位法的精度对试样裂纹宽度比较敏感。疲劳裂纹试样经裂端钝化效应修正后，Ｊｏｈｎｓｏｎ公式可以得到裂纹扩展量的较好测量精度     

Mixed mode fatigue crack growth in test coupons made from 2024-T3 aluminum

In this paper, two different fracture criteria are applied to determine the crack trajectory or angle of crack propagation in test specimens containing inclined cracks emanating from open holes. Also, different crack growth rate models are assumed for each criterion. The maximum principal stress criterion is used with a crack growth-rate equation based on an effective stress intensity factor. The strain energy density criterion is used with a crack growth-rate equation corresponding to an effective strain energy density factor. The crack growth-rate models for each criterion were constructed using unpublished fatigue crack growth data for 2024-T3 aluminum.     

Statistical analysis of high cycle fatigue crack growth: center crack in aluminum panel

High cycle fatigue crack growth results are obtained from a statistical analysis and compared with test data for an aluminum panel with a center crack under constant amplitude cyclic load. The analysis makes use of a generalized Fock-Planck equation that is satisfied by a union probabilistic density of stochastic variables of cycle number and crack length. Obtained are high degrees of modified expressions of the equation's coefficients and hence the analytical solution. A two-parameter fatigue crack growth rate relation is assumed together with a logarithmic average life distribution. Good agreement is obtained with test data for different initial crack lengths.     

基于局域分析的疲劳短裂纹群体演化随机模型

采用局域裂纹数密度描述金属材料中不同局部区域的疲劳短裂纹群体损伤的发展情况通过考虑在不同局域存在的材料性质的随机涨落及局部损伤对损伤总量发展的影响，建立了局域裂纹数密度演化随机方程对方程数值求解从而模拟了材料的疲劳短裂纹损伤过程结果显示出主裂纹出现的随机性，并讨论了裂纹总数与最大裂纹尺度在统计意义上的演化特征     

STOCHASTIC PROPAGATION OF SEMI-ELLIPTICAL SURFACE CRACK

The semi-elliptical surface crack growth of structural components withuncertain material resistance under random loading is studied by using the stochasticaveraging principle.The FPK equation governing the transition probability densityfunction of crack lengths is derived.The analytical solution of the FPK equation forthe case of that the equations for the crack growth in the surface and depth directionsare uncoupled is obtained.The effects of the parameters of the stress process and of thematerial property on the behavior of semi-elliptical fatigue crack growth of thecomponents with deterministic resistance to crack growth in the stationary Gaussianstress process are examined.The comparison of the analytical result with digitalsimulation shows the effectiveness of the present method.     

Strain energy density prediction of fatigue crack growth from hole of aging aircraft structures

Fatigue crack growth rate depends not only on the load amplitude, but also on the morphology of crack path. The strain energy density theory has the ability to analyze crack growth rate. A strain energy density crack growth model is proposed. It can predict the lifetime of fatigue crack growth for mixed mode cracks while an equation for mode I crack is also obtained. The validity of the model is established with two cases: a center-crack panel and cracks emanating from the edge of a hole. The stress intensity factor expression for the former case is analytical while that of the latter is calculated numerically using finite elements. The results are compared with the testing data. Good agreement shows that the proposed model is useful.     

对裂纹扩展规律Paris公式物理本质的探讨

首先讨论了著名力学家K.Krausz和A.S.Krausz关于Paris公式物理本质研究的成果，从材料的微观结构和裂纹尖端的应力场出发，应用位错动力学理论，热激活能理论和速率过程理论对疲劳裂纹扩展规律进行了微观到宏观的探讨。最终推导出疲劳裂纹扩展速率的一个解析表示式，该式严格地定了Paris公式的两个试验常数，赋予了Paris公式明确的物理意义，从而真实地揭示了Paris公式的物理本质，为这一经验的普遍规律奠定了理论基础。     

短裂纹随机行为与金属疲劳损伤的理论分析

近似求解了微裂纹演化系统随机偏微分方程。结果表明：当裂纹扩展速率的随机偏差正比于其平均速率时，材料损伤不随裂纹随机行为而变化。同时，还讨论了金属疲功损伤随机波动程度的变化趋势。     

A theoretical analysis on stochastic behaviour of short cracks and fatigue damage of metals

In this paper, the closed form of solution to the stochastic differential equation for a fatigue crack evolution system is derived, and the relationship between metal fatigue damage and crack stochastic behaviour is investigated. It is found that the damage extent of metals is independent of crack stochastic behaviour if the stochastic deviation of the crack growth rate is directly proportional to its mean value. The evolution of stochastic deviation of metal fatigue damage in the stage close to the transition point between short and long crack regimes is also discussed.     

A statistical theory of fatigue crack growth at damage cumulation

Summary A statistical theory of the fatigue crack growth at damage cumulation is proposed. The theory gives the average of fatigue crack length at any time t, and deduces the evolution of failure probability with time varying. Furthermore, the variance and relative error of fatigue crack length at any time t are acquired. The Paris equation for the average of the crack length at any time t is derived from the statistical theory. Therefore, the prediction of the probability distribution of the crack length can be given for any time t. Actual applications of the theory are given, which conform to the experiments. Accepted for publication 17 June 1996