碳黑填充超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究

采用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机考察了载荷及偶件表面粗糙度对碳黑填充超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响；利用扫描电子显微镜观察复合材料磨损表面形貌并分析了其磨损机理．结果表明：同UHMWPE相比，碳黑填充UHMWPE的磨损质量损失随载荷增加而增大的幅度较小；偶件表面粗糙度对碳黑填充UHMWPE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能影响较大，随着偶件表面粗糙度的增大，摩擦系数和复合材料的磨损质量损失均显著增大．UHMWPE及其碳黑填充复合材料在干摩擦条件下同45“钢及SiC喷涂层涂覆45“钢对摩时主要呈现犁削和塑性变形特征，犁削和塑性变形程度随载荷和偶件表面粗糙度增加而加剧。     

炭纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料/N80钢摩擦学性能研究

利用MG-200型摩擦磨损试验机研究了炭纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料/N80钢的摩擦学性能,考察了介质温度对摩擦学性能的影响;用扫描电子显微镜分析了磨损表面形貌.结果表明:在干摩擦条件下,炭纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料与N80钢对摩时的摩擦系数较低,炭纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的磨损主要表现为树脂基体脱落碳化和炭纤维的折断剥落,偶件钢环则呈现明显的磨粒磨损特征;在油井产出液润滑下炭纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的磨损率较低,摩擦系数和磨损率随着润滑介质温度的升高而增大,偶件钢环则呈现明显的磨粒磨损和腐蚀磨损特征.     

炭纤维增强铜基复合材料摩擦磨损性能同其磨损表面形貌相关性研究

考察了炭纤维增强铜基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,利用扫描电子显微镜、电子探针X射线显微分析仪和表面轮廓测试仪等观察分析了复合材料磨损表面形貌和元素组成.结果表明,复合材料摩擦磨损性能及其磨损表面形貌与粗糙度同载荷及滑动速度密切相关,当载荷和速度小于某一临界值时,复合材料同钢对摩时的摩擦系数和磨损率均较小,而当载荷和速度超过临界值时,复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率均大幅增大,复合材料磨损表面形成了由C、Cu和Fe等元素组成的固体润滑和防护薄膜,使得其在干摩擦条件下同钢对摩时的摩擦系数和磨损率均较低.     

氧化铝纤维含量对Al2O3f＋Cf／ZL109混杂复合材料耐磨性能的影响

利用挤压铸造法制备了Al2O3f Cf/ZL09短纤维混杂金属基复合材料，并探讨了炭纤维体积分数为4％时，Al2O3纤维含量变化对该复合材料耐磨性能的影响。结果表明：随着Al2O3体积分数增加，复合材料的摩擦系数逐渐增大，复合材料从轻微磨损到急剧磨损的临界转变载荷大幅度提高，并随Al2O3含量的增加而逐渐增大；在临界载荷以下，影响复合材料磨损率的Al2O3含量临界值为12％，当Al2O3含量低于临界值时复合材料磨损表面无明显剥落，而当Al2O3含量超过临界值后，复合材料磨损表面存在大量的剥落坑，磨损率增大。     

三维纺织炭纤维复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机考察了不同条件下三维编织炭纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,并用XL30 ESEM型扫描电子显微镜对磨痕和磨屑表面形貌进行了观察和分析.结果表明在干摩擦条件下,随着纤维含量的增加,复合材料的耐磨性提高;当pv值低于63 N*m/s时,材料的摩擦系数和磨损率较高,主要磨损机理为粘着磨损和疲劳磨损;当pv值大于63 N*m/s时,材料的摩擦系数和磨损率明显降低,主要磨损机理为粘着磨损.在润滑条件下,复合材料的耐磨性大幅度提高.     

MoS2和PTFE改性炭纤维织物复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用玄武三号栓-盘式摩擦磨损试验机研究了炭纤维织物及辐照PTFE粉和MoS2粉改性炭纤维织物复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,考察了MoS2的添加量及环境温度对改性炭纤维织物复合材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响,并用配备X射线能量色散谱的扫描电子显微镜对其磨损表面和偶件栓表面进行了观察和分析.结果表明:MoS2改性炭纤维织物可以明显改善炭纤维织物复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,而PTFE的加入则不利于其摩擦磨损性能的改善;当MoS2质量分数在5%～15%之间时,MoS2可以有效降低炭纤维织物复合材料的摩擦系数;当MoS2质量分数为10%时,MoS2改性炭纤维织物复合材料的综合摩擦磨损性能最佳;在不同温度条件下,MoS2改性炭纤维织物复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率均低于炭纤维织物材料;当温度达到240 ℃时,炭纤维织物复合材料的磨损率急剧增大,但MoS2改性炭纤维织物复合材料的磨损率比炭纤维织物材料降低近35%.     

稀土处理炭纤维填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能研究

研究了稀土元素(RE)处理炭纤维表面的最佳添加量和不同炭纤维表面处理对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料在干摩擦条件下摩擦磨损性能的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜对其磨损表面进行观察和分析.结果表明:当稀土元素在表面改性剂中的含量为0.3%时,炭纤维填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦磨损性能最佳;在干摩擦条件下,表面处理炭纤维填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦系数比未经处理炭纤维填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料的低,且其耐磨性较好;稀土处理使得复合材料的界面强韧性得到明显改善,从而提高了其摩擦磨损性能.     

Cu—纳米TiB2原位复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

采用销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机考察了Cu-纳米TiB2原位复合材料在滑动干摩擦条件下的磨损行为.结果表明:载荷和滑动速度对纳米TiB2颗粒原位增强Cu基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能有重要影响;随着载荷的增加,Cu-纳米TiB2原位复合材料的磨损率和摩擦系数增大;由于在较高载荷下发生表面开裂,TiB2增强相含量较高的原位复合材料的磨损由轻度磨损向严重磨损转化;在中等载荷下,表面保护性氧化膜和基体中纳米TiB2相使复合材料具有良好的抗软化能力,Cu-纳米TiB2原位复合材料的磨损率和摩擦系数随着滑动速度的增加而降低;在较高滑动速度下,复合材料的主要磨损机制为塑性流变和氧化磨损.     

三维编织炭纤维复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

用 MM- 2 0 0型摩擦磨损试验机考察了不同条件下三维编织炭纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的摩擦磨损性能 ,并用 XL30 ESEM型扫描电子显微镜对磨痕和磨屑表面形貌进行了观察和分析 .结果表明 :在干摩擦条件下 ,随着纤维含量的增加 ,复合材料的耐磨性提高 ;当 pv值低于 63N· m/s时 ,材料的摩擦系数和磨损率较高 ,主要磨损机理为粘着磨损和疲劳磨损 ;当 pv值大于 63N· m /s时 ,材料的摩擦系数和磨损率明显降低 ,主要磨损机理为粘着磨损 .在润滑条件下 ,复合材料的耐磨性大幅度提高     

炭纤维增强人工关节软骨材料——超高分子量聚乙烯的摩擦学特性

用炭纤维对超高分子量聚乙烯进行填充改性,测试了炭纤维填充量对其硬度及摩擦学性能的影响,用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了填充复合材料磨损表面形貌.结果表明:随着炭纤维含量增加,复合材料的硬度上升,耐磨性增强;炭纤维可大幅度降低超高分子量聚乙烯在蒸馏水润滑条件下的摩擦系数;超高分子量聚乙烯在干摩擦下的磨损主要表现为粘着、犁沟及塑性变形,而炭纤维填充复合材料的磨损表现为炭纤维的剥离.     

一种基于直接计算高阶奇异积分的断裂力学双边界积分方程分析法

相对于有限元法,边界单元法在求解断裂问题上有着独特的优势,现有的边界单元法中主要有子区域法和双边界积分方程法.采用一种改进的双边界积分方程法求解二维、三维断裂问题的应力强度因子,对非裂纹边界采用传统的位移边界积分方程,只需对裂纹面中的一面采用面力边界积分方程,并以裂纹间断位移为未知量直接用于计算应力强度因子.采用一种高阶奇异积分的直接法计算面力边界积分方程中的超强奇异积分;对于裂纹尖端单元,提供了三种不同形式的间断位移插值函数,采用两点公式计算应力强度因子.给出了多个具体的算例,与现存的精确解或参考解对比,可得到高精度的计算结果.      

汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡 碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析

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2008年5月12日,汶川M80地震在四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟内诱发一巨型滑坡。通过现场调查得知,滑坡前后缘高差455m,厚度20～30m,滑面为基岩层面,初始方量2750×107m3。滑体在运动中转化为碎屑流。滑坡-碎屑流总的水平运动距离为4022m,垂直运动距离为1443m,遗留的堆积物体积达5×107m3。滑坡距映秀—北川断裂仅36km,位于其下盘,地震烈度达XI度。滑坡导致文家沟中48人遇害,并形成一条完整的地震次生地质灾害链。初步分析表明滑坡启动速度快,滑坡向碎屑流转化过程明显、地点明确。碎屑流运动过程复杂,伴有强烈的“气垫效应”和“前缘气浪冲击效应”。作者认为,文家沟滑坡的高启动速度是长持时强烈地震动作用的结果,与山体的猛烈碰撞是导致滑体解体并转化为碎屑流的原因。     

Preface: Orbits around asteroid

One of the core issues in modern celestial mechanics is the orbital dynamics in the near-regime gravitational field of as- teroids, which provides deep insights into the mathematical nature of a class of nonlinear systems, and plays as a critical basis for in situ explorations of different science goals. Lots of efforts have been made to reveal the characteristics of orbital motion in the vicinity of asteroids, and to improve the skills of asteroid research in methodology.     

Effet de l'anisotropie élastique cristalline sur la distribution des facteurs de Schmid à la surface des polycristauxInfluence of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals

Experimental studies of the plasticity mechanisms of polycrystals are usually based on the Schmid factor distribution supposing crystalline elasticity isotropy. A numerical evaluation of the effect of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on the apparent Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals is presented. Cubic elasticity is considered. Order II stresses (averaged on all grains with the same crystallographic orientation) as well as variations between averages computed on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are computed. The Finite Element Method is used. Commonly studied metals presenting an increasing anisotropy degree are considered (aluminium, nickel, austenite, copper). Concerning order II stresses in strongly anisotropic metals, the apparent Schmid factor distribution is drifted towards small Schmid factor values (the maximum Schmid factor is equal to 0.43 instead of 0.5) and the slip activation order between characteristic orientations of the crystallographic standard triangle is modified. The computed square deviations of the stresses averaged on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are a bit higher than the second order ones (inter-orientation scatter). Our numerical evaluations agree quantitatively with several observations and measures of the literature concerning stress and strain distribution in copper and austenite polycrystals submitted to low amplitude loadings. Hopefully, the given apparent Schmid factor distributions could help to better understand the observations of the plasticity mechanisms taking place at the free surface of polycrystals. To cite this article: M. Sauzay, C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Nonlinear behavior of matrix-inclusion composites under high confining pressure: application to concrete and mortar

This paper is devoted to a micromechanics-based simulation of the response of concrete to hydrostatic and oedometric compressions. Concrete is described as a composite made up of a cement matrix in which rigid inclusions are embedded. The focus is put on the role of the interface between matrix and inclusion which represent the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). A plastic behavior is considered for both the matrix and the interfaces. The effective response of the composite is derived from the modified secant method adapted to the situation of imperfect interfaces. To cite this article: T.H. Le et al., C. R. Mecanique 336 (2008).     

Dynamics and Breakup of Viscoelastic Liquids (A Review)

The phenomena of hydrodynamic breakup of liquid jets, drops, films, bridges, and filaments are reviewed for liquids with viscoelastic properties. The reasons for breakup are capillary instabilities, collisions with rigid obstacles, and other forms of dynamic action. The relationship between the properties of the liquids and the features of the breakup process is discussed.     

Flow stability analysis and excitation using pulsating jets

Classical flow stability applied to transition from laminar to turbulent flow may also describe the behavior of vorticity fluctuations created by a pulsating jet placed along a solid boundary. A numerical laminar flow experiment involving a pulsating jet placed along the surface of a duct with flow separation downstream, resulted in eliminating most part of the separated flow region. Applying the same approach to a turbulent flow, it was possible to develop a turbulent stability flow formulation and apply successfully turbulent pulsating jet flow separation control. To cite this article: D. Skamnakis, K. Papailiou, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).