基于模糊迭代均方根容积卡尔曼滤波的天基非合作目标跟踪

针对非合作航天器相对导航中测量噪声不确定的问题,提出了一种模糊迭代均方根容积卡尔曼滤波算法,实现对非合作目标相对状态的测量。该算法利用容积点均方根迭代策略和模糊推理系统实时调整改进容积卡尔曼滤波的量测噪声协方差阵权值,修正量测噪声协方差阵,使其接近真实噪声值,从而提高目标跟踪算法的自适应能力,提高了滤波精度。通过建立数学仿真模型,分别采用扩展卡尔曼滤波、容积卡尔曼滤波以及模糊迭代均方根容积卡尔曼滤波进行跟踪仿真,仿真结果表明,与标准容积卡尔曼滤波相比,该改进算法能够提高13.17%的跟踪精度。     

惯导与GPS组合系统中实时自适应卡尔曼滤波技术的研究

—针对现有的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法实时性不强、结构繁杂，本文研究了在惯导与ＧＰＳ组合系统中应用一种修正的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法，并与常规卡尔曼滤波算法作了比较。仿真结果表明，这种算法具有结构简单、高效率和精度高等优点，不失为一种实用而有效的滤波算法。     

基于权值矩阵的模糊自适应卡尔曼滤波在组合导航中的应用

针对自主驾驶车辆长时间导航精度要求难以满足的问题,建立了GPS与微惯性导航系统的组合导航滤波模型,在位置观测的同时引入姿态信息,提高了导航精度。在此基础上提出了基于权值矩阵的模糊自适应卡尔曼滤波算法,该算法通过模糊控制器自适应地改变每个观测量的权值,得到权值矩阵引入卡尔曼滤波器实现自适应滤波。仿真和实验结果表明,所提出的权值矩阵模糊卡尔曼滤波性能优于衰减因子自适应卡尔曼滤波,特别是在GPS信号失真及噪声先验统计特性不可知的情况下,其定位精度能够保证在1m之内。     

基于模糊鲁棒自适应CKF算法的MEMS-IMU姿态估计

针对微机电惯组（MEMS-IMU）受到状态突变干扰、存在未知量测噪声等情况下,传统滤波算法无法准确估计系统姿态问题,提出了一种基于模糊鲁棒自适应容积卡尔曼滤波（FRA-CKF）的姿态估计算法。通过分析滤波新息序列的统计特性,根据检验原理设置了修正门限和修正边界,构造了容积卡尔曼滤波、鲁棒修正和自适应修正的隶属度函数,制定相应的模糊修正准则,使算法兼顾自适应性和鲁棒性。仿真及静、动态实验验证了所提出算法的有效性。静态实验结果表明,所提出的滤波算法相比CKF算法,航向角估计的均方根误差降低了80%,提高了滤波的精度和稳定性。     

基于SE(3)的扩展卡尔曼滤波姿态估计算法（英文）

利用李群理论对姿态估计问题开展研究,提出一种基于SE(3)扩展卡尔曼滤波姿态估计算法。通过将姿态信息和陀螺仪漂移构造为特殊欧式群SE(3)的元素,推导出了基于SE(3)扩展卡尔曼滤波的姿态估计算法SE(3)-EKF。通过对比分析,指出SE(3)-EKF与近年来提出的几何扩展卡尔曼滤波算法是等价的。在坐标系一致性的基础上,所提出的结论为几何扩展卡尔曼滤波算法提供了另外一种解释。仿真实验结果表明提出的SE(3)-EKF与几何扩展卡尔曼滤波算法精度基本一致,且在失准角较大时估计精度显著优于传统的乘性扩展卡尔曼滤波算法,从而从一定程度上放松了线性卡尔曼滤波姿态估计算法对初始姿态精度的要求。     

超平面滤波算法在GPS/INS组合导航系统中的应用研究

针对GPS／INS组合导航系统的滤波算法误差较大，在对常用的卡尔曼滤波算法进行总结和分析的基础上，给出了卡尔曼滤波的本质，提出了一种利用超平面调整卡尔曼滤波器的方法。以GPS／INS组合导航系统为例进行了仿真，结果表明：该方法既能抑制滤波发散，又能提高滤波精度。     

预测滤波器理论在惯导非线性对准中的应用

讨论了预测滤波器的基本算法，并针对平台惯性导航系统在大方位失准角情况下的非线性对准中，用预测滤波器无法估计陀螺误差的问题，提出了将预测滤波和扩展卡尔曼滤波相结合的算法。通过对大失准角下的静基座和动基座对准的仿真，证明预测滤波和扩展卡尔曼滤波相结合的算法能够提高的平台姿态误差角特别是方位误差角的估计精度。比起扩展卡尔曼滤波算法，该算法还能降低系统的维数，减小计算量。     

H∞滤波和自适应卡尔曼滤波在消除重力异常畸变中的对比研究

为了有效地消除重力异常畸变对海洋重力仪测量精度的影响，得到更高精度的重力异常测量值，根据随机过程理论，分析了重力异常状态方程，并对H∞滤波算法和自适应卡尔曼滤波算法进行了理论对比分析，将其应用到消除重力异常畸变系统中。为了避免滤波发散，自适应卡尔曼滤波采用降阶的Sage—Husa算法。理论分析和仿真实验表明：H∞滤波算法和自适应卡尔曼滤波算法都具有较好的滤波收敛特性，并能在一定程度上有效地消除重力异常畸变对重力异常测量精度的影响，但自适应卡尔曼滤波的性能优于H∞滤波。     

一种适用于陀螺定向测量数据处理的滤波算法

一本文针对陀螺仪定向模型的特点，提出一种自适应卡尔曼滤波算法，实际应用表明，该算法能有效地对陀螺定向数据进行实时处理，既保证了观测精度，又缩短了观测时间。     

一类加权全局迭代参数卡尔曼滤波算法

结合参数卡尔曼滤波算法和全局迭代推广卡尔曼滤波算法本文提出了加权全局迭代参数卡尔曼滤波算法。参数卡尔曼滤波算法可避免系统参数和状态变量之间的非线性耦合 ,同时通过带有目标函数的全局迭代算法保证能够获取到稳定、收敛的识别结果。分别针对线性结构模型和随动强化双线性结构模型进行了仿真参数识别。结果显示 ,不加权的全局迭代参数卡尔曼滤波算法对线性系统是有效的 ,而对非线性系统必须使用加权的全局迭代参数卡尔曼滤波算法。当信噪比较大 ,迭代无法得到收敛的结果时 ,目标函数保证了较好识别结果的获得     

Fuzzy logic adaptive Kalman filtering in the control of irrigation canals

A fuzzy logic adaptive Kalman filtering methodology was developed for the automatic control of an irrigation canal system under unknown disturbances (water withdrawals) acting in the canal. Using a linearized finite difference model of open channel flow, the canal operation problem was formulated as an optimal control problem and an algorithm for gate opening in the presence of arbitrary external disturbances (changes in flow rates) was derived. Based on the linear optimal control theory, the linear quadratic regulator (LQR), assuming all the state variables (flow depths and flow rates) were available, was designed to generate control input (optimal gate opening). As it was expensive to measure all the state variables (flow rates and flow depths) in a canal system, a fuzzy logic adaptive Kalman filter and traditional Kalman filter were designed to estimate the values for the state variables that were not measured but were needed in the feedback loop. The performances of the state estimators designed using the fuzzy logic adaptive Kalman filter methodology and the traditional Kalman filtering technique were compared with the results obtained using the LQR (target loop function). The results of the present study indicated that the performance of the fuzzy logic adaptive Kalman filter was far superior to the performance of the observer design based upon the traditional Kalman filter approach. The obvious advantages of the fuzzy logic adaptive Kalman filter were the prevention of filter divergence and ease of implementation. As the fuzzy logic adaptive Kalman filter requires smaller number of state variables for the acceptable accuracy therefore, it would need less computational effort in the control of irrigation canals. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Control of transient flow in irrigation canals using Lyapunov fuzzy filter‐based Gaussian regulator

An optimal fuzzy filter was applied to solve the state estimation problem of the controlled irrigation canals. Using linearized finite‐difference model of the open‐channel flow, a canal operation problem was formulated as an optimal control problem and an algorithm for gate openings in the presence of unknown external disturbances was derived. A fuzzy filter was designed to estimate the state variables at the intermediate nodes based upon measured values of depth at the points in the canal. A Lyapunov function was utilized as a performance index to formulate the fuzzy interference rules of the optimal fuzzy filter. A linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) optimal controller for a multi‐pool irrigation canal was considered as an example. The state estimation problem in the controller was simulated using two techniques: Kalman estimator and the proposed fuzzy filter. The performance of the fuzzy state estimator designed using the Lyapunov fuzzy technique was compared with the results obtained using the Kalman estimator technique. The obvious advantages of the fuzzy filter were the lower computational costs and ease of implementation. The results of this study demonstrated that proposed Lyapunov‐type fuzzy filter provides both good stability and simplicity in the control of irrigation canals more than a Kalman filter. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Active control for seismic response reduction using modal-fuzzy approach

An active modal-fuzzy control method using hydraulic actuators is presented for seismic response reduction. In the proposed control system, a new fuzzy controller designed in the modal space produces the desired active control force. This type controller has all advantages of the fuzzy control algorithm and modal approach. Since it is very difficult to select input variables used in fuzzy controller among numerous state variables in the active fuzzy control system, the presented algorithm adopts the modal control algorithm to be able to consider information of all state variables in civil structures that are usually dominated by first few modes. In other words, all information of the whole structure can be considered in the control algorithm evaluated to reduce seismic responses and it can be efficient for civil structures especially. In addition, the presented algorithm is expected to magnify utility and performance caused by efficiency that the fuzzy algorithm can handle complex model more easily. An active modal-fuzzy control scheme is applied together with a Kalman filter and a low-pass filter to be applicable to real civil structures. A Kalman filter is considered to estimate modal states and a low-pass filter was used to eliminate spillover problem. The results of the numerical simulations for a wide amplitude range of loading conditions and for historic earthquake show that the proposed active modal-fuzzy control system can be beneficial in reducing seismic responses of civil structures.     

基于模糊自适应强跟踪滤波的惯性/地磁组合导航方法

针对在量测噪声统计特性发生变化时,基于滤波算法的惯性/地磁组合导航系统存在精度下降甚至发散的问题,提出了一种基于模糊自适应强跟踪滤波算法的惯性/地磁组合导航方法,该方法通过制定模糊规则,实时监控系统残差变化,自适应地调整柔化因子的大小,即增强了滤波器对时变噪声的跟踪能力又保证了滤波器处理当前信息的能力.仿真结果表明:该方法能够很好地抑制纯惯性导航系统随时间累积的误差,而且在量测噪声统计特性发生变化时,系统误差没有出现明显的跳变,保证了整个导航系统的精度,提高了系统的鲁棒性.     

基于进化人工神经网络的组合系统滤波技术

在组合系统运用Kalman滤波器技术时,准确的系统模型和可靠的观测数据是保证其性能的重要因素,否则将大大降低Kalman滤波器的估计精度,甚至导致滤波器发散.为解决上述Kalman应用中的实际问题,提出了一种新颖的基于进化人工神经网络技术的自适应Kalman滤波器.仿真试验表明该算法可以在系统模型不准确时、甚至外部观测数据短暂中断时,仍能保证Kalman滤波器的性能.     

基于模糊逻辑控制的舰船组合导航自适应卡尔曼滤波器

双天线GPS提供的载体姿态信息与惯性导航系统信息进行融合可提高组合导航系统的性能。由于在实际应用中,GPS接收机可能会受到某种干扰无法提供舰船航向信息,从而降低传统卡尔曼滤波器的性能。因而提出了一种新的基于模糊逻辑控制的自适应卡尔曼滤波器。改进后的卡尔曼滤波器使用两个模糊逻辑控制器来调整两个系统的组合模式,并且根据卡尔曼滤波器的内部状态、GPS工作状态和舰船运动状态来计算卡尔曼增益。通过使用INS和GPS的实测数据验证,这种基于模糊逻辑控制的自适应卡尔曼滤波器能有效的提高INS/GPS组合导航系统的性能。     

基于FFUKF路面附着系数估计的汽车牵引力控制

以后驱牵引车为研究对象, 设计了基于路面附着系数估计的牵引力控制系统(TCS). 在路面附着系数估计方面, 针对传统卡尔曼滤波难以跟踪时变非线性系统的问题, 本文将模糊控制理论和衰减记忆滤波思想引入无迹卡尔曼滤波, 设计一种基于模糊遗忘因子的无迹卡尔曼滤波路面附着系数估计方法, 提高了算法的跟踪性能. 牵引力控制包括扭矩控制和制动控制. 在TCS扭矩控制方面, 分别利用路面附着系数和驱动轮滑转率在目标滑转率附近时的车辆加速度计算目标基础扭矩, 根据车辆行驶状态和抖振度参量, 基于可拓控制理论划分经典域、可拓域和非域, 通过可拓集的关联函数得到动态权重系数, 将上述两种方法计算得到的目标基础扭矩进行可拓融合设计出基础扭矩. 之后, 以实际滑转率和目标滑转率之间的误差作为输入, 采用模糊自整定PI控制器得到目标反馈扭矩. 在制动控制方面, 针对两种典型路面分别设计了PI控制压力和附着差压力. 实车试验结果表明, 基于模糊遗忘因子的无迹卡尔曼滤波算法能够更加快速地跟踪路面附着系数的变化, 同时基于路面附着系数估计的TCS控制策略能够有效抑制驱动轮过度滑转, 将驱动轮滑转率控制在最佳范围内, 显著提高了车辆的动力性.      

Performance enhancement for ultra-tight GPS/INS integration using a fuzzy adaptive strong tracking unscented Kalman filter

This paper conducts performance evaluation for the ultra-tight integration of Global positioning system (GPS) and inertial navigation system (INS) by use of the fuzzy adaptive strong tracking unscented Kalman filter (FASTUKF). An ultra-tight GPS/INS integration architecture involves fusion of the in-phase and quadrature components from the correlator of the GPS receiver with the INS data. These two components are highly nonlinearly related to the navigation states. The strong tracking unscented Kalman filter (STUKF) is based on the combination of an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and strong tracking algorithm (STA) to perform the parameter adaptation task for various dynamic characteristics. The STA is basically a nonlinear smoother algorithm that employs suboptimal multiple fading factors, in which the softening factors are involved. In order to resolve the shortcoming in a traditional approach for selecting the softening factor through personal experience or computer simulation, the Fuzzy Logic Adaptive System (FLAS) is incorporated for determining the softening factor, leading to the FASTUKF. Two examples are provided for illustrating the effectiveness of the design and demonstrating effective improvement in navigation estimation accuracy and, therefore, the proposed FASTUKF algorithm can be considered as an alternative approach for designing the ultra tightly coupled GPS/INS integrated navigation system.     

舰船平台上一种改进的传递对准方案设计与仿真

为了提高舰船惯性导航系统在动基座下的传递对准的精度和快速性,针对舰船平台的应用特点,采用卡尔曼滤波器对主、子惯导的"速度加角速率"参数的误差量进行滤波估计并进行了算法设计。运用卡尔曼滤波器的平滑算法改善传递对准的精度。针对卡尔曼滤波器平滑算法会降低对准速度的缺点,在只损失一小部分精度的前提下,创新性的采用卡尔曼滤波器的降阶算法提高了对准速度。通过Matlab软件对卡尔曼滤波器算法、卡尔曼滤波器平滑算法和卡尔曼滤波器平滑加降阶算法的速度误差和姿态误差分别进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,"速度加角速率"匹配传递对准改进算法具有稳健的对准精度和快速性,有一定工程应用参考价值。