基于功能度量法的概率优化设计的收敛控制

概率结构优化设计(PSDO)中概率约束的评定可以采用最近提出的、被认为更高效、稳定的功能度量法(PMA). 改进均值(AMV)迭代格式经常在PMA中使用,但它对一些非线性功能函数或非正态随机变量,搜索最小功能目标点时可能陷入周期振荡或混沌解,从而使PSDO的两层次算法或序列近似规划算法优化计算失败. 利用混沌反馈控制的稳定转换法对功能度量法的AMV迭代格式实施了收敛控制,使嵌入周期和混沌轨道的不稳定不动点稳定化,获得稳定收敛解,从而使概率约束的评定能正常进行;再由两层次算法或序列近似规划算法进行结构优化设计. 算例结果表明了稳定转换法实施收敛控制的有效性,以及序列近似规划算法相对高效的优点.      

结构可靠度分析FORM迭代算法的混沌控制

利用混沌控制原理对FORM收敛失败进行控制. 理清了全局性和局部性两类混沌反馈 控制各种方法的内在联系，说明稳定转换法和自适应调节法属于全局混沌反馈控制 方法，自适应调节法可视为稳定转换法的特例. 参 数调节混合法不过是松弛牛顿法的另一种表达形式，它们都属于局部混沌反馈控制方法. 阐 明了混沌反馈控制表达式与工程力学收敛控制迭代算法的对应关系. 也揭示了这些迭代算法 收敛控制措施的功效和局限性. 提出了一个以稳定转换法为主联合松弛牛顿法的混 沌反馈控制方法，对可靠度分析FORM迭代算法实现了周期振荡、分岔和混沌控制.     

概率功能度量求解的共轭梯度步长调节法

功能度量法(PMA)由于其稳定高效的特点,适用于概率结构优化设计中概率约束的评定。PMA中改进均值法常用于求解概率功能度量,针对其求解高度非线性功能函数时出现周期振荡和混沌等不收敛现象,提出了一种新的共轭梯度步长调节法(CGS)。该方法基于RMIL共轭搜索方向和自适应步长调节策略提出,新的共轭搜索方向在保证收敛性的前提下加速了迭代进程,而自适应步长调节策略无需了解功能函数凹凸性及非线性程度等先验信息,无需确定步长的合适取值。通过限定步长准则自动选取初始步长,并随迭代过程不断调节,直至最终收敛。多个算例表明,与其他求解方法相比,本文的共轭梯度步长调节法更加高效且稳健。     

结构可靠度响应面法的混沌动力学分析及其改进方法研究

引入混沌动力学理论讨论了结构可靠度响应面法收敛失败的非线性动力学根源.给出了几个典型非线性极限状态函数在参数区间上的可靠指标分岔图,展示了极限状态函数经过响应面法迭代成为非线性映射后计算结果的周期振荡、分岔和混沌等复杂动力学现象,说明了响应面法的收敛行为取决于极限状态函数的动力学性质和响应面法的迭代步长.在此基础上提出了改进响应面法用以改善经典响应面法收敛失败和计算误差大的缺点,算例结果证实了所提方法的可行性与精度.     

基于IGA-SIMP法的连续体结构应力约束拓扑优化

建立了一种IGA-SIMP框架下的连续体结构应力约束拓扑优化方法。基于常用的SIMP模型,将非均匀有理B样条（NURBS）函数用于几何建模、结构分析和设计参数化,实现了结构分析和优化设计的集成统一。利用高阶连续的NURBS基函数,等几何分析（IGA）提高了结构应力及其灵敏度的计算精度,增加了拓扑优化结果的可信性。为处理大量局部应力约束,提出了基于稳定转换法修正的P-norm应力约束策略,以克服拓扑优化中的迭代振荡和收敛困难。通过几个典型平面应力问题的拓扑优化算例表明了本文方法的有效性和精确性。应力约束下的体积最小化设计以及体积和应力约束下的柔顺度最小化设计的算例表明,基于稳定转换法修正的约束策略可以抑制应力约束体积最小化设计中的迭代振荡现象,获得稳定收敛的优化解;比较而言,体积和应力约束下的柔顺度最小化设计的迭代过程更加稳健,适合采用精确修正的应力约束策略。     

基于IGA-SIMP法的连续体结构应力约束拓扑优化

建立了一种IGA-SIMP框架下的连续体结构应力约束拓扑优化方法。基于常用的SIMP模型,将非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)函数用于几何建模、结构分析和设计参数化,实现了结构分析和优化设计的集成统一。利用高阶连续的NURBS基函数,等几何分析(IGA)提高了结构应力及其灵敏度的计算精度,增加了拓扑优化结果的可信性。为处理大量局部应力约束,提出了基于稳定转换法修正的P-norm应力约束策略,以克服拓扑优化中的迭代振荡和收敛困难。通过几个典型平面应力问题的拓扑优化算例表明了本文方法的有效性和精确性。应力约束下的体积最小化设计以及体积和应力约束下的柔顺度最小化设计的算例表明,基于稳定转换法修正的约束策略可以抑制应力约束体积最小化设计中的迭代振荡现象,获得稳定收敛的优化解;比较而言,体积和应力约束下的柔顺度最小化设计的迭代过程更加稳健,适合采用精确修正的应力约束策略。     

基于Armijo准则的自适应稳定转换法

结构可靠度分析是结构不确定性设计的关键环节,计算效率和鲁棒性是评估可靠度分析算法性能的两个重要指标。首先针对两个已有的一次二阶矩算法（iHL-RF算法和方向性稳定转化法）进行分析,发现iHL-RF算法根据Armijo准则可以自适应调整迭代步长,但计算效率低;方向性稳定转化法根据振荡的方向性可以提高计算效率,但自适应性差。结合两种算法的优点,将Armijo准则用于自适应调整方向性稳定转化法的混沌控制因子,提出了基于Armijo准则的自适应稳定转换法。通过四个非线性算例将本文提出的算法与HL-RF、iHL-RF、混沌控制法以及方向性稳定转换法等四种算法的收敛性和计算效率进行比较。结果表明,相比其他四种可靠度分析算法,本文算法在求解二维和多维非线性极限状态函数时均具有更好的收敛性和更高的计算效率。     

基于Armijo准则的自适应稳定转换法

结构可靠度分析是结构不确定性设计的关键环节,计算效率和鲁棒性是评估可靠度分析算法性能的两个重要指标。首先针对两个已有的一次二阶矩算法(iHL-RF算法和方向性稳定转化法)进行分析,发现iHL-RF算法根据Armijo准则可以自适应调整迭代步长,但计算效率低;方向性稳定转化法根据振荡的方向性可以提高计算效率,但自适应性差。结合两种算法的优点,将Armijo准则用于自适应调整方向性稳定转化法的混沌控制因子,提出了基于Armijo准则的自适应稳定转换法。通过四个非线性算例将本文提出的算法与HL-RF、iHL-RF、混沌控制法以及方向性稳定转换法等四种算法的收敛性和计算效率进行比较。结果表明,相比其他四种可靠度分析算法,本文算法在求解二维和多维非线性极限状态函数时均具有更好的收敛性和更高的计算效率。     

结构可靠度FORM方法的混沌动力学分析

引入混沌动力学理论讨论了FORM收敛失败的非线性动力学根源. 给出了几个典 型函数在参数区间上的可靠指标分岔图，展示了极限状态函数经过FORM迭代成为 非线性映射后计算结果的周期振荡、分岔和混沌等复杂动力学现象，计算了非线性映射的 Lyapunov指数. 结果表明，极限状态函数设计点的曲率大小与FORM的收敛性没有简单的联 系，判别FORM迭代计算收敛性的指标是非线性映射的Lyapunov指数.     

关于几何规划迭代法的讨论

本文利用正定几何规划原问题与对偶问题的关系以及迭代结果,提出了具体估计理论解存在范围的方法;针对缩并函数性态不良时,变量在迭代过程中易来回振荡,不易收敛,甚至不收敛的问题,提出了在迭代中对对偶变量增加一修正步,以减小变量振荡的方法;并由此使从可行域外,用一系列正定几何规划逐次逼近原问题最优解的方法获得成功,从而扩大了Avriel-Williams方法的应用范围,改善了缩并函数性态不良时的收敛性.     

Numerical instabilities and convergence control for convex approximation methods

Convex approximation methods could produce iterative oscillation of solutions for solving some problems in structural optimization. This paper firstly analyzes the reason for numerical instabilities of iterative oscillation of the popular convex approximation methods, such as CONLIN (Convex Linearization), MMA (Method of Moving Asymptotes), GCMMA (Global Convergence of MMA) and SQP (Sequential Quadratic Programming), from the perspective of chaotic dynamics of a discrete dynamical system. Then, the usual four methods to improve the convergence of optimization algorithms are reviewed, namely, the relaxation method, move limits, moving asymptotes and trust region management. Furthermore, the stability transformation method (STM) based on the chaos control principle is suggested, which is a general, simple and effective method for convergence control of iterative algorithms. Moreover, the relationships among the former four methods and STM are exposed. The connection between convergence control of iterative algorithms and chaotic dynamics is established. Finally, the STM is applied to the convergence control of convex approximation methods for optimizing several highly nonlinear examples. Numerical tests of convergence comparison and control of convex approximation methods illustrate that STM can stabilize the oscillating solutions for CONLIN and accelerate the slow convergence for MMA and SQP.     

Chaos control of a new 3D autonomous system by stability transformation method

This paper sheds new insights into the stability transformation method (STM) for chaos control of dynamical system. The STM is applied to stabilize both multiple equilibrium points and unstable periodic orbits (UPOs) embedded in the chaotic attractor of a new 3D autonomous system. Firstly, the different equilibrium points of chaotic system are stabilized with STM by choosing specific initial points and involutory matrices. Then, the stability matrix is derived based on a priori information of equilibrium points, which indicates that the non-involutory matrix can also be used to control the unstable equilibrium points of chaotic systems. Finally, it is found that the STM can be regarded as a special form of speed feedback control method (SFCM), which facilitates the practical implementation of STM scheme. The chaotic system can be controlled by adopting the corresponding feedback control strategy once the stability matrices are determined. In this way, the blindness of choice for control strategy in the SFCM is avoided, and the difficulty for determining the state variables to be controlled is overcome.     

非自治时滞反馈控制系统的周期解分岔和混沌

研究时滞反馈控制对具有周期外激励非线性系统复杂性的影响机理,研究对应的线性平衡态失稳的临界边界,将时滞非线性控制方程化为泛函微分方程,给出由Hopf分岔产生的周期解的解析形式．通过分析周期解的稳定性得到周期解的失稳区域,使用数值分析观察到时滞在该区域可以导致系统出现倍周期运动、锁相运动、概周期运动和混沌运动以及两条通向混沌的道路：倍周期分岔和环面破裂．其结果表明,时滞在控制系统中可以作为控制和产生系统的复杂运动的控制“开关”．     

Using fractional-order integrator to control chaos in single-input chaotic systems

This paper deals with a fractional calculus based control strategy for chaos suppression in the 3D chaotic systems. It is assumed that the structure of the controlled chaotic system has only one control input. In the proposed strategy, the controller has three tuneable parameters and the control input is constructed as fractional-order integration of a linear combination of linearized model states. The tuning procedure is based on the stability theorems in the incommensurate fractional-order systems. To evaluate the performance of the proposed controller, the design method is applied to suppress chaotic oscillations in a 3D chaotic oscillator and in the Chen chaotic system.     

Route to Chaos for Moderate Prandtl Number Convection in a Porous Layer Heated from Below

The route to chaos for moderate Prandtl number gravity driven convection in porous media is analysed by using Adomian's decomposition method which provides an accurate analytical solution in terms of infinite power series. The practical need to evaluate numerical values from the infinite power series, the consequent series truncation, and the practical procedure to accomplish this task, transform the otherwise analytical results into a computational solution achieved up to a desired but finite accuracy. The solution shows a transition to chaos via a period doubling sequence of bifurcations at a Rayleigh number value far beyond the critical value associated with the loss of stability of the convection steady solution. This result is extremely distinct from the sequence of events leading to chaos in low Prandtl number convection in porous media, where a sudden transition from steady convection to chaos associated with an homoclinic explosion occurs in the neighbourhood of the critical Rayleigh number (unless mentioned otherwise by 'the critical Rayleigh number' we mean the value associated with the loss of stability of the convection steady solution). In the present case of moderate Prandtl number convection the homoclinic explosion leads to a transition from steady convection to a period-2 periodic solution in the neighbourhood of the critical Rayleigh number. This occurs at a slightly sub-critical value of Rayleigh number via a transition associated with a period-1 limit cycle which seem to belong to the sub-critical Hopf bifurcation around the point where the convection steady solution looses its stability. The different regimes are analysed and periodic windows within the chaotic regime are identified. The significance of including a time derivative term in Darcy's equation when wave phenomena are being investigated becomes evident from the results.