接触问题的非线性互补—接触柔度法

基于势能互补原理，不引入额外松弛变量，对库仑摩擦定律未做预先性化近似，提出了三维弹性摩擦接触问题的非线性互补－接触柔度法，收敛性和收敛速率得到了严格理论保证。数值实验结果表明方法可靠，有效，低存储量，高精度。     

间隙元在钻柱接触非线性力学分析中的应用

为了描述钻柱与井壁的接触摩擦非线性问题，构造了多向接触摩擦间隙元，并进行了理论公式推导，把多向接触摩擦间隙元与梁单元相结合，建立了钻柱接触和几何非线性有限元分析方法。经大庆油田GPl水平井应用表明，该方法能够求出钻柱在不同井深处的接触摩阻力，其井口悬重计算误差低于10％，为钻柱设计和现场施工提供了可靠的理论依据。     

从规划法求解看有摩擦接触解的不唯一性

以单点接触问题为例研究了有摩擦接触问题的几个特点，给出了这类问题出现不唯一解的条件。进而从二次规划求解角度分析了解的不稳定性与不唯一性的数学原理，文中给出了规划法求解有摩擦接触问题应注意的问题     

电接触材料摩擦学研究进展

电接触材料在生活生产应用中发挥着重要的作用，但其面临着较为复杂的摩擦磨损问题，因此对电接触材料的研究至关重要. 文章从摩擦学角度出发，综述了当前几种常见的铜基、银基和金基电接触材料的特点以及存在的问题，分析了不同接触载荷、电流和滑动速度等条件下电接触材料的载流摩擦学行为、载流摩擦磨损机制、计算模拟研究以及当前还存在的问题. 提出未来应发展石墨烯等性能优异的新型电接触材料以及加强对多因素耦合作用下电接触体系的摩擦磨损行为和失效机制的研究，这将为未来电接触材料摩擦学的研究发展提供一定的参考价值.      

大变形中摩擦接触问题的数值模拟及应用

大变形的摩擦接触是复杂的非线性问题 ,本文介绍了一种处理摩擦接触问题的数值方法。采用接触单元技术模拟接触界面 ,基于弹塑性理论形式的非经典Coulomb摩擦定律及罚函数方法建立了摩擦接触的增量本构关系。结合大变形的增量分析格式给出了积分摩擦接触本构方程的回映方法。这种处理摩擦接触问题的方法计算简单、使用方便。给出的计算实例及应用实例说明了方法的精度与稳定性     

基于声发射监测的静载荷滑动轴承接触摩擦故障诊断的实验研究

在利用振动信号诊断静载荷滑动轴承接触摩擦故障的基础上，利用声发射监测方法对静载荷滑动轴承接触摩擦故障进行诊断．研究表明，与振动信号相比，声发射信号的频率响应范围更宽，所包含的信息量更大，能较好地反映轴承的摩擦规律，故障特征明显，易于识别，参数稳定性较好，因而可以更有效地诊断静载荷滑动轴承接触摩擦故障．     

柔性转子弹性对行波旋转超声电机接触特性的影响

转/定子间动态接触过程决定行波旋转超声电机(TRUM)的输出性能,但是柔性转子弹性在以往界面接触特性研究中常被忽略.本文中基于建立的考虑柔性转子和摩擦层三维弹性的转-定子动力学耦合模型,从接触界面的接触状态、速度、接触应力、摩擦应力驱动和阻碍子区等空间分布角度,研究了柔性转子弹性对TRUM摩擦界面的动态接触行为和摩擦损耗的影响.结果表明：柔性转子在轴向、径向和切向均呈现出一定的振动速度,且在接触界面沿圆周方向与定子各向速度形成一定的相位关系,显著影响界面动态接触特性、摩擦特性和摩擦损耗;柔性转子与定子轴向位移分布的相位一致性表明,定子与摩擦层的接触界面具有类齿轮啮合机制;与以往中间驱动两端阻碍的分布结果不同,考虑转/定子动力学耦合的接触区摩擦应力分布为一端驱动和一端阻碍的新机制.计算结果表明在建模过程中忽略柔性转子弹性得到的界面摩擦损耗要比考虑柔性转子弹性获得的摩擦损耗大得多,主要原因：(1)柔性转子径向刚度小,摩擦力作用下接触区的运动方向与定子相同,从而减小了径向速度差和径向摩擦损耗;(2)柔性转子界面的切向振动特性,改变了接触界面黏-滑子区分布,使得行波远离端的摩擦应力阻碍子区消失...     

摩擦过程中真实接触面积的灰色分析

灰色系统理论是近几年以随机过程为研究对象而形成和发展起来的，在农业和自动控制等方面的研究与应用发展较快．为了使这种理论应用于摩擦学研究领域，从光全反射测量和计算机数值计算两方面，考察了粗糙表面接触时真实接触面积的随机特性，指出摩擦过程中的真实接触面积是一种含有随机成分的变化量，研究目标应当侧重于真实接触面积的变化趋势和范围，而不是它的精确解．在此基础上，首次利用灰色系统理论，分别对静态和动态接触条件下真实接触面积的变化规律进行了灰色分析，建立了精度比较高的预测真实接触面积的灰色模型ＣＭ（１，１）．这种模型对动、静接触面积的计算值与实测值具有良好的一致性，可以用于动态跟踪描述摩擦过程中真实接触面积的变化规律     

接触问题的互补变分原理及非线性互补模型

给出了接触问题的互补虚功原理，互补能量原理及变分不等式等变分提法，并讨论了三类提法的关系。其此建立了有限维非线性互补模型并给出解的存在唯一性定理。文中还阐明了有，无摩擦接触问题之间以及二维和三维有摩擦接触问题之间的本质区别。     

一种分析手指接触摩擦的新型试验装置

手指接触摩擦行为的研究对人类生产生活具有重要的意义,鉴于影响这一行为的因素众多,到目前为止手指接触摩擦特性还未被深入认识.针对当前手指接触摩擦试验中的试验变量难以控制和试验可靠性较差等问题,设计出一种新型的试验装置并对受试者手指进行了接触摩擦重复性试验,得出新型装置能确保手指与样品间的法向力、接触角度的稳定性,使得试验结果具有很好的可比性和可靠性,并证实了该试验装置能准确地考察粗糙度、接触角度等因素对手指接触摩擦过程的影响.该装置的研制将对系统深入揭示手指接触摩擦学行为具有重要的意义.     

NON-INTERIOR SMOOTHING ALGORITHM FOR FRICTIONAL CONTACT PROBLEMS

A new algorithm for solving the three-dimensional elastic contact problem with friction is presented. The algorithm is a non-interior smoothing algorithm based on an NCP-function. The parametric variational principle and parametric quadratic programming method were applied to the analysis of three-dimensional frictional contact problem. The solution of the contact problem was finally reduced to a linear complementarity problem, which was reformulated as a system of nonsmooth equations via an NCP-function. A smoothing approximation to the nonsmooth equations was given by the aggregate function. A Newton method was used to solve the resulting smoothing nonlinear equations. The algorithm presented is easy to understand and implement. The reliability and efficiency of this algorithm are demonstrated both by the numerical experiments of LCP in mathematical way and the examples of contact problems in mechanics.     

Frictional contact problem for elastic-viscoplastic materials with thermal effect

A dynamic contact problem for elastic-viscoplastic materials with thermal effects is investigated. The contact is bilateral, and the friction is modeled with Tresca’s friction law with heat exchange. A variational formulation of the model is derived, and the existence of a unique weak solution is proved. The proofs are based on the classical result of nonlinear first order evolution inequalities, the equations with monotone operators, and the fixed point arguments. Finally, the continuous dependence of the solution on the friction yield limit is studied.     

Response of frictional contact problems in thermo-rheologically complex structures

This paper presents a comprehensive computational model for predicting the nonlinear response of frictional viscoelastic contact systems under thermo-mechanical loading and experience geometrical nonlinearity. The nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model is expressed by an integral form of a creep function, whose elastic and time-dependent properties change with stresses and temperatures. The thermo-viscoelastic behavior of the contacting bodies is assumed to follow a class of thermo-rheologically complex materials. An incremental-recursive formula for solving the nonlinear viscoelastic integral equation is derived. Such formula necessitates data storage only from the previous time step. The contact problem as a variational inequality constrained model is handled using the Lagrange multiplier method for exact satisfaction of the inequality contact constraints. A local nonlinear friction law is adopted to model friction at the contact interface. The material and geometrical nonlinearities are modeled in the framework of the total Lagrangian formulation. The developed model is verified using available benchmarks. The effectiveness and accuracy of the developed computational model is validated by solving two thermo-mechanical contact problems with different natures. Moreover, obtained results show that the mechanical properties and the class of thermo-rheological behavior of the contacting bodies as well as the coefficient of friction have significant effects on the contact response of nonlinear thermo-viscoelastic materials.     

Applicability of the Hertz contact theory to rail-wheel contact problems

Summary Rail-wheel contact problems have been analyzed by applying three-dimensional finite element models. Based on these models, the applicability of the Hertz contact theory (HCT) to rail-wheel contact problems is verified in the present paper. Beside a standard rail, also a crane rail and a switching component are considered in the verification. In the case of a contact between the standard rail UIC60 and the standard wheel UICORE, different transverse contact positions are analyzed. Numerically calculated distributions of the contact pressure for different types of rails with respect to different initial contact positions agree with the results from the HCT only if either the contact zone does not spread into a region of changed surface curvature or if plastification does not occur. Finally, the convective part of the dissipation power due to friction is calculated, which cannot be provided directly by the HCT. Received 5 August 1998; accepted for publication 6 May 1999     

PROGRAM-PATTERN MULTIPOLE BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD FOR FRICTIONAL CONTACT

A mathematical program is proposed for the highly nonlinear problem involving frictional contact. A program-pattern using the fast multipole boundary element method (FMBEM) is given for 3-D elastic contact with friction to replace the Monte Carlo method. A newoptimized generalized minimal residual (GMRES) algorithm is presented. Numerical examples demonstrate the validity of the program-pattern optimization model for node-to-surface contact with friction. The GMRES algorithm greatly improves the computational efficiency.     

The equilibrium state of a structure subject to frictional contact

A structure in frictional contact subject to static loads has not, in general, a unique static equilibrium state. This is because the state, displacements and contact forces, depend on the load history of the structure.In cases where the exact load history is not known it would be of interest to find a state that is in some sense likely and define this as the equilibrium state. In this paper, it is assumed that the state with the smallest potential energy is the most likely one. The implication of this definition of likely state is analysed and shows that the resulting problem basically can be seen as a generalization of the frictionless contact problem to structures where no frictionless state is possible, i.e. structures where non-zero friction forces are necessary to satisfy force equilibrium.The results of several numerical experiments are given. The structures in the experiments are trusses and structures modelled by the finite element method. Both a sequential quadratic programming method and an enumeration method are used to solve the likely-state problem.     

转换位移自由度法求解滑动接触问题

有限元分析中,一般都是以节点沿坐标轴方向的位移组成位移自由度空间,以单个节点上沿坐标轴方向的位移和等效节点荷载作为边界条件。而接触问题的位移边界条件,一般都采用多个节点位移线性组合的形式,其相应的荷载边界条件则为接触面上的法向接触力和切向摩擦力。本文从广义自由度的概念出发,通过对总刚矩阵进行处理,直接用接触点的位移自由度的组合表征相关节点沿法向和切向的位移自由度,其荷载边界条件亦相应转化为切向和法向荷载,从而可以方便地输入接触边界条件,完成接触分析。采用本文提到的方法,不必增加位移自由度,并可以保证总刚矩阵的对称性和各接触条件的独立性。试验证明,本方法是正确有效的。     

A friction contact stiffness model of fractal geometry in forced response analysis of a shrouded blade

To investigate the nonlinear vibration behavior of a shrouded blade with friction dynamic contact interface, a friction contact stiffness model is proposed to describe the friction force at different rough interfaces and different normal loads. In the proposed model, the friction contact interface is discretized to a series of friction contact pairs and each of them can experience stick, slip, or separate states. Fractal geometry is used to simulate the topography of contact surfaces. The contact stiffness is calculated using the Hertz contact theory and fractal geometry, which is related to contact interfaces parameters including normal load, roughness, Young??s modulus, and Poisson??s ratio. The trajectory tracking method is used to predict the friction force and it is not necessary to judge the transition condition among stick, slip, and separate states. It is suitable for complicated periodic motion of the contact interfaces. The forced response of a real shrouded blade is predicted using the proposed model and the multi-harmonic balance method. The effect of surface roughness, initial normal load, and contact area on the forced response of a shrouded blade is studied. It is shown that contact stiffness increases with normal load and fractal dimension. The resonant amplitude is sensitive to the initial normal load and contact surface roughness. The response can be influenced by the contact area, which is an important parameter for blade designers.     

齿轮接触有限元分析

通过接触仿真分析研究了通用接触单元在轮齿变形和接触应力计算中的应用。建立了一对齿轮接触仿真分析的模型，并使用新的接触单元法计算了轮齿变形和接触应力，与赫兹理论比较，同时也计算了摩擦力对接触应力的影响。计算分析了单元离散、几何、边界范围与加载或约束处理方式的误差，建立了一个计算轮齿变形和接触应力的标准，说明了新的接触单元法的精确法、有效性和可靠性。