无单元法求解欧拉梁及梁系的自由振动问题

双变量无单元法以广义移动最小二乘法为理论基础,同时考虑挠度和转角双变量.采用双变量无单元法建立了欧拉粱的质量矩阵和刚度矩阵,并进行自由振动的计算.不同边界条件欧拉梁动力特性的算例表明:双变量无单元法比与只考虑挠度的单变量无单元法具有更高的插值精度,并能在高阶振型计算中获得明显优于有限元的计算精度.通过试算法对影响半径中的scale乘子进行了讨论,认为在动力计算中Scale取3.5较合理.最后在欧拉粱的基础上,将无单元法应用于梁系模型的自由振动计算,显示了该法在复杂模型中的精确性.     

变截面梁动力响应的频域传递矩阵计算方法

为提高变截面梁振动分析的计算效率,提出了基于频域传递矩阵法的动力计算算法．首先,选择线速度、角速度、弯矩和剪力作为求解变量,通过Laplace变换将变截面梁的动力响应时域偏微分方程转换为频域常微分方程;然后,通过求解频域方程并结合协调和边界条件建立变截面梁的频域传递矩阵;通过构造傅里叶级数展开形式的时域响应函数,对变截面梁传递矩阵方法求解的频响函数进行Laplace逆变换,建立了变截面梁的固有特性计算和时域瞬态响应计算方法,最后,借助数值仿真软件,开发了变截面梁动力响应分析的计算程序．完成对算例的仿真计算和分析,并与有限元计算结果进行对比,数值结果验证了该方法的正确性和有效性．     

大跨度斜拉桥动力特性分析

本文提出一种计算大距度钢桁梁斜拉桥动力特性的方法。文中分别采用桁段有限单元、空间梁元、空间杆元计算斜拉桥中桁架，桥塔、拉索的刚度矩阵与质量矩阵，采用子空间迭代法求解特征方程，所得结果可供设计参考。     

大跨率桥梁直接考虑拟静力位移影响的随机地震反应分析

对 Duhamel积分引入了改进的脉冲响应函数 ,建立了激励演变谱矩阵与总动力响应演变谱之间的关系 ,并对实际大跨度斜拉桥进行了数值计算。这一成果实现了全面考虑各种地震动时空变化特性下的直接求解结构总动力响应的时域法和频域法计算列式 ,使得地震动多点激励下考虑拟静力位移影响的结构响应计算过程大为简化。     

饱和多孔介质大变形分析的一种有限元-有限体积混合方法

建立了饱和多孔介质大变形分析的一种有限元-有限体积混合计算方法.将饱和多孔介质视为由固体骨架和孔隙水组成的两相体,其基本方程包括动力平衡方程和渗流连续方程.基于u-p假定和更新的Lagrange方法,饱和多孔介质的动力平衡方程在空间域内采用有限元方法进行离散,而渗流连续方程在空阃域内则采用有限体积法进行离散.通过两个数值算例,一维有限弹性固结和动力荷载作用下堤坝动力响应的计算,验证了该方法的有效性.     

用有限积分计算曲率复杂分布下的结构挠度

有限积分法是Brown和Trahair在求解微分方程时采用的数值解法, 其核心环节是已知函数z= z(x)的导函数z′ =z′(x)的某些值的情况下数值分析z的方法. 由曲率φ计算挠度, 实质意义上是由z″计算z的数学问题. 基于有限积分法给出的z与z″之间及z′与z″之间的数值关系, 通过矩阵运算推导得到了挠曲矩阵,通过引入转换式φ= -z″得到了曲率挠度关系式, 讨论了几种常见边界条件下的曲率挠度关系, 提出了曲率复杂分布情况下结构挠度计算的有限积分方法.     

具有重频特性系统的动力响应分析

一般有阻尼线性系统出现重特征值时,基于振型正交性的复振型分解法将不再适用.本文综合运用高等数学、线性代数和复变函数理论,对具有重频特性的一般有阻尼线性多自由度系统给出了系统动力响应在时域中的计算方法.该方法充分利用复振型分解法和留数矩阵解耦法的优点,不仅概念清晰,而且易于理解和掌握,适合于大型复杂系统的动力响应分析.此外,本文给出了双自由度体系产生重特征值的条件,对典型实例进行了地震响应分析,并通过与Newmark-β法计算结果的对比,论证了文中所给计算公式的正确性.本文提出的分析方法具有普适性,对线性结构、机电和控制系统也都是适用的.     

复合夹层梁瞬态响应的谱有限元法

采用谱有限元法进行复合夹层梁的瞬态响应分析．该方法基于复合夹层梁的六阶运动微分方程,以其波动解作为动力位移形函数,根据标准有限元策略来构建复合夹层梁的动刚度矩阵．在频域内,夹心粘弹性材料的频率相关性采用复模量模型来模拟,进而利用快速傅立叶变换技术(FFT),得到时域内复合夹层梁的瞬态响应分析结果．最后以两端固支夹层梁为例,对其进行了矩形脉冲荷载下的动力响应分析,并与通用有限元程序NASTRAN的计算结果进行了对比,两者吻合良好．     

新型p型板单元及其在结构振动分析中的应用

利用Legendre正交多项式作为形函数基底函数,开发了两种新型的通用p型板单元.单元矩阵的解析积分保证了p型有限单元解的精确性及单调收敛性,计算实例表明所开发的p型有限单元计算结果随基底函数中附加项数量的增加而快速收敛,且它们的计算精度远高于一般线性单元.另外,p型板单元不使用缩减积分也能分析薄板的振动问题,利用它们收敛率高的特点,分析了结构破坏的时频特性.p型有限单元仿真结果与实测结果良好的吻合证明了它们用于结构振动响应分析的有效性.     

一维格子结构动力分析的传递矩阵法

本文将传递矩阵法推广应用于分析一维格子结构的波传播和动力响应特性。一个格子结构的元件可分为主元件和次元件,传递矩阵沿主元件形成并考虑次元件的作用。文中通过例子说明形成一个周期单元传递矩阵的方法,指出利用传递矩阵计算无限或半无限长格子结构波传播的传播常数及有限长格子结构固有频率和频率响应函数的方法。作为数例,文中计算了一维平面格子结构的传播常数和频率响应函数。     

A Numerical Method to Material and Geometric Nonlinear Analysis of Cable Structures

In this article, a numerical method is presented for computing the stiffness matrix and compatibility relations of cables under uniform distributed loads on any direction. Both the geometrical and material nonlinearities, including softening and yielding of material, are taken into account and the catenary cable element with gauss integration scheme is employed. The proposed formulation includes the effect of uniform distributed loads on any direction and 3D nodal forces to assess the geometric and possible material nonlinearity of cables. The derived equations are then applied to the analysis of cable structures. The accuracy of the responses obtained by the proposed method is evaluated by several benchmark solutions available in the literature. Results of numerical examples indicate the capability of the proposed stiffness matrix in prediction of the elastic and inelastic responses of cables. The proposed formulation is therefore recommended for cable elements to be used in the analysis of cable structures.     

Bifurcations and chaotic dynamics in suspended cables under simultaneous parametric and external excitations

The bifurcations and chaotic dynamics of parametrically and externally excited suspended cables are investigated in this paper. The equations of motion governing such systems contain quadratic and cubic nonlinearities, which may result in two-to-one and one-to-one internal resonances. The Galerkin procedure is introduced to simplify the governing equations of motion to ordinary differential equations with two-degree-of-freedom. The case of one-to-one internal resonance between the modes of suspended cables, primary resonant excitation, and principal parametric excitation of suspended cables is considered. Using the method of multiple scales, a parametrically and externally excited system is transformed to the averaged equations. A pseudo arclength scheme is used to trace the branches of the equilibrium solutions and an investigation of the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix is used to assess their stability. The equilibrium solutions experience pitchfork, saddle-node, and Hopf bifurcations. A detailed bifurcation analysis of the dynamic (periodic and chaotic) solutions of the averaged equations is presented. Five branches of dynamic solutions are found. Three of these branches that emerge from two Hopf bifurcations and the other two are isolated. The two Hopf bifurcation points, one is supercritical Hopf bifurcation point and another is primary Hopf bifurcation point. The limit cycles undergo symmetry-breaking, cyclic-fold, and period-doubling bifurcations, whereas the chaotic attractors undergo attractor-merging, boundary crises. Simultaneous occurrence of the limit cycle and chaotic attractors, homoclinic orbits, homoclinic explosions and hyperchaos are also observed.     

Elastic cables–rigid body coupled dynamics: asymptotic modeling and analysis

An elastic cables–rigid body coupled model is proposed for investigating dynamic interactions between cables’ nonlinear transversal vibrations and boundary tower’s torsional dynamics, arising in large transmission line–tower systems and suspended cable–bridge tower systems. By introducing a weak torsion assumption and a large moment of inertia for the tower, an asymptotic expansion of cables–tower coupled dynamics is conducted in a weakly nonlinear framework, and a cables–tower reduced coupled model is eventually established. After model’s validations using direct numerical simulations, two distinct kinds of coupled dynamics are fully investigated. The first is that an external torque is applied to the tower and the two cables would both be indirectly excited, asymmetrically, by the torsional/oscillating tower. The two cables’ responses are the same in this case. The second is that only one of the two cables, i.e., the leader cable, is directly excited, and the other cable, i.e., the follower one, is only indirectly excited through cables–tower dynamic interactions. In such kind of leader–follower dynamics, the leader cable is quite different from the follower one. Nonlinear coupled frequency response diagrams for both systems are constructed using numerical continuation algorithms, mainly focused on the coupled steady solutions’ stabilities and bifurcations. Furthermore, the dynamic effects of tower’s moment of inertia, wing span and damping are thoroughly investigated.

     

Large Amplitude Three-Dimensional Free Vibrations of Inclined Sagged Elastic Cables

The nonlinear characteristics in the large amplitude three-dimensionalfree vibrations of inclined sagged elastic cables are investigated. Amodel formulation which is not limited to cables having smallsag-to-span ratios and takes into account the axial deformation effectis considered. Based on a multi-degree-of-freedom cable model, a finitedifference discretization is employed within a numerical solution of thegoverning equations of three-dimensional coupled motion. Variousnumerical examples of arbitrarily inclined sagged cables with initialout-of-plane or in-plane motions are carried out for the case of aspecified end tension. The major findings consist of highlighting theextent of two-and three-dimensional nonlinear couplings, the occurrenceof nonlinear dynamic tensions, and the meaningfulness of modaltransition phenomena ensuing from the activation of various internalresonance conditions. The influence of cable inclination on thenonlinear dynamic behavior is also evaluated. Comprehensive discussionand comparison of large amplitude free vibrations of horizontal andinclined sagged cables are presented.     

按叠加于静态悬垂位形上小变形理论分析索的微幅振动

采用叠加于初应力位形上小变形问题的理论框架,分析叠加于索的静态悬垂位形上的微幅振动;给出了附加于静态位形上微幅振动的微分方程。在小拉伸柔度和附加于静态悬垂位形上的变形为微小变形的条件下,利用解析方法得出了悬垂面外与面内的微幅振动无耦合、悬垂面内竖向振动和水平振动可以解耦算出的结论。算例将微分方程的数值解法与ABAQUS有限元算法的计算结果进行了比较,误差小于4％,且前种算法得到的计算结果随时间衰减较快,计算精度和效率较高。     

On a pure complementary energy principle and a force-based finite element formulation for non-linear elastic cables

A complementary-dual force-based finite element formulation is proposed for the geometrically exact quasi-static analysis of one-dimensional hyperelastic perfectly flexible cables lying in the two-dimensional space. This formulation employs as approximate functions the exact statically admissible force fields, i.e., those that satisfy the equilibrium differential equations in strong form, as well as the equilibrium boundary conditions. The formulation relies on a principle of total complementary energy only expressed in terms of force fields, being therefore called a pure principle. Under the assumption of stress-unilateral behavior, this principle can be regarded as being dual to the principle of minimum total potential energy, corresponding therefore to a maximum principle. Some numerical applications, including cables suspended from two and three points at the same level or at different levels, with both Hookean and Neo-Hookean material behaviors, are presented. As it will be shown, in contrast to the standard two-node displacement-based formulation derived from the principle of minimum total potential energy, the proposed dual force-based formulation is capable of providing the exact solution of a given problem only using a single finite element per cable. Both the proposed principle of pure complementary energy and its corresponding force-based finite element formulation can be easily extended to the case of cables lying in the three-dimensional space.     

The dynamic responses of cylindrical shells including geometric and material nonlinearities

The methods of finite-element analysis are applied to the problem of large deflection elastic-plastic dynamic responses of cylindrical shells to transient loading. Assumeddisplacement quadrilateral finite-elements of a cylindrical panel are used to idealize the cylindrical shell structure. The formulation is based upon the Principle of Virtual Work and D'Alembert's Principle. A direct numerical integration procedure is employed to solve the resulting equations of motion timewise. The present predicted dynamic responses of an explosively-loaded clamped cylindrical panel are compared with other independent predictions and with experimentally measured responses; very good agreement is observed.     

A consistent eulerian formulation of large deformation problems in statics and dynamics

A concise survey of formulation methods of geometric and material non-linearity problems is given. The survey is concerned mainly with the differences between updated Lagrangian and Eulerian formulations, and with the specific nature and basic characteristics of each. The underlying mechanics and the spatial discretisation for an Eulerian formulation are discussed. An Eulerian formulation with the final equilibrium equations suitable for static and/or dynamic structural analysis is presented. Explicit forms for stiffness matrices and load vectors are given. Differences between the present formulation, the existing Lagrangian formulation, the updated Langrangian formulation and other attempted Eulerian formulations are discussed within the framework of a consistent classification of formulation methods.     

Nonlinear oscillations of suspended cables containing a two-to-one internal resonance

The near-resonant response of suspended, elastic cables driven by planar excitation is investigated using a two degree-of-fredom model. The model captures the interaction of a symmetric in-plane mode and an out-of-plane mode with near commensurable natural frequencies in a 2:1 ratio. The modes are coupled through quadratic and cubic nonlinearities arising from nonlinear cable stretching. The existence and stability of periodic solutions are investigated using a second order perturbation analysis. The first order analysis shows that suspended cables may exhibit saturation and jump phenomena. The second order analysis, however, reveals that the cubic nonlinearities and higher order corrections disrupt saturation. The stable, steady state solutions for the second order analysis compare favorably with results obtained by numerically integrating the equations of motion.