非节点连接有限元及其在加筋结构中的应用

针对现有加筋结构有限元模型的不足,提出了自由度层次的非节点连接方法.加筋单元的各节点可位于一个或多个其它单元内部,内节点的自由度无需全部与母单元的位移场一致;通过在节点坐标系下对内节点设置独立自由度,可模拟加筋构件与基体材料之间的粘结滑移、无粘结和体外布置等位移不连续性.节点为内节点的单元的刚度矩阵和荷载向量利用虚功原理变换到对应于其广义自由度向量的形式,按照广义自由度的位置向结构整体刚度矩阵和荷载向量组装,以此实现单元问非节点位置的连接.利用开发的有限元软件计算了多个算例,验证了非节点连接方法用于加筋结构有限元建模的正确性和便利性.     

弹塑性有限元分析的拟线性法

本文在理论分析的基础上,建立了弹塑性有限元分析的拟线性法.这种方法可用于解算理想弹塑性材料、强化和软化材料的弹塑性问题.计算时可只采用一个弹性刚度矩阵.选用了三个算例以说明本法的计算精度.     

弹塑性大变形分析的一致性高阶无单元伽辽金法

采用无单元伽辽金法求解弹塑性大变形问题。充分利用无单元法易于建立高阶近似函数的优点,位移采用二阶移动最小二乘近似。在更新拉格朗日方法的框架下,通过对控制方程弱形式的线性化建立了内力率的表达式,并区分为材料和几何两部分。采用Hughes-Winget算法更新应力,建立了Newton-Raphson迭代求解所需的一致切线刚度阵。刚度阵的数值积分采用近来针对小变形分析建立的二阶一致三点积分格式QC3(Quadratically Consistent 3-point integration scheme)。数值结果证明了本文方法分析弹塑性大变形问题的有效性和优越性。     

弹塑性大变形分析的一致性高阶无单元伽辽金法

采用无单元伽辽金法求解弹塑性大变形问题。充分利用无单元法易于建立高阶近似函数的优点，位移采用二阶移动最小二乘近似。在更新拉格朗日方法的框架下，通过对控制方程弱形式的线性化建立了内力率的表达式，并区分为材料和几何两部分。采用Hughes-Winget算法更新应力，建立了Newton-Raphson迭代求解所需的一致切线刚度阵。刚度阵的数值积分采用近来针对小变形分析建立的二阶一致三点积分格式QC3（Quadratically Consistent 3-point integration scheme）。数值结果证明了本文方法分析弹塑性大变形问题的有效性和优越性。     

火灾下钢筋混凝土板的热弹塑性有限元分析——基于S-R分解原理(Ⅰ:理论)

火灾试验研究表明,火灾下钢筋混凝土受弯构件的变形非常大,转动也很大,尤其是单面受火的板.基于S-R分解原理的更新拖带坐标有限元法分析这类构件,有利于跟踪变形物体中各点的变化,保证单元的质量守恒.用有限元增量法求解,还可以避免对坐标的修正,而且将转动作为一个独立的自由度,提高了求解效率,特别适合于几何非线性、材料非线性问题的求解.本文采用此方法对火灾下钢筋混凝土板进行编程分析.同时,为克服在时间步内温度路径难于确定的问题,本文给出了平面应力状态下的混凝土热弹塑性积分方案的初值表达式.通过实际编程发现,该方法求解效率高,精度也比较好.     

弹性与弹塑性问题的有限元与边界元耦合解法

本文提出了一种新的弹性与弹塑性问题的对称耦合解法。根据分区广义变分原理,直接导出问题的求解方程式。通过典型算例,验证了该方法的有效性,本文建议的方法与超单元形式的耦合法相比,在理论上比较直接,在计算上更为经济。     

基于PANDA框架的非线性静力学有限元并行计算程序设计和初步验证

本文介绍了基于PANDA框架开发非线性静力学并行计算程序的初步成果.程序设计重点关注单元类型、材料模型和非线性并行求解策略,初步形成了可求解小应变、有限应变线弹性和弹塑性静力学问题的非线性静力学程序.典型算例和某离心机结构的分析初步验证了该程序的千万自由度规模弹塑性静力学高效并行计算能力及计算精度.     

广义有限元方法研究进展

广义有限元方法是常规有限元方法在思想上的延伸,它基于单位分解方法,通过在结点处引入广义自由度,对结点自由度进行再次插值,从而提高有限元方法的逼近精度,或满足对特定问题的特殊逼近要求.基于广义有限元方法对单元形状函数构造理论的深入研究,具有任意内部特征(空洞、夹杂、裂纹等)及外部特征(凹角、角点、棱边等)的复杂问题,都将在简单、且与区域无关的有限元网格上加以求解.本文主要介绍广义有限元方法的基本思想、主要特征及对重要细节的处理策略,包括线性相关性的处理、局部逼近函数的获取、区域上的数值积分技术以及边界条件的处理.与扩展有限元方法和有限覆盖方法比较,分析它们各自的特点.综述广义有限元方法的研究现状、应用,展望广义有限元方法的未来发展.     

平面广义四节点等参元GQ4及其性能探讨

广义节点有限元是将传统有限元方法中的节点广义化,在不增加节点个数的前提下,仅通过提高广义节点的插值函数的阶次,从而达到提高有限元解精度的目的.与现有的p型和hp型有限元不同,在这种新的有限元中,节点自由度全部定义在节点处,在理论与程序实现上与传统有限元方法具有很好的相容性,传统有限元方法是这种新方法的广义节点退化为0阶时的特殊情形.文中主要讨论了这一新方法的四节点等参元（记为GQ4）的形式.对GQ4进行的各种数值试验表明,所发展的广义四节点等参单元具有精度高且无剪切自锁与体积自锁等的特点.     

弹性与弹塑性问题的有限元与边界元耦合解法

本文提出了一种新的弹性与弹塑性问题的对称耦合解法，根据分区广义变分原理，直接导出问题的求解方程式。通过典型算例，验证了该方法的有效性，本文建议的方法怀超单元形式的耦合法相比，在理论上比较直接，在计算上更为经济。     

Isogeometric analysis of free-form Timoshenko curved beams including the nonlinear effects of large deformations

In the present paper, the isogeometric analysis (IGA) of free-form planar curved beams is formulated based on the nonlinear Timoshenko beam theory to investigate the large deformation of beams with variable curvature. Based on the isoparametric concept, the shape functions of the field variables (displacement and rotation) in a finite element analysis are considered to be the same as the non-uniform rational basis spline (NURBS) basis functions defining the geometry. The validity of the presented formulation is tested in five case studies covering a wide range of engineering curved structures including from straight and constant curvature to variable curvature beams. The nonlinear deformation results obtained by the presented method are compared to well-established benchmark examples and also compared to the results of linear and nonlinear finite element analyses. As the nonlinear load-deflection behavior of Timoshenko beams is the main topic of this article, the results strongly show the applicability of the IGA method to the large deformation analysis of free-form curved beams. Finally, it is interesting to notice that, until very recently, the large deformations analysis of free-form Timoshenko curved beams has not been considered in IGA by researchers.     

Nonlinear thermo-elastic buckling characteristics of cross-ply laminated joined conical–cylindrical shells

Here, the nonlinear thermo-elastic buckling/post-buckling characteristics of laminated circular conical–cylindrical/conical–cylindrical–conical joined shells subjected to uniform temperature rise are studied employing semi-analytical finite element approach. The nonlinear governing equations, considering geometric nonlinearity based on von Karman’s assumption for moderately large deformation, are solved using Newton–Raphson iteration procedure coupled with displacement control method to trace the pre-buckling/post-buckling equilibrium path. The presence of asymmetric perturbation in the form of small magnitude load spatially proportional to the linear buckling mode shape is assumed to initiate the bifurcation of the shell deformation. The study is carried out to highlight the influences of semi-cone angle, material properties and number of circumferential waves on the nonlinear thermo-elastic response of the different joined shell systems.     

A nonlinear,transient finite element method for coupled solvent diffusion and large deformation of hydrogels

Hydrogels are capable of coupled mass transport and large deformation in response to external stimuli. In this paper, a nonlinear, transient finite element formulation is presented for initial boundary value problems associated with swelling and deformation of hydrogels, based on a nonlinear continuum theory that is consistent with classical theory of linear poroelasticity. A mixed finite element method is implemented with implicit time integration. The incompressible or nearly incompressible behavior at the initial stage imposes a constraint to the finite element discretization in order to satisfy the Ladyzhenskaya–Babuska–Brezzi (LBB) condition for stability of the mixed method, similar to linear poroelasticity as well as incompressible elasticity and Stokes flow; failure to choose an appropriate discretization would result in locking and numerical oscillations in transient analysis. To demonstrate the numerical method, two problems of practical interests are considered: constrained swelling and flat-punch indentation of hydrogel layers. Constrained swelling may lead to instantaneous surface instability for a soft hydrogel in a good solvent, which can be regulated by assuming a stiff surface layer. Indentation relaxation of hydrogels is simulated beyond the linear regime under plane strain conditions, in comparison with two elastic limits for the instantaneous and equilibrium states. The effects of Poisson’s ratio and loading rate are discussed. It is concluded that the present finite element method is robust and can be extended to study other transient phenomena in hydrogels.     

Nonlinear shell-type to beam-type fea simplifications for composite frp poles

This paper presents a semi-analytical finite element analysis of pole-type structures with circular hollow cross-section. Based on the principle of stationary potential energy and Novozhilov’s derivation of nonlinear strains, the formulations for the geometric nonlinear analysis of general shells are derived. The nonlinear shell-type analysis is then manipulated and simplified gradually into a beam-type analysis with special emphasis given on the relationships of shell-type to beam-type and nonlinear to linear analyses. Based on the theory of general shells and the finite element method, the approach presented herein is employed to analyze the ovalization of the cross-section, large displacements, the P-Δ effect as well as the overall buckling of pole-type structures. Illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability and the efficiency of the present technique to the large deformation of fiber-reinforced polymer composite poles accompanied with comparisons employing commercial finite element codes.     

一种单元谐波平衡法

基于有限元离散,对于工程中的非线性响应问题,提出一种单元谐波平衡法．与常规的谐波平衡法不同,本文将谐波平衡方程建立在有限元素上,从而兼顾了有限元素法和常规谐波平衡法两大优势．有限元技术的应用能使得求解问题的范围扩大到复杂工程结构,而谐波平衡概念的使用将使得含有复杂变形和复杂本构关系的动力学响应问题得到有效解决．所提方法能适用于工程结构中具有复杂非线性关系的动力学响应问题．由于谐波平衡法的实施依赖于谐波系数方程及其切线刚度矩阵的解析推导,尽管已经局限到有限元素上,但对于较为复杂一些的本构关系,推导仍非易事．为解决这些问题,放弃通常对于变形梯度和应变张量所作的向量假设,而是从连续介质力学中基本的几何关系入手,提出一种矩阵分解形式．通过利用张量的内蕴导数定义以及关于迹函数的有关性质,给出应力增量的一种新的表现形式．当它与变形梯度的矩阵分解相结合时,使得切线刚度矩阵的导出变得十分简单,而且所得计算形式也比通常紧凑和方便许多．     

NONLINEAR LARGE DEFORMATION BENDING PROPERTIES OF THE TRACHEA1)

研究了人工气管和生物气管拉伸和弯曲的力学性能及仿真方法。根据气管拉伸实验数据,拟合建立了人工气管的线弹性和生物气管的非线性幂函数本构模型,其与实验的最大误差为18.8%。根据非线性弯曲理论,建立了气管大变形的弯曲变形方程,并得到了其解析解,计算的弯曲载荷与实验的最大误差为8.7%。基于显式有限元法提出了气管弯曲变形的有限元仿真方法,犬气管的弯曲角度的有限元计算结果与实验的误差为3%。     

广义扩展有限元法及其在裂纹扩展分析中的应用

结合广义有限元法(GFEM)和扩展有限元法(XFEM)的特点,提出了一种新的数值方法——广义扩展有限元法(GXFEM)。阐述了广义扩展有限元法的基本原理,对相关公式进行推导,探讨数值实施中需注意的重要问题,给出利用广义扩展有限元法进行断裂分析时应力强度因子的计算方法,编写了广义扩展有限元法程序。通过算例进行了应力强度因子的计算,模拟了结构裂纹的扩展过程。算例结果表明,利用广义扩展有限元法计算裂纹扩展问题,不需要进行过密的网格划分,且网格在裂纹扩展后无需重新剖分,具有相当高的计算精度。     

THE PARAMETRIC VARATIONAL PRINCIPLE AND NON-LINEAR FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF ASTROMESH ANTENNA STRUCTURES

针对大型周边桁架式索网天线由拉索拉压模量不同引起的本构非线性和结构大变形引起的几何非线性问题,给出了基于参变量变分原理的几何非线性有限元方法. 首先针对含预应力索单元拉压模量不同分段描述的本构关系,通过引入参变量,导出了基于参变量及其互补方程的统一描述形式,避免了传统算法需要根据当前变形对索单元张紧/松弛状态的预测,提高了算法收敛性. 然后利用拉格朗日应变描述索网天线结构大变形问题,结合几何非线性有限元法,建立了基于参变量的非线性平衡方程和线性互补方程;并给出了牛顿-拉斐逊迭代法与莱姆算法相结合的求解算法. 数值算例验证了本文提出的算法比传统算法具有更稳定的收敛性和更高的求解精度,特别适合于大型索网天线结构的高精度变形分析和预测.     

索网天线的参变量变分及非线性有限元方法

针对大型周边桁架式索网天线由拉索拉压模量不同引起的本构非线性和结构大变形引起的几何非线性问题,给出了基于参变量变分原理的几何非线性有限元方法. 首先针对含预应力索单元拉压模量不同分段描述的本构关系,通过引入参变量,导出了基于参变量及其互补方程的统一描述形式,避免了传统算法需要根据当前变形对索单元张紧/松弛状态的预测,提高了算法收敛性. 然后利用拉格朗日应变描述索网天线结构大变形问题,结合几何非线性有限元法,建立了基于参变量的非线性平衡方程和线性互补方程;并给出了牛顿-拉斐逊迭代法与莱姆算法相结合的求解算法. 数值算例验证了本文提出的算法比传统算法具有更稳定的收敛性和更高的求解精度,特别适合于大型索网天线结构的高精度变形分析和预测.      

Modeling and simulation of the coupled mechanical-electrical response of soft solids

Dielectric elastomer (DE) is one type of electro-active polymers (EAP) that responds to electrical stimulation with a significant shape and size change. As EAPs, dielectric elastomers are lightweight, inexpensive, pliable and can be fabricated into various shapes, all of which are attractive properties to justify the intense research in the field. This paper presents a nonlinear, electrical and mechanical coupled, large deformation finite element formulation for DEAs. Maxwell’s equations for the electroquasistatic fields were solved simultaneously with equation of linear momentum. The hyperelastic Ogden model and total Maxwell stress method were combined to describe the material. The formulation was based on the weak forms of Maxwell’s equation and linear momentum expressed in the reference configuration. The closed form consistent tangent moduli for dielectric elastomers were derived. The results of the simulation compared with the experiments have demonstrated the validity of the method from the computational aspect.