参数不确定结构动态输出反馈重叠分散保性能控制方法

针对参数不确定建筑结构在地震激励下控制方法,采用重叠分散控制策略,提出了动态输出反馈的重叠分散保性能控制算法。基于包含原理,一个大尺度结构分为一组具有共同部分的成对子系统,使用保性能算法和线性矩阵不等式设计了子系统的控制器,然后利用收缩原理,形成原系统的控制器。利用提出的动态输出反馈重叠分散保性能控制方法,对20层Benchmark结构模型进行数值模拟分析,并与采用重叠分散LQG、状态反馈重叠分散、输出反馈集中保性能控制方法进行了分析对比。结果表明,提出控制算法能够降低地震激励下结构动力响应且保证了控制系统在结构参数摄动下的鲁棒性。     

建筑结构振动系统的多重叠分散静态输出反馈H_∞控制方法

采用分散控制方案能有效解决大尺度土木结构在地震作用下的结构振动控制问题。本文将静态输出反馈、重叠分散控制方法、线性矩阵不等式方法和H∞范数控制算法相结合,提出了多重叠分散静态输出反馈H∞控制方法。通过对状态矩阵添加一个微小的扰动,解决了在求解相应的线性矩阵不等式(LMI)时所遇到的计算困难问题。文中对20层Benchmark建筑结构模型进行数值模拟与计算。结果表明,部分输出反馈控制、重叠静态输出反馈控制和多重叠静态输出反馈控制均获得了与全状态集中控制相近的控制效果,减少了计算成本和控制器设计的复杂性。     

车辆主动悬架设计的约束H∞控制方法

针对线性离散时间系统,研究其时域硬约束下的H∞输出反馈控制问题。假定外界扰动能量有限,基于线性矩阵不等式处理方法,提出并证明了时域硬约束下H∞输出反馈控制器存在的充分条件,并应用于车辆主动悬架设计。四分之一车辆模型数值仿真结果表明,即使车辆模型参数存在不确定性,本文提出的控制器在提高车辆乘坐舒适性的同时,仍能很好地兼顾车辆的其他性能要求。     

基于微分包含镇定的固体运载火箭上升段轨迹跟踪

针对传统固体运载火箭（SLV）上升段轨迹跟踪方法无法适应大范围参数不确定性的问题,提出一种基于微分包含镇定的上升段轨迹跟踪控制器。首先,将不确定性与动力学方程相结合,建立关于状态偏差的微分包含系统;其次,设计一种基于线性矩阵不等式（LMI）的状态反馈律,对微分包含系统中的多胞体部分进行镇定,用以解决大范围参数不确定性问题;然后,将攻角和侧滑角的修正量幅值约束转化为线性矩阵不等式进行求解;最后,对微分包含系统中的扰动部分设计自适应律进行估计,结合状态反馈律与控制量约束,构造微分包含自适应饱和跟踪控制器。仿真结果表明,在给定的参数不确定性范围内,终端状态偏差收敛且满足终端精度。与基于扩张状态观测器的跟踪控制器相比,所提出的控制器拓宽了不确定性的适用边界。     

具有区域极点约束的柔性梁鲁棒H∞振动主动控制

本文基于H∞控制理论研究了传感器和作动器非同位配置情况下,柔性悬臂梁的多模态振动抑制问题。采用频域辨识方法获取低阶名义模型,合理选取加性不确定权函数和性能权函数,将鲁棒H∞控制问题转化为标准H∞控制问题。为了避免H∞控制器设计过程中产生的零极点对消问题,在求解过程中引入区域极点约束。比较了鲁棒H∞控制器和不考虑高阶未建模动态的非鲁棒H∞控制器的控制效果,实验结果表明,设计的鲁棒H∞控制器能够有效抑制柔性梁的前三阶模态振动,而且不会发生溢出问题。     

含时滞的参数不确定主动悬架离散系统鲁棒控制

针对主动悬架存在传输时滞和参数不确定性的控制问题，设计了含时滞的参数不确定鲁棒控制器。首先，运用线性分式变换方法推导出含时滞的参数不确定主动悬架状态空间方程，采用零阶保持器取值处理和双线性变换，建立主动悬架离散控制系统模型。其次，以车身垂向加速度为车辆悬架系统的最优化输出目标，采用Lyapunov泛函方法，推导出系统渐进稳定的鲁棒控制器充分条件，得到满足最优H_∞性能指标约束的反馈控制律，再通过求解线性矩阵不等式获得控制器参数。最后，进行数值算例仿真，结果表明，相较于只考虑时滞的控制器，含时滞的参数不确定鲁棒控制器具有更好的控制效果和鲁棒性，且受采样周期与不确定参数的耦合影响较小。     

智能梁结构鲁棒PID控制及其时滞稳定性分析

研究了智能梁结构振动的鲁棒PID控制器的设计问题,考虑结构模态阻尼比及模态频率的不确定性,同时结合PID控制、保成本控制和H∞控制的优点,提出了一种鲁棒PID控制的设计方法,将PID控制器的参数整定问题转化为线性矩阵不等式凸优化问题的求解.考虑到实际系统中存在的时滞因素,对设计出的鲁棒PID控制系统进行了时滞稳定性分析,得出了使系统稳定的最大时滞量.最后,给出的数值算例说明了文中方法的可行性和有效性.     

非线性建筑结构振动控制研究

为了反映建筑结构的非线性特征,本文引入了bouc-wen模型.由于所采用的非线性模型很难降阶,同时考虑到直接对模型进行控制器设计也很难,为此,本文提出了一种基于能量的新的振动主动控制策略.该方法是通过比较允许能量与实际能量来确定结构控制力的大小,而其方向是通过对能量求导确定.由于不需要求解线性矩阵不等式,所以计算简单,操作方便.并且当采用同样容量限的多个作动器时,控制输出力一致,从而避免设计多个控制系统,简化了控制器设计.此外,由于采用阶跃控制,控制系统便于实现.最后,以八层建筑物为例来说明本文方法的可行性.     

压电智能板结构的H∞振动控制

研究了压电智能板结构的H∞振动控制问题。先采用4节点矩形弯曲薄板单元(含12个位移自由度,2个电自由度)的有限元模型,利用Ham ilton原理得到了智能板结构的运动微分方程,然后综合运用模态截断法、最小实现法和平衡降阶法,对压电智能板结构的系统状态方程进行了降阶处理,得到了可观可控且低阶的近似状态方程,针对该降阶后的系统,利用H∞控制理论求解出能抑制干扰的动态输出反馈控制器,并将该控制器作用到降阶处理前的原系统中,从而能实现原系统抗干扰的振动控制。最后,以智能悬臂薄板结构为例,讨论了降阶过程中出现的一些问题和结论,并求出了相应的动态输出反馈控制器。仿真结果表明,文中的方法可实现压电智能板结构对干扰的抑制。     

基于改进遗传算法主动柔性结构压电元件位置优化

基于改进的遗传算法提出了一种解决多压电片布置在柔性结构上以实现振动主动控制的有效方法.本文采用D优化设计准则,即把Fisher信息矩阵行列式最大值作为目标函数的一种优化方法.通过对结构模态振型和动力特性的研究,使用一种简单的方法将所选择的低阶模态振型转化为归一化形式,最后通过结构模态振型可确定压电片最优位置.为了达到更好的振动控制效果,压电片布置在结构模态应变最大位置处.当在结构不同位置上布置压电片时,结构各阶模态振型也将随之发生不同程度的变化.本文建立了ANSYS软件和遗传算法的接口来实现对结构的模态重分析,从而提取各阶模态振型.     

Construction of approximate analytical solutions to strongly nonlinear damped oscillators

An analytical approximate method for strongly nonlinear damped oscillators is proposed. By introducing phase and amplitude of oscillation as well as a bookkeeping parameter, we rewrite the governing equation into a partial differential equation with solution being a periodic function of the phase. Based on combination of the Newton’s method with the harmonic balance method, the partial differential equation is transformed into a set of linear ordinary differential equations in terms of harmonic coefficients, which can further be converted into systems of linear algebraic equations by using the bookkeeping parameter expansion. Only a few iterations can provide very accurate approximate analytical solutions even if the nonlinearity and damping are significant. The method can be applied to general oscillators with odd nonlinearities as well as even ones even without linear restoring force. Three examples are presented to illustrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

RESEARCH OF VISCO-ELASTIC TYPE Ⅱ RUPTURE WITH EXCITING AND ATTENUATION PROCESS

With non-linear Rayleigh damping formula we describe the exciting process when the rupture velocity is low and the attenuation process when the rupture velocity reaches a certain high value. Assuming the medium of the earth crust is homogeneous and isotropic linear Voigt viscoelastic body, with small parameter perturbation method to deduce the non-linear governing partial differential equations into a system of asymptotic linear ones, we solve them by means of generalized fourier series with moving coordinates as its variables, thus transform them into non-homogeneous mathieu equations. At last Mathieu equations are solved by WKBJ method.     

Analytical rheology of blends of linear and star polymers using a Bayesian formulation

A Bayesian data analysis technique is presented as a general tool for inverting linear viscoelastic models of branched polymers. The proposed method takes rheological data of an unknown polymer sample as input and provides a distribution of compositions and structures consistent with the rheology, as its output. It does so by converting the inverse problem of analytical rheology into a sampling problem, using the idea of Bayesian inference. A Markov chain Monte Carlo method with delayed rejection is proposed to sample the resulting posterior distribution. As an example, the method is applied to pure linear and star polymers and linear–linear, star–star, and star–linear blends. It is able to (a) discriminate between pure and blend systems, (b) accurately predict the composition of the mixtures, in the absence of degenerate solutions, and (c) describe multiple solutions, when more than one possible combination of constituents is consistent with the rheology.     

An efficient algorithm for elasto-viscoplastic vibrations of multi-layered composite beams using second-order theory

An efficient time-domain algorithm for plane non-linear flexural vibrations of multi-layered composite beams, which are driven into the inelastic range by severe transverse loadings, is presented. The influence of an axial static preload is considered in the sense of the quasi-linear second-order theory of structures. The inelastic parts of strain are treated as additional sources of selfstress in the linear elastic background-structure, driving the elastic response into the inelastic one. The efficiency of this exact formulation lies in the fact that linear solution techniques can be used in their most powerful form: Rubin's useful formulation for the quasi-static second-order transfer-matrix of linear elastic structures is applied in combination with modal analysis. Having in mind multi-metal beams, the classical lamination theory is assumed to be valid. Beams with overhang composed of ideal elastic-plastic and viscoplastic layers are studied as example structures. The fictitious sources of selfstress are calculated from the different material laws of the layers in a numerical time-stepping procedure, where a generalized midpoint-rule in combination with Crisfield's secant-Newton procedure is used.     

Identification of symmetry type of linear elastic stiffness tensor in an arbitrarily orientated coordinate system

We develop a method through the mirror plane (MP) to identify the symmetry type of linear elastic stiffness tensor whose components are given with respect to an arbitrarily oriented coordinate system. The method is based on the irreducible decomposition of high-order tensor into a set of deviators and the multipole representation of a deviator into a scalar and a unit-vector set. Since a unit-vector depends on two Euler angles, we can illustrate the MP normals of the elastic tensor as zeros of a characteristic function on a unit disk and identify its symmetry immediately, which is clearer and simpler than the methods proposed before. Furthermore, by finding the common MPs of three unit-vector sets using Fortran recipes, we can also analytically recognize the symmetry type first and then recover the natural coordinate system associated with the linear elastic tensor. The structures of linear elastic stiffness tensors of real materials with all possible anisotropies are investigated in detail.     

求解线性方程组的一种新方法

将线性方程组的一般系数矩阵转化为对称正定矩阵，从而把原线性方程组的求解问题转化为一个等价变分问题的极少值点寻优问题，借助对分寻优法进行求解。算例结果表明，本文方法不仅对于良态线性方程组的求解问题是有效的，而且对于病态线性方程组的求解问题同样是有效的。     

Multi-modal approach for large natural flexural vibrations of thermally stressed plates

By means of Berger's approximation, suitable for plates with immovable edges, the geometrically nonlinear problem is considerably simplified. Thermally loaded plates with polygonal planform under hard-hinged support conditions are considered, taking into account the effect of shear in transverse isotropy. The class of symmetric vibrations about the flat plate position is represented by a homogeneous and coupled set of Duffing-oscillators as a result of a multi-mode expansion. A unifying non-dimensional closed-form solution for the corresponding nonlinear natural vibration periods is given, which is independent of the special planform. The individual shape of the plate enters the transformation into real time through the linear natural frequencies, or, equivalently, through the linear eigen-values of an effectively prestressed membrane of the same planform.     

Linear and non‐linear stability analysis for finite difference discretizations of high‐order Boussinesq equations

This paper considers a method of lines stability analysis for finite difference discretizations of a recently published Boussinesq method for the study of highly non‐linear and extremely dispersive water waves. The analysis demonstrates the near‐equivalence of classical linear Fourier (von Neumann) techniques with matrix‐based methods for formulations in both one and two horizontal dimensions. The matrix‐based method is also extended to show the local de‐stabilizing effects of the non‐linear terms, as well as the stabilizing effects of numerical dissipation. A comparison of the relative stability of rotational and irrotational formulations in two horizontal dimensions provides evidence that the irrotational formulation has significantly better stability properties when the deep‐water non‐linearity is high, particularly on refined grids. Computation of matrix pseudospectra shows that the system is only moderately non‐normal, suggesting that the eigenvalues are likely suitable for analysis purposes. Numerical experiments demonstrate excellent agreement with the linear analysis, and good qualitative agreement with the local non‐linear analysis. The various methods of analysis combine to provide significant insight into the numerical behaviour of this rather complicated system of non‐linear PDEs. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑性态约束时多工况桁架结构拓扑优化设计

本文提出了一种适用于桁架结构的拓扑优化设计方法。它以杆内力为设计变量,以结构重量为目标函数。该方法的主要特点是:第一,通过引入杆内力为设计变量,既克服了已有方法要求预定位移场这一主要困难,又为在拓扑优化过程中考虑应力、位移等性态约束创造了条件;第二,将多工况的拓扑优化问题描述为一个非光滑的数学规划问题,再通过一个变量代换将其转化为一般的规划为题,进而将原问题的求解又转化为几个线性规划问题的求解;第三,基于结构力学的三个基本方程,将位移与应力约束提成为线性不等式约束,这些约束同重量的目标函数一起构成了拓扑优化设计的线性规划模型。最后,将本方法应用于几个工程算例,得到了满意的数值计算结果。     

Vibration of fluid-conveying pipe with nonlinear supports at both ends

The axial fluid-induced vibration of pipes is very widespread in engineering applications. The nonlinear forced vibration of a viscoelastic fluid-conveying pipe with nonlinear supports at both ends is investigated. The multi-scale method combined with the modal revision method is formulated for the fluid-conveying pipe system with nonlinear boundary conditions. The governing equations and the nonlinear boundary conditions are rescaled simultaneously as linear inhomogeneous equations and linear inhomogeneous boundary conditions on different time-scales. The modal revision method is used to transform the linear inhomogeneous boundary problem into a linear homogeneous boundary problem. The differential quadrature element method (DQEM) is used to verify the approximate analytical results. The results show good agreement between these two methods. A detailed analysis of the boundary nonlinearity is also presented. The obtained results demonstrate that the boundary nonlinearities have a significant effect on the dynamic characteristics of the fluid-conveying pipe, and can lead to significant differences in the dynamic responses of the pipe system.