两相介质中火焰诱导激波现象的研究

基于双流体模型，采用跟踪法处理火焰内边界，ＴＶＤ格式计算气相激波，ＭａｃＣｏ－ｍａｃｋ格式计算颗粒相流场，对两相可燃介质中火焰诱导激波现象进行了理论分析与实验模拟，研究了颗粒相参数对火焰诱导激波现象的影响。     

粉尘气体中的球激波

取稀颗粒群下气固两相耦合的双流体简化模型，采用高解ＧＲＰ方法和全二阶精度的ＭａｃＣｏｒｍａｃｋ格式，数值模拟了球形激波在隋性粉尘气体四种不同初始分布下的传播，得到较纯气体下波后流场更加复杂的变化特性及精度高、无数值振荡、间断解锐利的流场结构。     

一种改进混合迎风格式在翼型流场激波捕捉中的应用

波阻是飞行器超音速飞行的关键设计因素,精确捕捉激波在流场中的位置,是数值模拟含激波流场和精确计算波阻的一个重要研究内容.本文基于网格节点有限体积空间离散方法,采用AUSM格式与FVS格式的混合格式(MAUSM方法)计算对流通量,从而抑制在数值模拟流场出现的激波处振荡和过冲现象,确保AUSM准确捕获接触间断的特性和FVS格式捕捉激波的能力.本文使用MAUSM方法分别计算了在跨声速和超声速条件下的NACA0012翼型流场,并与中心差分格式的计算结果进行比较.结果表明,对于存在激波的翼型流场,MAUSM方法是有效的.     

数值研究激波与旋涡的相互作用

从非定常形式的Euler方程出发,数值模拟了运动激波与旋涡相互作用的非定常流动过程。为保证激波具有较高的分辨率,采用对称型TVD格式进行了数值计算。结果表明。这样可以有效地模拟流场中一些复杂的流动现象,如激波变形、激波分叉和三波点的形成,以及旋涡结构的变化过程等,并与已有的实验流动显示相符良好。同时,也是对TVD格式求解这类问题的一次初步尝试。     

激波点燃粉尘的数值模拟研究

建立了用于模拟入射激波后可燃粉尘颗粒点火的一维非定常两相化学反应流模型，该模型考虑了气固两相间的相互作用、粉尘颗粒的加速、加热和化学反应。粉尘颗粒着火前的化学反应用发生在颗粒外表面和内孔表面的非均相反应描述，颗粒内部的温度变化用一含有化学反应源项的非稳态热传导方程来描述，以颗粒外表面温度的突跃上升作为可燃粉尘颗粒点燃的着火条件。我们用该模型和ＰＳＩＣ方法，对由中等强度激波从纯气相传入煤粉－氧气混合物而引起的非定常两相流动现象，包括气固两相间的相互作用、粉尘颗粒的加速、加热以及点火过程进行了数值研究，计算了对应于不同载荷比、马赫数为４～５的入射激波后煤尘颗粒的点火延迟时间，分析了由于可燃粉尘颗粒的存在，入射激波及波后气固两相流动参数的变化规律。数值计算结果与实验数据符合较好。文中建立的模型和所用的基于ＰＳＩＣ算法的数值方法，用最自然的方式描述气固两相流动，即用连续流模型（欧拉方程）描述输运相（气相）的流动，用轨道颗粒模型（拉格朗日方程）描述分散相（颗粒相）的运动。用这种方法模拟含尘介质中激波后颗粒的点火是很有效的，它可以清楚地确定哪一个颗粒群最先着火，它的初始位置以及在整个点火延迟时间内     

激波绕半菱形柱体运动的实验研究和数值模拟

激波绕过半菱形柱体流场是十分复杂的,本文用实验方法和数值模拟对该问题作了系统研究。实验是在UTIAS激波管上进行的,数值模拟采用2阶精度Godunow格式,最后实验结果和数值模拟作了比较。     

含灰气体激波管侧壁层流边界层流动特征

水文采用数值方法求解含灰气体激波管中侧壁层流边界层,揭示了这类流动中呈现的三个特征不同的区域.为了研究两相边界层的发展,本文构造了一个包括六点和四点格式的隐式有限差分程序,引进了适当描述气固两相间相互作用的非斯托克斯关系,并分别给出了气体和粒子的速度与温度剖面。此外,文中还讨论了激波管压力比、粒子载荷比和粒子尺寸对侧壁边界层流动特性的影响。     

抽吸激波管的性能分析与计算

为了减小由于反射激波和透射激波分叉引起的反射型激波风洞试验气体提前受到污染的现象,本文研究了一种新的具有抽吸的激波管流动,分析了抽吸缝的作用,给出了这种抽吸激波管性能参数的计算方法,同时还给出了反射激波与边界层相互作用引起的激波分叉的形状随抽吸量变化的计算公式。实验证实了边界层抽吸可以有效地减小激波与壁面边界层相互作用所产生的分离现象。计算与测量结果是一致的。     

收敛柱激波在粉尘气体中的传播

取稀颗粒群气固两相耦合的双流体简化模型，采用高解数值方法研究了收敛柱激波在粉尘气体中的传播和波后流场特性。通过与纯气体情况比较，揭示了固体颗粒出现对收敛柱激波传播特性的影响。     

环形激波绕射, 反射和聚焦的数值模拟研究

应用频散可控耗散格式对环形激波在圆柱形激波管内绕射、反射和聚焦的问题进行了数值模拟研究，研究结果表明环形激波形成强烈聚焦的关键因素是环形激波在圆柱形管道中向对称轴运动时，绕射激波就不断加速而不作通常情况下的衰减；不同马赫数的环形激波绕射也产生不同马赫数及形状的准柱形激波，导致聚焦效果和位置的差异；另外，环形激波聚焦于一个点而圆柱形激波聚焦于一条线，两者有本质不同。     

Boundary layer flows behind constant speed shock waves moving into a dusty gas

Laminar boundary layer flows behind constant speed shock waves moving into a dusty gas are analyzed numerically. The basic equations of two-phase flows are derived in shock fixed coordinates and solved by an implicit finite-difference method for the side wall boundary layer in a dusty gas shock tube. The development of the boundary layer and resulting velocity and temperature profiles, respectively, for the gas and particles are given from the shock front to far downstream. The effects of diaphragm pressure ratio, mass loading ratio of particles and particle size upon the flow properties are discussed in detail.This article was processed using Springer-Verlag T_EX Shock Waves macro package 1990.     

激波诱导含灰气体边界层中的粒子分布

本文研究当激波沿着一个固体表面等速地穿越含灰气体运动时所诱导的层流边界层特性。考虑了作用在气体边界层中球形粒子的 Saffman 升力,建议了一种计算近壁区中弥散相密度剖面的方法,并给出了数值计算结果。本文结果表明:在激波后方存在着一个弯曲的薄层区域,其中的粒子密度可以比其波前原始值增加许多倍。这种粒子聚集效应对于工业中粉尘爆炸等实际问题具有重要意义。     

Aerodynamic focusing of inertial particles in the shock-wave intersection region

The flow structure in the region of intersection of two stationary plane shock waves in a dusty gas is investigated. The regular symmetric and asymmetric shock interaction and the symmetric Mach interaction are considered. For a small particle mass concentration, on the basis of numerical calculations using the full Lagrangian approach it is shown that behind the shock wave intersection point a long thin region is formed, in which the particle trajectories intersect and the particle concentration sharply increases. A parametric study of the particle concentration distributions in this region is performed and the range of governing parameters on which the particle focusing effect is maximal is found.     

Head-on collision of normal shock waves in dusty gases

The head-on collision of normal shock waves in dusty gases has been investigated numerically, using the modified random-choice method. The results concerning the various flow field properties as well as the waves configuration were compared with those of a pure gas case.     

Problem of the interaction of a wedge moving with supersonic velocity when it encounters an interface between two gases

A class of exact solutions is constructed for the problem of the interaction of a supersonic wedge when it encounters an interface between two gases. It is shown that the realization of these solutions requires the bow shock to be perpendicular to the interface between the gases. A numerical analysis is made of the exact solution as a function of the intensity of the bow shock and the specific-heat ratio of the oncoming gas.     

The effect of an unsteady drag force on the structure of a non-equilibrium region behind a shock wave in a gas-particle mixture

For numerical analysis of shock wave propagation in gas-particle mixtures, drag coefficients of a sphere in steady flows are generally used. However, it is shown both experimentally and numerically that a shock loaded solid sphere experiences unsteady drag forces. The paper describes a model of unsteady drag force and its effect on the structure of the non-equilibrium region behind a shock front traveling in a dusty gas. The results are compared with those obtained by using a steady drag coefficient and are discussed. It is demonstrated that the large drag force at the early stage of the interaction between shock-wave induced flow and a solid particle affects the flow structure that is obtained with a steady drag force.      

The distribution of particles in a shock-induced boundary layer of a dusty gas over a solid surface

The laminar boundary layer behind a constant-speed shock wave moving through a dusty gas along a solid surface is studied. The Saffman lift force acting on a spherical particle in a gas boundary layer is taken into account. A method for calculating the density profile of dispersed phase near the wall is proposed and some numerical results are given. It is shown that behind the shock wave, there exists a curved thin layer where the density of particles is many times higher than the original one. This dust collection effect may be of essential importance to the problem of dust explosion in industry.     

The flow structure of dilute gas-particle suspensions behind a shock wave moving along a flat surface

The asymptotic and numerical investigations of shock-induced boundary layers in gas-particle mixtures are presented.The Saffman lift force acting on a particle in a shear flow istaken into account.It is shown that particle migration across the boundary layer leads tointersections of particle trajectories.The corresponding modification of dusty gas model isproposed in this paper.The equations of two-phase sidewall boundary layer behind a shock wave moving at aconstant speed are obtained by using the method of matched asymptotic expansions.Themethod of the calculation of particle phase parameters in Lagrangian coordinates isdescribed in detail.Some numerical results for the case of small particle concentration aregiven.     

Decay of shock waves in a dusty-gas shock tube

A numerical study is performed for the unsteady nonequilibrium flow of a gas-particle mixture in a shock tube, where a semi-empirical formula for a single particle is assumed to calculate the drag and heat transfer rate of the particle cloud. To simulate actual flows of the mixture in which the size of the particles is distributed over a finite range, the motion of the particles is analyzed by dividing them into several groups according to their different diameters. It is shown that the particles of diameter larger than the average value cause a significant delay in the relaxation of the gas-particle flow. Good agreement is obtained between the numerical and the experimental results of the decrease in the shock propagation velocity, except for strong shock waves transmitted into dusty gas with a high loading ratio.     

Numerical study of shock diffraction in dusty gases

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