椭圆接触弹性流体动力润滑的供油条件分析

通过数值求解研究了椭圆接触弹流润滑的供油条件,分析了供油油膜厚度对乏油润滑中心膜厚和最小膜厚的影响,以及中心膜厚和最小膜厚与润滑油膜压力区形成位置的关系.结果表明:当供油油膜厚度较小时,中心膜厚和最小膜厚很小,压力区形成位置距Hertz接触区很近,处于严重乏油状态;当供油油膜的厚度达到一定数值时,中心膜厚和最小膜厚基本不变,多余的润滑油几乎不能进入接触间隙,即达到准充分供油状态;当供油油膜厚度继续增加时,乏油区最终消失,达到充分供油或过量供油状态.     

特殊供油条件下点接触弹流润滑乏油分析

从实验中观测到的特殊乏油现象出发,提出1种特殊供油条件函数,求出点接触弹性流体动力润滑的完全数值解,定性模拟实验中的特殊乏油现象,并分析供油条件函数中的参数与中心膜厚和最小膜厚的关系.结果表明:供油油膜的两突起导致相应的压力、部分油膜比例和润滑油膜分布中也出现两突起;供油油膜的两突起能够扩大压力区和充分供油区域,能够局部改善润滑效果,但是对中心膜厚和最小膜厚影响很小;供油油量主要影响润滑状态,而供油油膜的形状在不同程度上也会影响润滑状态.     

供油温度对润滑状态影响的试验观察与数值模拟

采用球-盘点接触光干涉润滑油膜测量装置,观察了不同供油温度下的接触区润滑状态.结果表明,随着供油温度的升高,润滑油黏度降低,润滑油成膜能力整体下降,接触区润滑状态在较大速度范围内处于边界润滑和混合润滑区间;温度升高还将导致膜厚曲线斜率增大,壁面温差是其诱因,通过数值模拟证实了壁面温差的影响;速度增加使接触区润滑状态向等黏度-刚性区间转化;温度和载荷使接触区润滑状态趋向于压黏-弹性区间.系统散热也会对油膜厚度产生影响.     

供油量对点接触表面微织构润滑性能的影响

采用球盘接触模型,以入口油层厚度为输入变量,基于统一Reynolds方程法建立润滑分析模型,研究了供油量对点接触表面微织构润滑性能的影响.数值计算结果显示:供油量显著影响接触区油膜厚度;微织构能改善摩擦副的润滑摩擦性能;严重乏油时接触区内微坑会产生气穴现象;瞬态下,微织构在乏油时较充分供油时改善润滑的效果明显.     

滑滚条件下定量润滑状态与润滑剂回填效应试验观察

采用球-盘点接触光干涉油膜与摩擦力测量装置观察了滑滚条件下接触区润滑状态与润滑剂回填效应. 结果显示,在定量供油和恒定滑滚比下,不同供油量使接触区呈现出从边界润滑状态向弹流润滑状态的不同转化趋势,非接触回填机制是其诱因;在恒定卷吸速度下,随着滑滚比从负值向正值变化,入口距离减小、乏油宽度增加,接触区两表面润滑剂回填时间的差别是其主要原因;完全乏油条件下,接触回填机制对局部润滑油膜建立发挥明显作用.      

条状润湿表面对面接触限量润滑油膜的影响研究

利用面接触油膜润滑测量系统，研究了条状润湿表面对有限量供油条件下入口区供油分布及润滑油膜厚度的影响. 对玻璃盘润滑轨道两侧进行疏油化处理，形成中央条状润湿区域，在有限量供油条件下测量不同速度下的油膜厚度. 结果表明在表面力驱动下，润滑油向中央条状亲油区域集中，改善了入口区供油，促进了限量供油条件下的油膜形成. 相对油膜厚度随速度的增加呈“S”型变化，同时研究了润滑油黏度及供油量等工作参数对条状润湿轨道作用的影响.      

低速下润滑接触区补充供油机制的研究

在滚动轴承运行的过程中,滚道上的润滑剂在滚动体的反复碾压下,厚度不断减小,轴承最终进入乏油润滑状态.为了解释长期工作在乏油条件下的轴承依旧能够保持较长时间的良好工作状态,有必要研究在轴承中是否存在某种自发的补充供油机制.本文作者基于球盘接触模型,分别考虑毛细力和分离压力在润滑油迁移过程中的作用,建立赫兹接触区附近油层分布模型,并以此修正弹流计算中的入口供油条件,采用统一Reynolds方程法计算在静止或低速条件下的润滑油膜厚度和压力分布,研究毛细力和分离压力的补充供油机制对润滑条件的改善作用.     

固体表面FAS膜转移对面接触油膜润滑影响的试验研究

利用滑块-盘面接触润滑油膜测量系统,在限量供油条件下,研究了滑块表面涂镀的疏油FAS(C₁₃H₁₃F₁₇O₃Si)膜对油膜润滑的影响. 结果表明:部分FAS膜可以透过油膜自发地转移到玻璃盘上;由于FAS转移膜的反润湿作用,玻璃盘面上接触区出口的润滑油膜回流增强;润滑油在玻璃盘润滑轨道上由原来的双侧脊分布转变为离散液滴分布,并向润滑轨道中心区域聚集,增强了入口区供油,油膜厚度增加.      

油气条件下供油时间对弹流润滑性能的影响分析

采用油气发生器,通过润滑剂厚度测量试验,建立了表面油层随供油时间变化关系.基于点接触乏油润滑模型和滚道表面油膜衰减模型研究了不同速度、载荷和表面粗糙度条件下自由表面油层厚度对润滑性能的影响.结果表明油气润滑条件下建立充分供油条件所需时间基本不随工况条件而变化,存在最佳供油时间和供油间隔.     

考虑滚道表面油层分布的滚动轴承润滑分析

研究表明供油量对弹流润滑性能产生显著影响.滚动轴承中由于离心力和滚动体的反复滚压,滚道表面上的润滑剂呈现出非均匀分布的特点.大多数润滑剂被推挤到滚道的两侧,致使接触区的入口间隙不能被完全充满,导致乏油润滑,滚动体与滚道间接触压力接近于赫兹压力分布,膜厚较全膜润滑有明显的减小.本文基于润滑剂的流量连续建立滚道表面油层厚度分布模型,考虑润滑接触压力的影响,计算滚道上的侧流量以预测轴承滚道上补给油层厚度及形状随时间的变化规律;进而以此作为滚动体和滚道接触区的入口油层厚度,采用统一Reynolds方程法数值模拟计算每个时刻轴承滚道与滚动体之间的润滑油膜厚度,压力分布等参数,分析轴承在点接触乏油条件下运行的润滑性能.     

一种基于直接计算高阶奇异积分的断裂力学双边界积分方程分析法

相对于有限元法,边界单元法在求解断裂问题上有着独特的优势,现有的边界单元法中主要有子区域法和双边界积分方程法.采用一种改进的双边界积分方程法求解二维、三维断裂问题的应力强度因子,对非裂纹边界采用传统的位移边界积分方程,只需对裂纹面中的一面采用面力边界积分方程,并以裂纹间断位移为未知量直接用于计算应力强度因子.采用一种高阶奇异积分的直接法计算面力边界积分方程中的超强奇异积分;对于裂纹尖端单元,提供了三种不同形式的间断位移插值函数,采用两点公式计算应力强度因子.给出了多个具体的算例,与现存的精确解或参考解对比,可得到高精度的计算结果.      

汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡 碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析

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2008年5月12日,汶川M80地震在四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟内诱发一巨型滑坡。通过现场调查得知,滑坡前后缘高差455m,厚度20～30m,滑面为基岩层面,初始方量2750×107m3。滑体在运动中转化为碎屑流。滑坡-碎屑流总的水平运动距离为4022m,垂直运动距离为1443m,遗留的堆积物体积达5×107m3。滑坡距映秀—北川断裂仅36km,位于其下盘,地震烈度达XI度。滑坡导致文家沟中48人遇害,并形成一条完整的地震次生地质灾害链。初步分析表明滑坡启动速度快,滑坡向碎屑流转化过程明显、地点明确。碎屑流运动过程复杂,伴有强烈的“气垫效应”和“前缘气浪冲击效应”。作者认为,文家沟滑坡的高启动速度是长持时强烈地震动作用的结果,与山体的猛烈碰撞是导致滑体解体并转化为碎屑流的原因。     

Preface: Orbits around asteroid

One of the core issues in modern celestial mechanics is the orbital dynamics in the near-regime gravitational field of as- teroids, which provides deep insights into the mathematical nature of a class of nonlinear systems, and plays as a critical basis for in situ explorations of different science goals. Lots of efforts have been made to reveal the characteristics of orbital motion in the vicinity of asteroids, and to improve the skills of asteroid research in methodology.     

Effet de l'anisotropie élastique cristalline sur la distribution des facteurs de Schmid à la surface des polycristauxInfluence of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals

Experimental studies of the plasticity mechanisms of polycrystals are usually based on the Schmid factor distribution supposing crystalline elasticity isotropy. A numerical evaluation of the effect of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on the apparent Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals is presented. Cubic elasticity is considered. Order II stresses (averaged on all grains with the same crystallographic orientation) as well as variations between averages computed on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are computed. The Finite Element Method is used. Commonly studied metals presenting an increasing anisotropy degree are considered (aluminium, nickel, austenite, copper). Concerning order II stresses in strongly anisotropic metals, the apparent Schmid factor distribution is drifted towards small Schmid factor values (the maximum Schmid factor is equal to 0.43 instead of 0.5) and the slip activation order between characteristic orientations of the crystallographic standard triangle is modified. The computed square deviations of the stresses averaged on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are a bit higher than the second order ones (inter-orientation scatter). Our numerical evaluations agree quantitatively with several observations and measures of the literature concerning stress and strain distribution in copper and austenite polycrystals submitted to low amplitude loadings. Hopefully, the given apparent Schmid factor distributions could help to better understand the observations of the plasticity mechanisms taking place at the free surface of polycrystals. To cite this article: M. Sauzay, C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Nonlinear behavior of matrix-inclusion composites under high confining pressure: application to concrete and mortar

This paper is devoted to a micromechanics-based simulation of the response of concrete to hydrostatic and oedometric compressions. Concrete is described as a composite made up of a cement matrix in which rigid inclusions are embedded. The focus is put on the role of the interface between matrix and inclusion which represent the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). A plastic behavior is considered for both the matrix and the interfaces. The effective response of the composite is derived from the modified secant method adapted to the situation of imperfect interfaces. To cite this article: T.H. Le et al., C. R. Mecanique 336 (2008).     

Dynamics and Breakup of Viscoelastic Liquids (A Review)

The phenomena of hydrodynamic breakup of liquid jets, drops, films, bridges, and filaments are reviewed for liquids with viscoelastic properties. The reasons for breakup are capillary instabilities, collisions with rigid obstacles, and other forms of dynamic action. The relationship between the properties of the liquids and the features of the breakup process is discussed.     

Flow stability analysis and excitation using pulsating jets

Classical flow stability applied to transition from laminar to turbulent flow may also describe the behavior of vorticity fluctuations created by a pulsating jet placed along a solid boundary. A numerical laminar flow experiment involving a pulsating jet placed along the surface of a duct with flow separation downstream, resulted in eliminating most part of the separated flow region. Applying the same approach to a turbulent flow, it was possible to develop a turbulent stability flow formulation and apply successfully turbulent pulsating jet flow separation control. To cite this article: D. Skamnakis, K. Papailiou, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).