小波分析用于陀螺仪漂移测试信号分析的研究

为建立陀螺仪漂移特性模型，需对其进行测试。由测试得到的数据是含有噪声的，且一般是非平稳的，用小波分析测试数据是一种很有效的方法。在简述小波分析中的多分辨分析理论的基础上，用其对某型陀螺仪的实测数据进行了分析－预处理，其结果证实了所研究方法的有效性。     

两斜交圆柱壳应力分析的边界元法

本文研究了两斜交圆柱壳的边界元法。提出了用板的基本解叠加级数形式的修正项构成圆柱壳的基本解,提高了计算精度,缩短了计算时间。对区域积分进行特殊处理,从而避免了内部网格的划分,大大减少了数据准备工作量和占机内存。并编制了FORTRAN计算程序,进行了数值计算。     

基于统一强度理论抗滑桩桩间距的计算

在已有抗滑桩桩间距研究的基础上,对桩间土拱进行受力分析。从侧阻力条件和土拱强度条件两个方面对抗滑桩桩间距进行了计算,将统一强度理论引入土拱强度的分析,藉此分别判断拱顶前缘、后缘及拱脚处土体是否处于临界状态,可得3个桩间距值,取相应的最小桩间距作为设计桩间距。此方法对于滑坡推力的矩形、三角形和梯形分布形式均适用,并可考虑土体自重应力的影响,同时可推及锚索抗滑桩桩间距的计算。对两个计算实例进行了分析,本方法的计算值与已有计算值或设计值的比较表明本方法效果良好。具体计算中统一强度参数b取0.2~0.7较为合适,滑坡推力为矩形分布时b值约为0.3,滑坡推力为三角形分布时b值约为0.6,滑坡推力为梯形分布时b值介于两者之间。     

Chebyshev polynomial curve-fitting technique for strain-gage applications

A curve-fitting technique is presented which is especially suited to strain-gage measurements. The location of the strain gages is inherently specified by the method, and the number of gages to be used is also prescribed. The method of Chebyshev polynomial curve fitting assures a best fit in the least-squares sense. The procedure of using the method of strain-gage measurement and subsequent curve fitting is explained. The method is suitable for hand calculation but is more easily done on a digital computer. An example problem is given to illustrate the procedure, and a discussion of errors and error techniques is included.     

单步辛算法的相位误差分析及修正

若一个算法的幅值误差和相位误差都不累加，则该算法就是最理想的算法， 但这样的算法难以构造. 辛几何算法解决了幅值误差的累加问题，但相位误差累加问题仍然 存在. 给出了单步隐式辛算法相位误差的精确估计公式，提出了简单而实用的修正方法. 以 Euler中点隐式辛差分格式为例，针对几个线性动力学系统，对相位误差进行了数值分析和 修正.     

基于伪距宽巷组合的GPS模糊度固定方法

中长基线模糊度快速解算是GPS网络差分技术的核心内容。根据网络差分模糊度固定只用于基线解算而不用于定位的特点,通过对常用GPS原始观测数据组合方式的分析,提出伪距宽相组合的数据处理方法,有效消除了电离层、对流层传播误差,形成抗差性强、大气误差自由的GPS组合观测值;在此基础上引入双差伪距宽相组合进行模糊度浮点解并建立法方程,应用高度角与大气误差的关系构造权阵,对常规LAMBDA算法进行了改进,形成一种适合GPS网络差分的中长基线模糊度解算方法。对三个参考站同步观测数据的实际测试结果表明：使用该方法网络模糊度解算时间小于300s,基线长超过60km,并满足闭合性原则。     

Postbuckling instability of nonlinear nanobeam with geometric imperfection embedded in elastic foundation

In this paper, the static instability of a nanobeam with geometrical imperfections that is embedded in elastic foundation is investigated. Size-dependent effect is included in the nonlinear model. It is argued that nonlocal parameter may render the nanobeam initially unstable. Static response is studied and the condition for instability is stated. The exact postbuckling solution for both the straight and curved nanobeam is presented. It is shown that the bifurcation diagram of a curved nanobeam with initial sinusoidal configuration is similar to that of a straight nanobeam in its nearest buckling mode. The results are verified with pervious relevant works on straight nanobeams and classical theory of curved beams and excellent agreement is shown.     

Ferrite-filled cavity resonators

An approximation technique is developed for the electromagnetic resonances and electric fields inside a cavity of arbitrary shape whose walls are perfectly conducting and which is filled with a lossless ferrite. Operator notation is introduced and it is proved that the operator for this problem is self-adjoint. A variational expression is introduced and this functional is minimized by employing the Rayleigh-Ritz technique. The solution is in the form of a matrix eigenvalue equation. The general formulas are specialized to the case of a ferrite-filled spherical cavity resonator and some of the lower-order mode resonances are calculated. The technique is briefly contrasted with other approximation techniques which are found in the literature.     

The stability of a circumferential crack in a pipe I. The influence of the boundary conditions imposed at the ends

The paper examines the case where a pipe of length L is built-in at one end and the other end is subject to an imposed displacement or rotation. The criterion for instability of growth of a circumferential through-wall crack is shown to depend on the pipe-end boundary conditions as well as the pipe geometry, crack size and crack location. The worst possible case is that where there is only a force, but no moment, at the pipe-end. However, this is probably an artificial situation which is unlikely to arise in practice. A pipe is more likely to be built-in at both ends, and for this situation, it is concluded that the instability criterion is the same irrespective of whether a displacement or rotation is imposed at a built-in end.     

Automatic control of a modified tractor to work on steep side slopes

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the control and stability of a tractor moving over obstacles on steep side slopes. To this end, a modified slope tractor is considered and the lateral stability of the vehicle is studied. The modified tractor is able to roll against the side slope and change the position of its mass centre. The tractor behaviour in a sloped field on a straight path is simulated in ADAMS software environment. A two-layer controller consisting of a Fuzzy upper layer and a PI lower layer is designed for the control of tractor stability. The dynamics of hydraulic actuators adjusting the body roll angle is also included. The stability of controlled and uncontrolled tractors is investigated by several simulations. It is shown that in comparison with the two types of ordinary and uncontrolled slope tractors, the controller is capable of maintaining the stability of modified tractor and preventing it from rollover and instability on various side slopes and obstacles.     

任意边界形状的二维刚塑性成形过程的无网格分析方法

将无网格伽辽金方法引入到塑性成形过程模拟,结合刚塑性材料假设,提出了基于刚塑性理论的无网格伽辽金方法,推导了其刚度矩阵方程和求解列式,给出了模具形状任意的二维塑性成形问题摩擦力边界条件的施加方法以及无网格方法应用于任意边界形状的塑性成形问题时的坐标转换关系,建立了无网格方法模拟任意边界形状的塑性成形问题的步骤,并编写了相应的计算程序。应用建立的方法对典型塑性成形过程进行了无网格方法分析,通过与刚塑性有限元方法分析结果的比较,验证了本文所建立方法的可行性。     

地下开采过程损伤场演化与地表变形的时变分析

以形状随时间变化的物体——时变体为研究对象，将损伤理论与时变力学结合，引入与时变过程相关的损伤参数，形成损伤时变力学分析方法。针对岩石介质特性给出了弹性损伤时变力学本构方程，并利用虚功原理建立相应数值化方法和分析过程。利用损伤时变力学分析方法对某地下煤层开采过程进行计算机仿真分析，给出形状时变引起的损伤场与地表移动的动态演化过程，并对比了非时变以及施工分析结果。研究表明，损伤时变分析可得到连续变化的位移及损伤演化图，相比非时变的常规分析和施工分析能更好地模拟连续施工，为工程施工分析与预测提供更加科学和有效的手段。为实现开采过程的经济和安全，应该采用损伤时变力学的分析方法。     

Momentum and heat transfer in the magnetohydrodynamic stagnation-point flow of a viscoelastic fluid toward a stretching surface

An analysis is made of the steady two-dimensional stagnation-point flow of an incompressible viscoelastic fluid over a flat deformable surface when the surface is stretched in its own plane with a velocity proportional to the distance from the stagnation-point. It is shown that for a viscoelastic conducting fluid of short memory (obeying Walters’ Bʹ model), a boundary layer is formed when the stretching velocity of the surface is less than the inviscid free-stream velocity and velocity at a point increases with increase in the Hartmann number. On the other hand an inverted boundary layer is formed when the surface stretching velocity exceeds the velocity of the free stream and the velocity decreases with increase in the Hartmann number. A novel result of the analysis is that the flow near the stretching surface is that corresponding to an inviscid stagnation-point flow when the surface stretching velocity is equal to the velocity of the free stream. Temperature distribution in the boundary layer is found when the surface is held at constant temperature and surface heat flux is determined. It is found that in the absence of viscous and Ohmic dissipation and strain energy in the flow, temperature at a point decreases with increase in the Hartmann number.     

基于CFD-DEM的高炉风口回旋区形状和传热特性数值模拟研究

采用计算流体力学-离散单元法(CFD-DEM)耦合方法,对高炉风口回旋区进行了数值模拟研究。首先通过与实验结果对比,验证了CFD-DEM模型的正确性;然后考察了不同气速对风口回旋区形状和传热特性及颗粒接触的影响。数值模拟结果表明:风口回旋区的大小和形状均受气速影响较大,在较大进气速度下,颗粒受到的曳力大于颗粒间的摩擦阻力并破坏颗粒间的桥力,形成较大尺寸的回旋区;且颗粒之间接触力较小,形成较大的空隙结构,更有利于热气体向周围扩散以强化传热。目前考察的三种气速结果表明:当气速为11m/s时,热量向下方传递速度最快;当气速为13m/s时,热量向上方传递速度最快;而当气速为15m/s时,热量向右方传递速度最快;此外,气速越大流态化越明显,颗粒间接触越少,接触力也越小。     

基于无单元法的平面框架地震反应分析

无单元法在动力计算领域中的应用目前多以梁、板等简单构件的自振特性分析为主,对建筑结构的动力计算,尤其是地震反应分析尚未涉及.文中推导了无单元法的离散动力方程,以轴力杆、欧拉梁模型为基础,将简单构件的无单元动力计算推进到实际结构的地震反应分析,并给出了数值实现的基本流程.最后以一个十一层钢筋混凝土高层结构为算例,实现了多层多跨平面框架的无单元地震反应分析,达到了预期的效果,验证了无单元法应用于平面框架地震反应分析的可行性和有效性.     

Rayleigh-Taylor instability of an interface in a nonwettable porous medium

The diffusion of vapor through the roof of an underground structure located beneath an aquifer is considered. In the process of evaporation, an interface between the upper water-saturated layer and the lower layer containing an air-vapor mixture is formed. A mathematical model of the evaporation process is proposed and a solution of the steady-state problem is found. It is shown that in the presence of capillary forces in the case of a nonwettable medium the solution is not unique. Using the normal mode method, it is shown that Rayleigh-Taylor instability of the interface can develop in the nonwettable porous medium. It is found that there are two scenarios of loss of stability corresponding to the occurrence of the most unstable wavenumber at zero and at infinity, respectively. It is shown that for zero wavenumber the stability limit is reached at the same time as the solution of the steady-state problem disappears.     

Flow past a thin axisymmetric body with a given velocity distribution along part of its surface

Longitudinal flow past a thin body of revolution, part of whose surface is not known a priori and is to be determined from the tangential velocity specified there (free-flow boundary), is considered. The flow is assumed to be vortex-free, and the fluid to be ideal and incompressible. An integral equation for the form of the free surface is derived and is solved by the method of successive approximations. Conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the solution are given. A constant velocity flow along the free boundary (cavitation flow) is considered as a particular example of the general theory.     

Stable Nucleation for the Ginzburg-Landau System with an Applied Magnetic Field

We consider the Ginzburg‐Landau system with an applied magnetic field and analyze the behavior of solutions when the domain is a cylinder (of radius ) and the applied field is parallel to the axis. It is shown that there is an upper critical value such that if the modulus of the applied field is greater than , the normal (nonsuperconducting) state (in which the order parameter is identically zero) is stable and if the modulus of the applied field is slightly below , the normal state is unstable. In addition, it is shown that there is a positive lower critical value such that the normal state is unstable if the modulus of the applied field is less than and stable if the modulus is slightly above . In the case of type‐II materials for whic h the Ginzburg‐Landau constant κ is large, it is shown that there is a discrete set of radii ℬ(κ) such that if and is sufficiently large, then for each applied field of modulus slightly less than (or slightly more than ) there is precisely one small superconducting solution (up to a gauge transformation) which is stable. Moreover for this solution, the complex‐valued order parameter ψ is zero only on the axis of the cylinder, and its winding number is proportional to the product of κ² and the cross‐sectional area of the cylinder. In addition, the solution exhibits “surface superconductivity” as predicted by the physicists de Gennes and St. James. (Accepted July 15, 1996)