无网格稳定配点法及其在弹性力学中的应用

伽辽金型无网格法具有精度高、稳定性好的优点,但是实现高阶准确积分过程复杂,计算效率低.配点型无网格法的计算效率高,但是其在求解复杂问题时往往会出现精度和稳定性较差的结果.本文介绍一种新的无网格法-无网格稳定配点法,采用重构核近似作为近似函数,在规则子域内非常容易实现高阶准确积分,既保留了配点型无网格法效率高的特点,又具备伽辽金型无网格法精度高和稳定性好的特点,而且还兼具有限体积法满足局域离散方程守恒的特点.通过弹性力学算例验证了该算法的优越性,未来可将其进一步应用于流体和流固耦合问题分析.     

基于赫林格?赖斯纳变分原理的一致高效无网格本质边界条件施加方法

无网格法具有高阶连续光滑的形函数, 在结构分析中呈现出显著的精度优势. 但无网格形函数在节点处一般没有插值性, 导致伽辽金无网格法难以直接施加本质边界条件. 采用变分一致尼兹法施加边界条件的数值解具有良好的收敛性和稳定性, 因而得到了非常广泛的应用, 然而该方法仍然需要引入人工参数来保证算法的稳定性. 本文以赫林格?赖斯纳变分原理为基础, 建立了一种变分一致的本质边界条件施加方法. 该方法采用混合离散近似赫林格?赖斯纳变分原理弱形式中的位移和应力, 其中位移采用传统无网格形函数进行离散, 而应力则在背景积分单元中近似为相应阶次的多项式. 此时的无网格离散方程可视为一种新型的尼兹法施加本质边界条件, 其中修正变分项采用再生光滑梯度和无网格形函数进行混合离散, 稳定项则内嵌于赫林格?赖斯纳变分原理弱形式中, 无需额外增加稳定项, 消除了对人工参数的依赖性. 该方法无需计算复杂耗时的形函数导数, 并满足积分约束条件, 保证了数值求解的精度. 数值结果表明, 所提方法能够保证伽辽金无网格法的计算精度最优误差收敛率, 与传统的尼兹法相比明显提高了计算效率.      

利用无网格法进行几何非线性热固耦合柔性机构拓扑优化设计

将无网格伽辽金法引入到拓扑优化中,利用其进行了几何非线性热固耦合柔性机构的优化设计研究.利用无网格法离散和求解了热固耦合场的控制方程.基于SIMP模型和无网格法,建立了柔性机构的优化模型,利用MMA方法求解.研究了基于无网格法的伴随敏度分析方法,并提出了解决拓扑结构出现不连续散乱点同题的敏度过滤方法.求解经典算例,表明本文方法的正确性和有效性.     

不可压缩Stokes流动的PSPG无网格法

将应用于有限元法的Pressure-Stabilizing/Petrov-Galerkin(PSPG)稳定化机制引入到无网格法中,有效消除了由于速度和压力的插值模式违反LBB条件而导致的压力场的虚假振荡。采用与有限元法耦合的连续掺混法(Continuous Blending Method)施加本质边界条件,使得边界条件不仅在边界节点上而且在整条边界上都得到严格满足。给出了两个典型算例的数值模拟结果,表明了所建议无网格法模拟不可压缩Stokes流动的有效性。     

无网格全局介点法

提出了一种新型无网格法,即无网格全局介点(MGIP)法。该方法采用移动最小二乘核近似来构造形函数,有利于提高数值方法的计算稳定性,而且算法更为简单。该方法需要引入全局介点进行数值离散,基于有限点的广义变分法导出求解系统方程,并采用罚系数法来保证边界条件,数值实现较为简洁。数值算例结果表明:MGIP法的计算耗时不到无网格局部彼得洛夫-伽辽金法的1%,具有较高的计算效率;相比于一般配点法,本文方法的计算稳定性更好,计算精度更高。     

无网格法求解一类分段连续型延迟偏微分方程

无网格法是基于散点信息求解偏微分方程问题的数值方法,无网格法可减少或完全消除对网格的依赖,数值实施更加灵活.因此,考虑采用基于径向基函数的无网格插值法求解一类分段连续型延迟偏微分方程.首先,利用θ-加权有限差分法得到方程时间上的离散格式,利用基于径向基函数的无网格插值法近似空间导数,得到了全离散数值格式.采用的基函数是Multiquadric (MQ)径向基函数,MQ径向基函数在精度及稳定性等方面都优于其他径向基函数.其次,采用傅里叶分析方法对该方法进行稳定性分析,得到了该方法稳定的条件,且该条件只与时间步长有关.最后,通过数值算例验证了方法的收敛性和稳定性,从而说明了方法的有效性和适用性.     

基于Kriging插值无网格法求解轴对称弹性力学问题

基于Kriging插值无网格法,提出了实际应用中复杂轴对称弹性力学问题求解的一条新途径.Kriging插值无网格法是一种新型的无网格法,该方法构造的形函数满足Kronecker delta函数性质,可以直接施加本质边界条件.采用Kriging插值无网格法分析轴对称问题,得到了轴对称问题的无网格离散方程,并编制了相应的计算程序.通过厚壁圆筒的静力学和动力学分析,对所提方法进行了检验.数值算例结果表明,提出的方法对求解轴对称弹性力学问题是行之有效的.     

板壳畸变单元的无网格和有限元自动耦合方法

板壳大变形时单元的严重畸变会使计算精度降低。无网格局部Petrov-Galerkin法是一种真正的无网格方法,能够消除网格畸变,但比有限元法计算效率低。根据板壳网格畸变的局部性特点,利用过渡单元法,基于板壳网格质量,建立了板壳的网格严重畸变区域由有限元分析切换为无网格分析的自动耦合算法,实现了有限元法和无网格局部彼得罗夫．迦辽金法的耦合。应用实例表明：通过自适应耦合,既能发挥有限元法计算效率高的特点,又能发挥无网格法适合大变形分析、没有网格畸变造成计算困难的特点。     

配点型无网格法理论和研究进展

有限元法是当前工程科学领域应用最广泛的数值计算方法之一,但是其在求解极端大变形、高速碰撞等一些复杂问题时,容易出现网格畸变和网格敏感性,从而导致计算结果精度低和不收敛的问题．为了避免网格带来的问题,出现并兴起了各种无网格法．无网格法不仅建模简便,而且收敛速度更快、计算精度更高,可用于求解有限元等网格类方法难以求解乃至尚未触及的问题．本文首先阐述了无网格法的分类以及具有代表性的方法．目前限制无网格法发展的主要问题是效率偏低．伽辽金型无网格法效率较低,而配点型无网格法效率较高,在复杂问题的高效高精度数值模拟中具有更大潜力．因此本文详细介绍了配点型无网格法的起源和研究进展,归纳了其常用的近似函数和离散方法,最后对无网格法的发展做出了总结和展望．无网格法的研究和改进,为复杂问题的高效高精度数值模拟开辟了新的途径．     

动力弹塑性分析的无网格自然单元法

基于无网格自然单元法,提出了结构动力弹塑性响应分析的一条新途径．自然单元法是一种新兴的无网格数值计算方法,其实质是基于自然邻近插值的伽辽金法．自然单元法在本质边界条件的施加上较采用移动最小二乘法的无网格法具有明显的优势．在空间域上采用自然单元法离散,并运用加权余量法推导了动力弹塑性分析的离散控制方程．然后,采用预校正形式的Newmark法在时间域上进行求解．最后给出了数值算例,并验证了所提方法的有效性和正确性．     

无网格法的理论及应用

详细论述了近年来迅速发展的无网格法的理论基础及其在各个领域内的应 用. 无网格法网格依赖性弱, 避免了传统的有限元、边界元等基于网格的数值方法 中可能出现的网格畸变和扭曲, 在一些有限元、边界元等方法难以较好处理的领域体现 出独特的优势. 以加权余量法为主线归纳了已有的30多种无网格法, 各类 无网格法的主要区别在于使用了不同的加权余量法和近似函数. 详尽介绍 了各种无网格近似方案(包括移动最小二乘近似、核近似和重构核近似、单位分 解近似、径向基函数近似、点插值近似、自然邻接点插值近似等)和无网格法 中常用的各类加权余量法(伽辽金格式、配点格式、局部弱形式、加权最小二乘 格式和边界积分格式等), 并讨论了数值积分方法和边界条件的处理等问题. 在 此基础上较系统地总结了无网格法在冲击爆炸、裂纹传播、超大变形、结 构优化、流固耦合、生物力学和微纳米力学等领域的应用, 展示了无网格法相 对于传统数值方法的优势.      

Three‐dimensional remeshed smoothed particle hydrodynamics for the simulation of isotropic turbulence

We present a remeshed particle‐mesh method for the simulation of three‐dimensional compressible turbulent flow. The method is related to the meshfree smoothed particle hydrodynamics method, but the present method introduces a mesh for efficient calculation of the pressure gradient, and laminar and turbulent diffusion. In addition, the mesh is used to remesh (reorganise uniformly) the particles to ensure a regular particle distribution and convergence of the method. The accuracy of the presented methodology is tested for a number of benchmark problems involving two‐ and three‐dimensional Taylor‐Green flow, thin double shear layer, and three‐dimensional isotropic turbulence. Two models were implemented, direct numerical simulations, and Smagorinsky model. Taking advantage of the Lagrangian advection, and the finite difference efficiency, the method is capable of providing quality simulations while maintaining its robustness and versatility.     

On the use of characteristic‐based split meshfree method for solving flow problems

This study presents characteristic‐based split (CBS) algorithm in the meshfree context. This algorithm is the extension of general CBS method which was initially introduced in finite element framework. In this work, the general equations of flow have been represented in the meshfree context. A new finite element and MFree code is developed for solving flow problems. This computational code is capable of solving both time‐dependent and steady‐state flow problems. Numerical simulation of some known benchmark flow problems has been studied. Computational results of MFree method have been compared to those of finite element method. The results obtained have been verified by known numerical, analytical and experimental data in the literature. A number of shape functions are used for field variable interpolation. The performance of each interpolation method is discussed. It is concluded that the MFree method is more accurate than FEM if the same numbers of nodes are used for each solver. Meshfree CBS algorithm is completely stable even at high Reynolds numbers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical Analysis of Thermally Coupled Flow Problems with Interfaces and Phase-change Effects

In this work a fixed mesh finite element approach is presented to solve thermally coupled flow problems including moving interfaces between immiscible fluids and phase-change effects. The weak form of the full incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is obtained using a generalized streamline operator (GSO) technique that enables the use of equal order interpolation of the primitive variables of the problem: velocity, pressure and temperature. The interfaces are defined with a mesh of marker points whose motion is obtained applying a Lagrangian scheme. Moreover, a temperature-based formulation is considered to describe the phase-change phenomena. The proposed methodology is used in the analysis of a filling of a step mould and a gravity-driven flow of an aluminium alloy in an obstructed vertical channel.     

基于径向基函数配点法的梁板弯曲问题分析

采用径向基函数配点法分析考虑剪切效应的梁板弯曲问题,该方法利用径向基函数作为近似函数,基于配点法离散方程,通过最小二乘法求解。径向基函数配点法在离散和计算过程中不需要任何形式的网格划分,是一种真正的无网格法;径向基函数可以用一元函数来描述多元函数,存在明显的储存和运算简单的特点;而基于配点法求解不需要积分,提高了计算效率。分析考虑剪切效应的薄梁板问题时,传统的有限元法或无网格法求解均会存在剪切锁闭问题,而径向基函数在全域内存在无限连续性,能够准确地满足Kirchhoff约束条件,因此径向基函数配点法能够消除剪切锁闭现象,而且不会出现应力波动。该方法的优势在于,其不仅易于离散、精度高,而且具有指数收敛率,计算效率高。数值算例验证了上述结论和该方法的稳定性。     

The improvement of numerical modeling in the solution of incompressible viscous flow problems using finite element method based on spherical Hankel shape functions

In this paper, the finite element method with new spherical Hankel shape functions is developed for simulating 2‐dimensional incompressible viscous fluid problems. In order to approximate the hydrodynamic variables, the finite element method based on new shape functions is reformulated. The governing equations are the Navier‐Stokes equations solved by the finite element method with the classic Lagrange and spherical Hankel shape functions. The new shape functions are derived using the first and second kinds of Bessel functions. In addition, these functions have properties such as piecewise continuity. For the enrichment of Hankel radial basis functions, polynomial terms are added to the functional expansion that only employs spherical Hankel radial basis functions in the approximation. In addition, the participation of spherical Bessel function fields has enhanced the robustness and efficiency of the interpolation. To demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of these shape functions, 4 benchmark tests in fluid mechanics are considered. Then, the present model results are compared with the classic finite element results and available analytical and numerical solutions. The results show that the proposed method, even with less number of elements, is more accurate than the classic finite element method.     

Anisotropic adaptive stabilized finite element solver for RANS models

Aerodynamic characteristics of various geometries are predicted using a finite element formulation coupled with several numerical techniques to ensure stability and accuracy of the method. First, an edge‐based error estimator and anisotropic mesh adaptation are used to detect automatically all flow features under the constraint of a fixed number of elements, thus controlling the computational cost. A variational multiscale‐stabilized finite element method is used to solve the incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations. Finally, the Spalart‐Allmaras turbulence model is solved using the streamline upwind Petrov‐Galerkin method. This paper is meant to show that the combination of anisotropic unsteady mesh adaptation with stabilized finite element methods provides an adequate framework for solving turbulent flows at high Reynolds numbers. The proposed method was validated on several test cases by confrontation with literature of both numerical and experimental results, in terms of accuracy on the prediction of the drag and lift coefficients as well as their evolution in time for unsteady cases.     

Pressure‐stabilized maximum‐entropy methods for incompressible Stokes

We present a parameter‐free stable maximum‐entropy method for incompressible Stokes flow. Derived from a least‐biased optimization inspired by information theory, the meshfree maximum‐entropy method appears as an interesting alternative to classical approximation schemes like the finite element method. Especially compared with other meshfree methods, e.g. the moving least‐squares method, it allows for a straightforward imposition of boundary conditions. However, no Eulerian approach has yet been presented for real incompressible flow, encountering the convective and pressure instabilities. In this paper, we exclusively address the pressure instabilities caused by the mixed velocity‐pressure formulation of incompressible Stokes flow. In a preparatory discussion, existing stable and stabilized methods are investigated and evaluated. This is used to develop different approaches towards a stable maximum‐entropy formulation. We show results for two analytical tests, including a presentation of the convergence behavior. As a typical benchmark problem, results are also shown for the leaky lid‐driven cavity. The already presented information‐flux method for convection‐dominated problems in mind, we see this as the last step towards a maximum‐entropy method capable of simulating full incompressible flow problems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A numerical study of constitutive models endowed with Pom-Pom molecular attributes

The branched polymer melts are modeled respectively in this investigation by the existing XPP and PTT–XPP models, along with the proposed S-MDCPP (Single/Simplified Modified Double Convected Pom-Pom) model developed on the basis of the existing MDCPP model. A pressure stabilized mass equation is formulated with the finite increment calculus (FIC) process to restrain and further eliminate spurious oscillations of pressure field due to the incompressibility of fluids. The discrete elastic viscous stress splitting (DEVSS) technique is employed, in order to retain an elliptic contribution in the weak form of the momentum equation. An inconsistent streamline-upwind (SU) method is applied to spatially discretize the constitutive equations. The mass, momentum conservation and constitutive equations are discretized and solved by the iterative stabilized fractional step algorithm along with the Crank–Nicolson implicit difference scheme. Thus the finite elements with equal low-order interpolation approximations for velocity–pressure–stress variables can be devised to numerically simulate the viscoelastic contraction flows for branched LDPE melts. The influences of the three viscoelastic constitutive models and the branched arms at the end of the Pom-Pom molecule on the rheological behaviors occurring in this complex flow are discussed. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed S-MDCPP model is capable of reproducing some properties similar to those predicted by the XPP model in high shear flow and, on the other hand, reproducing some properties similar to those predicted by the PTT–XPP model in high elongational flow. Furthermore, the proposed S-MDCPP model is capable of well identifying the macromolecule topological structures of branched polymer melts.     

A mixed finite element scheme for viscoelastic flows with XPP model

A mixed finite element formulation for viscoelastic flows is derived in this paper, in which the FIC （finite incremental calculus） pressure stabilization process and the DEVSS （discrete elastic viscous stress splitting） method using the Crank-Nicolson-based split are introduced within a general framework of the iterative version of the fractional step algorithm. The SU （streamline-upwind） method is particularly chosen to tackle the convective terms in constitutive equations of viscoelastic flows. Thanks to the proposed scheme the finite elements with equal low-order interpolation approximations for stress-velocity-pressure variables can be successfully used even for viscoelastic flows with high Weissenberg numbers. The XPP （extended Pom-Pom） constitutive model for describing viscoelastic behaviors is particularly integrated into the proposed scheme. The numerical results for the 4：1 sudden contraction flow problem demonstrate prominent stability, accuracy and convergence rate of the proposed scheme in both pressure and stress distributions over the flow domain within a wide range of the Weissenberg number, particularly the capability in reproducing the results, which can be used to explain the ＂die swell＂ phenomenon observed in the polymer injection molding process.