外包钢-砼组合梁纯扭作用下抗扭刚度的实验及数值模拟

为了研究新型外包钢-砼T形截面组合梁在纯扭作用下的变形性能,设计了5根不同配箍率的的足尺悬臂组合梁。通过对5根悬臂梁的抗扭性能的实验研究,得到了组合梁的扭矩-扭率关系曲线。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS,对组合梁的抗扭性能进行了非线性有限元分析,得到了混凝土与外包钢在极限阶段的应力云图。根据实验以及有限元结果分析了组合梁在整个加载过程中扭转刚度的变化。基于现行砼结构设计规范,提出了组合梁从开裂到极限阶段抗扭刚度的计算公式,可供组合梁受扭设计参考。把有限元模型和公式的计算结果与实验结果进行比较,三者吻合较好。     

外包钢-砼组合梁纯扭作用下抗扭刚度的实验及数值模拟

为了研究新型外包钢-砼T形截面组合梁在纯扭作用下的变形性能,设计了5根不同配箍率的的足尺悬臂组合梁。通过对5根悬臂梁的抗扭性能的实验研究,得到了组合梁的扭矩-扭率关系曲线。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS,对组合梁的抗扭性能进行了非线性有限元分析,得到了混凝土与外包钢在极限阶段的应力云图。根据实验以及有限元结果分析了组合梁在整个加载过程中扭转刚度的变化。基于现行砼结构设计规范,提出了组合梁从开裂到极限阶段抗扭刚度的计算公式,可供组合梁受扭设计参考。把有限元模型和公式的计算结果与实验结果进行比较,三者吻合较好。     

双金属复合管的静动态力学特性

对双金属复合管单位长度质量的等效截面抗弯曲、抗拉压、抗扭刚度进行了推导。分析了钢-铜、钢-铝双层、铜-钢-铜三层双金属复合管在不同结构和尺寸组合时,其各等效截面刚度与同规格单金属管各截面刚度之比随内层管与总管壁厚之比n的变化规律。获得了最优刚度性能的复合管最佳结构与尺寸组合,能节约贵金属材料。采用等效截面抗弯曲刚度、等效截面抗拉压刚度、等效质量法,推导出双金属复合管弯曲振动和轴向振动固有频率的计算模型;采用等效截面抗扭刚度、等效质量并结合等效转动惯量法,推导出其扭转振动固有频率计算模型。复合管前三阶固有频率的计算值与有限元值相比,最大误差为2.35%;与实测值相比,最大误差为3.15%。研究结果表明:内铝、外钢复合管在抗弯、抗扭方面(n=0.63时)存在最优结构。     

含复合铠装层的非黏结柔性立管轴对称载荷响应

针对新型含复合材料铠装层的非黏结柔性立管,推导了各向异性复合材料拉力铠装层在内、外压和轴拉力作用下的控制方程,且考虑了载荷作用下可能出现的层间间隙,建立了非黏结柔性立管的轴对称载荷响应模型。采用循环验证算法求解,获得了管道的抗拉刚度、抗扭刚度、层间压力、层间间隙等重要参数。建立了有限元仿真模型,验证了理论模型的可靠性。算例研究表明:层间间隙出现在螺旋层与圆筒层之间,不考虑间隙时,抗拉刚度的预测值较高;相较于传统的钢质铠装层柔性管,复合铠装层管的抗拉刚度以及抗扭刚度均更大,且抗拉刚度随着管外压力增大而降低程度更小,复合铠装层在柔性立管的应用中能够达到铠装层的刚度性能要求。     

花键轴截面抗扭刚度的研究

本文应用电磁涡流比拟方法对花键轴截面的抗扭刚度进行了实验测试,并根据实测的数值结果提出了经验计算公式.还可据此换算得出"抗扭截面模量W_n"值.     

钢丝软轴抗扭刚度的计算及测量

根据钢丝软轴基本参数的变化,确定其受载后其它几何尺寸的变化量,由此导出软轴两端相对扭转角进而得到钢丝软轴抗扭刚度的计算公式,此外,笔还在扭转试验机上对钢丝软轴的抗扭刚度进行实验测量,结果证实本理论计算值吻合于实际测量值。     

用斜交坐标差分法计算叶型的抗扭刚度

人们通过各种解法,只对少数特殊形状的截面得到了抗扭刚度的分析解。工程技术上大量遇到的截面往往是无法找到分析解而求其近似解。在电子数字计算机出现后,用差分方法数值解应力函数,以满足泊松方程第一边值问题,然后对网格点上的函数值进行数值积分来求得抗扭刚度。这种方法原则上对各种形状的截面都可适用。但对于汽轮     

肋板系肋的抗扭刚度对抗弯刚度的贡献

本文从理论上对肋板系肋的抗扭刚度对抗弯刚度的贡献给以证明.它使文献[1]采用的正交构造异性板刚度的实用算法有了依据.尤其无内横肋的肋板系桥跨计算时,需计入该贡献.     

人工神经网络在实验断裂力学中的应用

提出一种基于人工神经网络的多裂纹柱体扭转问题的数据处理新方法，运用MATLAB中的神经网络工具箱，对柱体的抗扭刚度实验值进行快速拟合，从而得到了裂纹尖端的应力强度因子，实例应用证明该方法是简便、有效的。     

考虑筋条扭转刚度环向离散加筋园柱曲板侧压稳定性

一、前言目前一些关于离散加筋园柱曲板的稳定性计算(文献[1][2][3])均忽略了筋条抗扭刚度。这样可以利用矩阵零元素多的特征将矩阵分解成数个子矩阵,减少矩阵阶数,提高计算速度和计算精度。但是,筋条抗扭刚度对离散加筋园柱曲板总体稳定性到底影响多大,特别是当筋条的横截面是闭口薄壁剖面时(这种情况下其扭转刚度与抗弯刚度是同量级的)是否还可以忽略其扭转刚度?此外当筋条较强,局部屈曲临界载荷小于总体屈曲临界载荷时,计算曲线与实验不符,这是否由于忽略了筋条扭转刚度造成的呢?这些问题需要回答。      

On unsteady unidirectional flows of a second grade fluid

Some properties of unsteady unidirectional flows of a fluid of second grade are considered for flows produced by the sudden application of a constant pressure gradient or by the impulsive motion of one or two boundaries. Exact analytical solutions for these flows are obtained and the results are compared with those of a Newtonian fluid. It is found that the stress at the initial time on the stationary boundary for flows generated by the impulsive motion of a boundary is infinite for a Newtonian fluid and is finite for a second grade fluid. Furthermore, it is shown that initially the stress on the stationary boundary, for flows started from rest by sudden application of a constant pressure gradient is zero for a Newtonian fluid and is not zero for a fluid of second grade. The required time to attain the asymptotic value of a second grade fluid is longer than that for a Newtonian fluid. It should be mentioned that the expressions for the flow properties, such as velocity, obtained by the Laplace transform method are exactly the same as the ones obtained for the Couette and Poiseuille flows and those which are constructed by the Fourier method. The solution of the governing equation for flows such as the flow over a plane wall and the Couette flow is in a series form which is slowly convergent for small values of time. To overcome the difficulty in the calculation of the value of the velocity for small values of time, a practical method is given. The other property of unsteady flows of a second grade fluid is that the no-slip boundary condition is sufficient for unsteady flows, but it is not sufficient for steady flows so that an additional condition is needed. In order to discuss the properties of unsteady unidirectional flows of a second grade fluid, some illustrative examples are given.     

扰动本构方程及粘弹流体拉伸流动不稳定性

提出“准衰退记忆”新概念,发展了非牛顿流体扰动本构理论,并研究了粘弹流体拉伸流动的不稳定性规律     

Prediction of the turbulent boundary layer development by the lag-entrainment method

The lag-entrainment method, which is a well-established integral method for predicting the development of turbulent boundary layers, is used in this study to predict two-dimensional turbulent separated flow. The method is used in an inverse mode, in which the displacement thickness is specified together with other integral parameters of the boundary layer. It is concluded that the prediction of two-dimensional separated flow by an integral method is feasible, but there is a need for accurate data for both equilibrium and general separated flows for making a comparison.     

Constitutive Models for Compressible Nonlinearly Elastic Materials with Limiting Chain Extensibility

Constitutive models are proposed for compressible isotropic hyperelastic materials that reflect limiting chain extensibility. These are generalizations of the model proposed by Gent for incompressible materials. The goal is to understand the effects of limiting chain extensibility when the compressibility of polymeric materials is taken into account. The basic homogeneous deformation of simple tension is considered and simple closed-form relations for the deformation characteristics are obtained for slightly compressible materials. An explicit first-order approximation is obtained for the lateral contraction and for the Poisson function in terms of the axial extension which is shown to be valid for each of two specific compressible versions of the Gent model. One of the main results obtained is that the effect of limiting chain extensibility is to stiffen the material relative to the neo-Hookean compressible case. Mathematics Subject Classifications (2000) 74B20, 74G55.     

Diffusion velocity for a three-dimensional vorticity field

A discussion is presented on the existence of a diffusion velocity for the vorticity vector that satisfies extensions of the Helmholtz vortex laws in a three-dimensional, incompressible, viscous fluid flow. A general form for the diffusion velocity is derived for a complex-lamellar vorticity field that satisfies the property that circulation is invariant about a region that is advected with the sum of the fluid velocity and the diffusion velocity. A consequence of this property is that vortex lines will be material lines with respect to this combined velocity field. The question of existence of diffusion velocity for a general three-dimensional vorticity field is shown to be equivalent to the question of existence of solutions of a certain Fredholm equation of the first kind. An example is given for which it is shown that a diffusion velocity satisfying this property does not, in general, exist. Properties of the simple expression for diffusion velocity for a complex-lamellar vorticity field are examined when applied to the more general case of an arbitrary three-dimensional flow. It is found that this form of diffusion velocity, while not satisfying the condition of circulation invariance, nevertheless has certain desirable properties for computation of viscous flows using Lagrangian vortex methods. The significance and structure of the noncomplex-lamellar part of the viscous diffusion term is examined for the special case of decaying homogeneous turbulence.     

The singular behaviour in the vicinity of intersection between the body and free surface

The singular behaviour in the vicinity of intersection between the body and free surface is presented.It is shown that in the linear regime the singularity of velocity potential for transient problem is in d~2|nd.The singular behaviour for harmonic problem is the same as the result for the transient problem.In particular,the singularity for the harmonic problem with infinite frequency is in d~2 lnd for velocity potential(d is the distance between field point and intersection).     

Orthogonal arrays: An introduction and their application in optimizing underrelaxation factors in ‘simple’-based algorithm

The primary aim of this paper is to demonstrate how the ‘design-of-experiments’ techniques which are successful in physical experiments could also be adapted to a numerical simulation code. As an example this technique is applied to a general finite difference code used for predicting three-dimensional turbulent recirculating flows. Here the equations for velocities and continuity are solved using the algorithm called SIMPLE, which stands for semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations. Physical modelling of turbulence is taken care of by means of kinetic energy and turbulence dissipation rate equations. The objective is to optimize the underrelaxation factors of primary and secondary flow variables so that the number of iterations required for convergence is minimum. This is done by the orthogonal array technique (a particular type of design-of-experiment technique). The geometry considered for this purpose is that of a simple gas turbine can combustor and the study is restricted to the isothermal non-reacting condition. Tests are carried out on three different grid configurations. In each case the underrelaxation factor for velocities contributed most to speed up the rate of convergence. Also, for each grid configuration the underrelaxation factor settings for minimum iterations for convergence was found to be same. Hence it is proposed that when doing grid independence tests for any similar flow situation, all the underrelaxation factors could be optimized on coarse grids.     

概率约束评估的功能度量法的混沌控制

功能度量法是基于可靠度的结构优化设计中评估概率约束的一种方法,其改进均值(AMV)迭代格式具有简洁、高效的优点,但对一些非线性功能函数搜索最小功能目标点时可能陷入周期振荡或混沌解,本文利用混沌反馈控制的稳定转换法对功能度量法的AMV迭代格式实施收敛控制.首先展示一些功能函数应用功能度量法AMV格式迭代计算产生了周期解和混沌解现象,并对迭代算法进行了混沌动力学分析.然后利用稳定转换法对功能度量法迭代失败的参数区间进行混沌控制,使嵌入周期和混沌轨道的不稳定不动点稳定化,获得了稳定收敛解,实现了迭代解的周期振荡、分岔和混沌控制.     

水中钢板爆破水介质对装药量的影响

为分析水介质对水中钢板爆破装药量的影响,理论推导了钢板背衬水介质条件下,钢板爆破最小装药量与空气中钢板爆破最小装药量的倍数关系:最小倍数关系为3.76。数值计算了钢板背衬空气介质和背衬水介质情形下钢板爆破的最小装药量,其倍数关系在3.5左右,与理论结果相近,表明钢板背衬水介质或空气介质是决定装药量大小的关键因素。数值计算了装药在空气介质中及水介质中钢板爆破爆轰产物对钢板的冲量大小,结果接近,表明水介质对炸药爆轰产物的约束作用是影响水中钢板装药量的次要因素。     

Solvability of Static Contact Problems with Coulomb Friction for Orthotropic Material

We calculate an exact upper bound for the magnitude of the coefficient of friction that ensures the existence of a solution to a static contact problem with Coulomb friction. The approach is based on a general existence result that is valid under the assumption that the coefficient of friction is bounded by a certain constant depending on the constants in two special trace type estimates for a half space domain. We calculate these constants for orthotropic material and two space dimensions with the help of a representation for a partial Fourier transform of the solution to the corresponding system of elasticity equations. The result is compared to the formula for general anisotropic material. The new bound for orthotropic material is significantly larger than the old one for general material, if the material is close to an isotropic material with Poisson ration greater than zero. For some cases the new bound can be even larger than one.