弹性地基中含孔隙的功能梯度圆锥壳的振动分析

为研究弹性地基中多孔功能梯度材料圆锥壳的振动特性,基于经典薄壳理论建立了弹性地基中含均匀和非均匀分布孔隙的功能梯度材料圆锥薄壳的振动方程,并用伽辽金法求得了自由振动和动力响应的解。通过参数分析讨论了孔隙、弹性地基参数、半锥角等因素对功能梯度圆锥壳自由振动和动力响应的影响。结果表明,弹性地基的压缩和剪切刚度的增大提高了圆锥壳的振动频率而显著减小了动力响应;当半锥角增大时,圆锥壳的动力响应显著增大。与非均匀分布孔隙壳体相比,均匀分布孔隙壳体的自振频率和动力响应随孔隙率的变化更为敏感。     

粘弹性地基上含孔隙的石墨烯增强功能梯度板的振动

为分析粘弹性地基上含孔隙的石墨烯增强功能梯度板的自由和强迫振动特性，基于三参数粘弹性地基模型及复合材料薄板理论，建立了粘弹性地基上含孔隙石墨烯增强功能梯度板的运动方程，用伽辽金法求解其固有频率和动力响应，并通过数值算例分析了粘弹性地基参数、孔隙率、孔隙类型及石墨烯纳米片分布模式、含量等因素对自由振动和动力响应的影响．结果表明，固有频率随着孔隙率的增大非单调变化，孔隙率对固有频率的影响随着地基参数、孔隙类型的不同而不同．另外，在三种孔隙类型中，上下表面层含有最少孔隙数量的板的动挠度最小，且其动挠度随着孔隙率的增大而微弱提高．     

黏弹性地基上功能梯度材料板的振动分析

为研究黏弹性地基上功能梯度材料板的自由和强迫振动特性,基于Reddy高阶剪切变形理论以及由Shen导得的广义Karman型方程,用双重Fourier级数法推导了三参数黏弹性地基上四边简支功能梯度材料板自由振动和动力响应的解析解,计算了各模态自振频率和半波冲击载荷作用下的动力响应,讨论了材料组分指数、黏弹性地基参数、边厚比等因素对自由振动和动力响应的影响.结果表明,黏弹性地基的剪切和压缩刚度显著提升了功能梯度材料板的振动频率,减小了动力响应;另外,地基的黏性对振动频率和动力响应也有一定的影响.     

弹性地基上多孔功能梯度材料矩形板的自由振动与临界屈曲载荷分析

多孔功能梯度材料(FGM)构件的特性与孔隙率和孔隙分布形式有密切关系。本文基于经典板理论,考虑不同孔隙分布形式时修正的混合率模型,研究Winkler弹性地基上四边受压多孔FGM矩形板的自由振动与临界屈曲载荷特性。首先利用Hamilton原理和物理中面的定义推导Winkler弹性地基上四边受压多孔FGM矩形板自由振动的控制微分方程并进行无量纲化,然后应用微分变换法(DTM)对无量纲控制微分方程和边界条件进行变换,得到计算无量纲固有频率和临界屈曲载荷的代数特征方程。将问题退化为孔隙率为零时的FGM矩形板并与已有文献进行对比以验证其有效性。最后计算并分析了梯度指数、孔隙率、地基刚度系数、长宽比、四边受压载荷及边界条件对多孔FGM矩形板无量纲固有频率的影响以及各参数对无量纲临界屈曲载荷的影响。     

非线性Winkler地基上矩形薄板在移动荷载作用下的非线性动力分析

分析了非线性Winkler地基上矩形薄板在车辆移动荷载作用下的非线性动力特性。考虑地基反力的存在,基于Hamilton能量变分原理,建立了车辆、板、地基耦合系统非线性振动的控制微分方程;并将方程进行了量纲归一化处理,构造了满足周边自由矩形薄板全部边界条件的试探函数;运用伽辽金法和谐波平衡法对耦合系统控制方程进行了求解,讨论了板参数、地基参数、车辆系统参数等变化对耦合系统板振动幅频曲线的影响。结果表明:该耦合系统振动的频率都随板振幅的增大而增大;当板振动的幅值一定时,系统振动频率随着板厚、地基反应模量、车辆运行速度、车体刚度的增大而增大,但随着车体质量的增大而减小。因此,适当增加地基的反应模量可优化地基板的振动,并且从行车舒适性角度考虑,适当控制车速和车体刚度是有益的。     

S-FGM板的声振耦合特性研究

基于一阶剪切变形理论提出S-FGM板的位移场,根据Hamilton原理,利用Navier法推导出S-FGM板的运动方程;求解了S-FGM板的固有频率,并与有限元自由振动仿真结果对比;而后根据流固耦合条件,建立起声振耦合方程,求解出隔声量理论解,并与声学仿真结果进行了对比;在验证声振耦合理论模型的合理性后,讨论了材料的体积分数指数、板的厚度对隔声特性的影响。结果表明:当体积分数指数变大,基频呈递减趋势,但不明显;改变体积分数对振动及隔声性能影响较小;当板件厚度的增大时,基频呈递增趋势,其峰谷处隔声量数值更大,隔声效果变好。     

ANALYSIS OF GROUND VIBRATION CONTROL BY GRADED WAVE IMPEDING BLOCK

波阻板（wave impeding block,WIB）隔振体系是一种有效的振动污染治理措施,虽逐渐被应用在工程实际中,但以往的研究多集中于单相固体均质材料的情形,而对材料特性沿空间连续变化的非均匀固体材料的波阻板隔振性能的研究相对较少.基于功能梯度材料（functionally graded material,FGM）特点,本文提出了以功能梯度波阻板作为隔振屏障的一类新型的地基振动控制体系.考虑在弹性地基内部设置梯度波阻板,基于线弹性理论,利用傅里叶积分变换,根据Helmholtz矢量分解原理,建立了弹性地基在动载荷作用下的回传射线矩阵法（reverberation ray matrix method,RRMM）计算列式.假设梯度波阻板的物理力学性质沿深度方向按幂函数连续变化,采用数值傅里叶逆变换获得了弹性地基的位移和应力等物理量的数值解.通过数值算例,与单相固体均质波阻板进行了对比,并分析讨论了梯度波阻板的材料梯度因子、埋深以及梯度波阻板厚度等物理力学参数对地基隔振性能的影响规律.结果表明,梯度波阻板能有效降低振动的振幅,与单相固体均质波阻板相比,梯度波阻板具有更好的减振隔振效果.地基的位移幅值和应力幅值随着梯度因子的增大而减小.梯度波阻板的隔振效果随着波阻板厚度的增大而提高,而随着梯度波阻板埋深的增大而降低.     

梯度波阻板的地基振动控制研究

波阻板(wave impeding block,WIB)隔振体系是一种有效的振动污染治理措施,虽逐渐被应用在工程实际中,但以往的研究多集中于单相固体均质材料的情形,而对材料特性沿空间连续变化的非均匀固体材料的波阻板隔振性能的研究相对较少.基于功能梯度材料(functionally graded material,FGM)特点,本文提出了以功能梯度波阻板作为隔振屏障的一类新型的地基振动控制体系.考虑在弹性地基内部设置梯度波阻板,基于线弹性理论,利用傅里叶积分变换,根据Helmholtz矢量分解原理,建立了弹性地基在动载荷作用下的回传射线矩阵法(reverberation ray matrix method,RRMM)计算列式.假设梯度波阻板的物理力学性质沿深度方向按幂函数连续变化,采用数值傅里叶逆变换获得了弹性地基的位移和应力等物理量的数值解.通过数值算例,与单相固体均质波阻板进行了对比,并分析讨论了梯度波阻板的材料梯度因子、埋深以及梯度波阻板厚度等物理力学参数对地基隔振性能的影响规律.结果表明,梯度波阻板能有效降低振动的振幅,与单相固体均质波阻板相比,梯度波阻板具有更好的减振隔振效果.地基的位移幅值和应力幅值随着梯度因子的增大而减小.梯度波阻板的隔振效果随着波阻板厚度的增大而提高,而随着梯度波阻板埋深的增大而降低.     

基于辛方法的功能梯度圆柱壳振动特性分析

基于辛方法分析了功能梯度圆柱壳的自由振动特性。从薄壳理论和功能梯度材料特性出发,得到了功能梯度圆柱壳自由振动时的拉格朗日密度函数。引入对偶变量,经哈密顿正则变换,导出了功能梯度圆柱壳自由振动的哈密顿正则方程,将问题转化为求解哈密顿矩阵的辛本征值问题,得到了两端固支和两端简支两种边界条件下功能梯度圆柱壳的量纲为一的固有频率。数值结果表明:简支和固支两种边界条件下功能梯度圆柱壳的量纲为一的固有频率随体积分数、厚径比、环向波数的变化规律基本相同,但在数值上略有差别;量纲为一的固有频率随环向波数的增大呈现先减小后增大的现象,随厚径比的增大而增大,随材料体积分数的增大而逐渐减小。     

孔隙率各向异性下饱和多孔弹性地基动力响应

由于不同的沉积条件和应力状态, 天然土体通常表现出一定的各向异性特征. 文章研究地基上表面受温度载荷和机械载荷时, 孔隙率各向异性参数变化对饱和多孔弹性地基热-水-力耦合动力响应问题的影响. 基于Lord-Shulman广义热弹性理论, 结合孔隙率各向异性基本假设, 建立了孔隙率各向异性饱和多孔弹性地基热-水-力耦合动力响应模型, 利用正则模态法推导出无量纲竖向位移、超孔隙水压力、竖向应力和温度分布的解析表达式并加以图示. 正则模态法是一种利用加权残差求得解析解的方法, 相较于其他方法能快速求解偏微分方程. 当孔隙率各向异性参数为1时, 可将该各向异性耦合动力响应模型退化为热-水-力耦合动力响应模型验证该地基模型的合理性. 着重分析了孔隙率各向异性参数变化对不同物理量的影响. 结果表明: 孔隙率各向异性参数变化对物理量均有一定影响. 在地基上表面受温度载荷作用时, 对超孔隙水压力和竖向应力影响最为明显; 在地基上表面受机械载荷作用时, 对超孔隙水压力和温度影响明显. 整体而言, 无论地基上表面受何种载荷, 随着各向异性参数增大, 峰值逐渐减小, 在地基深度增加方向峰值所在位置向靠近地基上表面方向移动.      

梯度弹性基础上正交异性薄板的弯曲

基于能量法和变分原理,采用双参数弹性基础模型,研究了梯度弹性基础上正交异性薄板在分布载荷作用下的弯曲问题。首先,根据能量法与变分原理,给出了梯度弹性基础上正交异性薄板的弯曲微分平衡方程,并得到了梯度弹性基础刚度系数 与 的计算表达式;进而,假设 向正应力在厚度方向上均匀分布,推导了弹性基础 向位移衰减函数 的计算式。在算例中,通过将梯度弹性基础退化为均质基础,并与Vlazov模型对比,证明了本文理论的正确性;最后,求解了弹性模量呈幂律分布的梯度基础上薄板的挠度分布,分析了基础上下表层材料弹性模量比 与体积分数指数 对薄板挠度分布的影响。     

A novel 2-D six-parameter power-law distribution for three-dimensional dynamic analysis of thick multi-directional functionally graded rectangular plates resting on a two-parameter elastic foundation

This paper is motivated by the lack of studies in the technical literature concerning to the three-dimensional vibration analysis of bi-directional FG rectangular plates resting on two-parameter elastic foundations. The formulations are based on the three-dimensional elasticity theory. The proposed rectangular plates have two opposite edges simply supported, while all possible combinations of free, simply supported and clamped boundary conditions are applied to the other two edges. This paper presents a novel 2-D six-parameter power-law distribution for ceramic volume fraction of 2-D FGM that gives designers a powerful tool for flexible designing of structures under multi-functional requirements. Various material profiles along the thickness and in the in-plane directions are illustrated using the 2-D power-law distribution. The effective material properties at a point are determined in terms of the local volume fractions and the material properties by the Mori-Tanaka scheme. The 2-D differential quadrature method as an efficient and accurate numerical tool is used to discretize the governing equations and to implement the boundary conditions. The convergence of the method is demonstrated and to validate the results, comparisons are made between the present results and results reported by well-known references for special cases treated before, have confirmed accuracy and efficiency of the present approach. Some new results for natural frequencies of the plates are prepared, which include the effects of elastic coefficients of foundation, boundary conditions, material and geometrical parameters. The interesting results indicate that a graded ceramic volume fraction in two directions has a higher capability to reduce the natural frequency than conventional 1-D FGM.     

Semi-analytical solution for three-dimensional vibration of thick continuous grading fiber reinforced (CGFR) annular plates on Pasternak elastic foundations with arbitrary boundary conditions on their circular edges

In this paper free vibration of continuous grading fiber reinforced (CGFR) annular plates on an elastic foundation, based on the three-dimensional theory of elasticity, for different boundary conditions at the circular edges is investigated. The foundation is described by the Pasternak or two-parameter model. The CGFR annular plates have an arbitrary variation of fiber volume fraction in the thickness direction. A semi-analytical approach composed of differential quadrature method (DQM) and series solution is adopted to solve the equations of motion. The fast rate of convergence of the method is demonstrated and comparison studies are carried out to establish its very high accuracy and versatility. Some new results for the natural frequencies of the plate are prepared, which include the effects of elastic coefficients of foundation, boundary conditions, material and geometrical parameters. Besides, results for CGFR plate with arbitrary variation of fiber volume fraction in the thickness direction of the plate are compared with discrete laminated composite plate. The main contribution of this work is to present useful results for continuous grading of fiber reinforcement in the thickness direction of a plate on an elastic foundation and comparison with similar discrete laminated composite plate. The interesting and new results show that non-dimensional natural frequency parameters of a functionally graded fiber volume fraction is larger than that of a discrete laminated and close to that of a 2-layer. The new results can be taken as the benchmark solutions for those from numerical methods and future researches.     

梯度弹性基础上正交异性薄板的屈曲分析

基于双参数弹性基础模型,研究了梯度弹性基础上正交异性薄板的屈曲问题. 首先,基于能量法与变分原理,给出了梯度弹性基础上正交异性薄板的屈曲控制方程,并得到了梯度弹性基础刚度系数K₁ 与K₂的计算式;进而,通过将位移函数采用三角函数展开的方法,给出了单向压缩载荷作用下、四边简支正交异性弹性基础板屈曲载荷的计算式;在算例中,通过将该文的解退化到单纯的正交异性板,并与经典弹性解比较,证明了理论的正确性;最后,求解了弹性模量在厚度方向上呈幂律分布的梯度基础上的薄板屈曲问题,分析了基础上下表层材料弹性模量比与体积分数指数对屈曲载荷的影响.     

非均匀Winkler弹性地基上变厚度矩形板自由振动的DTM求解

针对非均匀Winkler弹性地基上变厚度矩形板的自由振动问题,通过一种有效的数值求解方法——微分变换法（DTM）,研究其无量纲固有频率特性。已知变厚度矩形板对边为简支边界条件,其他两边的边界条件为简支、固定或自由任意组合。采用DTM将非均匀Winkler弹性地基上变厚度矩形板无量纲化的自由振动控制微分方程及其边界条件变换为等价的代数方程,得到含有无量纲固有频率的特征方程。数值结果退化为均匀Winker弹性地基上矩形板以及变厚度矩形板的情形,并与已有文献采用的不同求解方法进行比较,结果表明,DTM具有非常高的精度和很强的适用性。最后,在不同边界条件下分析地基变化参数、厚度变化参数和长宽比对矩形板无量纲固有频率的影响,并给出了非均匀Winkler弹性地基上对边简支对边固定变厚度矩形板的前六阶振型。     

Nonlinear dynamic response of nanotube-reinforced composite plates resting on elastic foundations in thermal environments

This paper presents an investigation on the nonlinear dynamic response of carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (CNTRC) plates resting on elastic foundations in thermal environments. Two configurations, i.e., single-layer CNTRC plate and three-layer plate that is composed of a homogeneous core layer and two CNTRC surface sheets, are considered. The single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) reinforcement is either uniformly distributed (UD) or functionally graded (FG) in the thickness direction. The material properties of FG-CNTRC plates are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction, and are estimated through a micromechanical model. The motion equations are based on a higher-order shear deformation theory with a von Kármán-type of kinematic nonlinearity. The thermal effects are also included and the material properties of CNTRCs are assumed to be temperature-dependent. The equations of motion that includes plate-foundation interaction are solved by a two-step perturbation technique. Two cases of the in-plane boundary conditions are considered. Initial stresses caused by thermal loads or in-plane edge loads are introduced. The effects of material property gradient, the volume fraction distribution, the foundation stiffness, the temperature change, the initial stress, and the core-to-face sheet thickness ratio on the dynamic response of CNTRC plates are discussed in detail through a parametric study.     

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of moving bilayer plates resting on elastic foundations

The aim of this study is to investigate the dynamic response of axially moving two-layer laminated plates on the Winkler and Pasternak foundations. The upper and lower layers are formed from a bidirectional functionally graded(FG) layer and a graphene platelet(GPL) reinforced porous layer, respectively. Henceforth, the combined layers will be referred to as a two-dimensional(2D) FG/GPL plate. Two types of porosity and three graphene dispersion patterns, each of which is distributed through the plate thickness,are investigated. The mechanical properties of the closed-cell layers are used to define the variation of Poisson's ratio and the relationship between the porosity coefficients and the mass density. For the GPL reinforced layer, the effective Young's modulus is derived with the Halpin-Tsai micro-system model, and the rule of mixtures is used to calculate the effective mass density and Poisson's ratio. The material of the upper 2D-FG layer is graded in two directions, and its effective mechanical properties are also derived with the rule of mixtures. The dynamic governing equations are derived with a first-order shear deformation theory(FSDT) and the von Kármán nonlinear theory. A combination of the dynamic relaxation(DR) and Newmark's direct integration methods is used to solve the governing equations in both time and space. A parametric study is carried out to explore the effects of the porosity coefficients, porosity and GPL distributions, material gradients, damping ratios, boundary conditions, and elastic foundation stiffnesses on the plate response. It is shown that both the distributions of the porosity and graphene nanofillers significantly affect the dynamic behaviors of the plates. It is also shown that the reduction in the dynamic deflection of the bilayer composite plates is maximized when the porosity and GPL distributions are symmetric.