用PIV测试涡旋波流场的速度和剪应力分布

采用PIV瞬态流场测试技术,对二维槽道中的涡旋波流场不同相位上的速度分布和应力分布进行了测试和计算,本文定量地描述了槽道中涡旋波的形成过程及发展规律。通过调整振荡流的振幅和活塞行程,分析了Re数和Sr数对涡旋波流动的影响,得出了槽道内剪应力的分布状况以及平均剪切应力的周期性变化规律。深入分析了涡旋波流场强化传递现象的本质。     

应用PIV技术测试涡旋波流场

涡旋波流动作为一种特殊的流动现象,可以使流体在相对较宽的槽道中产生较强的波动和对流混合,从而在小Re数条件下起到强化传质的效果。本文利用PIV流场显示技术,对振荡流在非对称槽道中所形成的涡旋波的产生机理和发展规律进行了实验研究和定量分析,测得了涡旋波流场的速度矢量图,阐明了涡旋波流场周期性变化的特点。分析了Re数和St数对涡旋波流动的影响,并得出了旋涡涡心位置以及涡心处涡量的动态变化规律。     

槽道内涡波流场的POD分析

对槽道内涡波流场的瞬态速度矢量场进行了2DPIV测量实验,将2DPIV测量的矢量场数据进行POD分析,根据POD分解的各阶模态的能量比确定了表征涡波流场主导结构的前15阶模态。结果表明,POD分解的前15阶模态发现槽道内涡波流场是由槽道壁面剪切层诱导的涡列以及伴随的波状主流组成;流场中大尺度的涡旋发展为涡对,对波状主流的脉动频率产生影响;根据涡波流场中的驻点和鞍点,获取了流场的大尺度涡对、平均流场以及Helmholtz涡环等明显特征;最后根据POD分解的前15阶模态对槽道内涡波流场进行重组,重组流场表征了槽道内层流状态下波状主流的形态和涡旋共存的涡波结构以及驻点和鞍点的位置处涡旋的变化等主要特征,有效地剔除了PIV测量流场中的随机信息,保留了PIV测量流场的主导特征。     

槽道内涡波流场的POD分析

对槽道内涡波流场的瞬态速度矢量场进行了2DPIV测量实验，将2DPIV测量的矢量场数据进行POD分析，根据POD分解的各阶模态的能量比确定了表征涡波流场主导结构的前15阶模态。结果表明，POD分解的前15阶模态发现槽道内涡波流场是由槽道壁面剪切层诱导的涡列以及伴随的波状主流组成；流场中大尺度的涡旋发展为涡对，对波状主流的脉动频率产生影响；根据涡波流场中的驻点和鞍点，获取了流场的大尺度涡对、平均流场以及Helmholtz涡环等明显特征；最后根据POD分解的前15阶模态对槽道内涡波流场进行重组，重组流场表征了槽道内层流状态下波状主流的形态和涡旋共存的涡波结构以及驻点和鞍点的位置处涡旋的变化等主要特征，有效地剔除了PIV测量流场中的随机信息，保留了PIV测量流场的主导特征。     

碳纳米管增强Nb-Si基复合材料界面应力传递的研究

基于均匀化理论,建立了碳纳米管增强Nb-Si基复合材料的代表体积元模型,并采用剪切滞后模型对碳纳米管增强Nb-Si基复合材料界面上的应力分布和传递机制进行了研究,探讨了分子间作用力、杨氏模量比β、长径比α、体积分数?等对其应力分布和传递机制的影响。结果表明,复合材料界面应力分布的变化主要集中在碳纳米管的两端,最大的应力都是分布在加载端或拔出端,然后向另一端传递;分子间作用力、杨氏模量比、长径比、体积分数等参数对界面应力的传递均有一定的影响,其中长径比和体积分数的影响最明显,体积分数为0.02时拔出端的界面剪切应力值相对于体积分数为0.0025时增大幅度达到近7倍,而长径比从200减小到50时,其应力传递距离增大了近8倍。     

非对称槽道中涡旋波的特性研究

利用PIV流场显示技术，对振荡流体在非对称槽道中涡旋波的产生、发展和消失的规律进 行了实验研究和分析，测得了涡旋波流场的速度矢量图，阐明了涡旋波流场周期性变化的特 点. 结合涡动力学方程，深入分析并揭示了做周期性运动的流体能在槽道中产生波的特性这 一规律，从中发现：流体周期变化的非定常性和不对称的槽道结构是形成涡旋波流动的主要 因素. 本文对涡旋波流场中各个旋涡的速度分布和涡量进行了测量和计算，分析了涡旋波 强化传质的机理，并研究了Re数对涡旋波流动的影响     

二维后向台阶流流动特性的实验研究

利用PIV技术,通过系统对150相似文献   

低Reynolds数NACA0012翼型绕流的流动特性分析

在水槽中应用PIV测速技术研究了NACA0012翼型在Reynolds数为8200时的流动特性,重点关注了翼型绕流结构中主频和扰动增长速率随迎角的变化。结果表明,分离剪切层的扰动增长符合指数规律;且随着迎角的增大,转捩过程加速,表现为扰动增长率逐渐增大,转捩的起始位置逐渐向上游移动。在所有实验迎角情况下,流场均由脱落旋涡主导,但其主导作用随着迎角的增大而削弱。     

大尺寸液桥热毛细对流失稳性地面实验研究

开展大尺寸液桥浮力-热毛细对流地面实验, 探究流场转捩的临界条件及临界状态附近的流动情况. 通过粒子图像测速方法(PIV) 获得流体速度场, 研究液桥内部定常和转捩后的流场结构以及流体运动规律;并用红外热像仪测量液桥自由面温度分布, 研究流体流动的时空演化和温度振荡. 实验发现大尺寸半浮区液桥浮力-热毛细对流临界值与几何参数有关, 在大普朗特(Prandtl) 数情况下, 流场存在由稳定态向不稳定态再到混沌的转捩过程, 在临界马兰哥尼(Marangoni) 数附近, 流场内会出现行波现象, 流动模式也会随高径比的变化而发生变化;当继续增大马兰哥尼数, 流动会进入混沌状态.      

各种间隙比下水平圆柱绕流特性的实验研究

采用粒子图像测速仪(PIV)和超声测速仪(ADV)系统,对间隙比G为0.0~7.0(即为圆柱与底壁相接触时至圆柱与水面相接触时)浅水横流水平圆柱绕流流动进行了系统实验研究。根据所测结果,讨论了在各种间隙比情况下圆柱上、下游的紊动强度、雷诺应力沿水深的分布规律;分析了在各种间隙比情况下旋涡的生成、发展和演化的现象和规律;分析了瞬时数据时均化后的时均流场结构特性;比较了瞬时流场和时均流场的特点及差别。本文成果对具有类似流动特点的工程问题具有指导意义。     

一种基于直接计算高阶奇异积分的断裂力学双边界积分方程分析法

相对于有限元法,边界单元法在求解断裂问题上有着独特的优势,现有的边界单元法中主要有子区域法和双边界积分方程法.采用一种改进的双边界积分方程法求解二维、三维断裂问题的应力强度因子,对非裂纹边界采用传统的位移边界积分方程,只需对裂纹面中的一面采用面力边界积分方程,并以裂纹间断位移为未知量直接用于计算应力强度因子.采用一种高阶奇异积分的直接法计算面力边界积分方程中的超强奇异积分;对于裂纹尖端单元,提供了三种不同形式的间断位移插值函数,采用两点公式计算应力强度因子.给出了多个具体的算例,与现存的精确解或参考解对比,可得到高精度的计算结果.      

汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡 碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析

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2008年5月12日,汶川M80地震在四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟内诱发一巨型滑坡。通过现场调查得知,滑坡前后缘高差455m,厚度20～30m,滑面为基岩层面,初始方量2750×107m3。滑体在运动中转化为碎屑流。滑坡-碎屑流总的水平运动距离为4022m,垂直运动距离为1443m,遗留的堆积物体积达5×107m3。滑坡距映秀—北川断裂仅36km,位于其下盘,地震烈度达XI度。滑坡导致文家沟中48人遇害,并形成一条完整的地震次生地质灾害链。初步分析表明滑坡启动速度快,滑坡向碎屑流转化过程明显、地点明确。碎屑流运动过程复杂,伴有强烈的“气垫效应”和“前缘气浪冲击效应”。作者认为,文家沟滑坡的高启动速度是长持时强烈地震动作用的结果,与山体的猛烈碰撞是导致滑体解体并转化为碎屑流的原因。     

Preface: Orbits around asteroid

One of the core issues in modern celestial mechanics is the orbital dynamics in the near-regime gravitational field of as- teroids, which provides deep insights into the mathematical nature of a class of nonlinear systems, and plays as a critical basis for in situ explorations of different science goals. Lots of efforts have been made to reveal the characteristics of orbital motion in the vicinity of asteroids, and to improve the skills of asteroid research in methodology.     

Effet de l'anisotropie élastique cristalline sur la distribution des facteurs de Schmid à la surface des polycristauxInfluence of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals

Experimental studies of the plasticity mechanisms of polycrystals are usually based on the Schmid factor distribution supposing crystalline elasticity isotropy. A numerical evaluation of the effect of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on the apparent Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals is presented. Cubic elasticity is considered. Order II stresses (averaged on all grains with the same crystallographic orientation) as well as variations between averages computed on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are computed. The Finite Element Method is used. Commonly studied metals presenting an increasing anisotropy degree are considered (aluminium, nickel, austenite, copper). Concerning order II stresses in strongly anisotropic metals, the apparent Schmid factor distribution is drifted towards small Schmid factor values (the maximum Schmid factor is equal to 0.43 instead of 0.5) and the slip activation order between characteristic orientations of the crystallographic standard triangle is modified. The computed square deviations of the stresses averaged on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are a bit higher than the second order ones (inter-orientation scatter). Our numerical evaluations agree quantitatively with several observations and measures of the literature concerning stress and strain distribution in copper and austenite polycrystals submitted to low amplitude loadings. Hopefully, the given apparent Schmid factor distributions could help to better understand the observations of the plasticity mechanisms taking place at the free surface of polycrystals. To cite this article: M. Sauzay, C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Nonlinear behavior of matrix-inclusion composites under high confining pressure: application to concrete and mortar

This paper is devoted to a micromechanics-based simulation of the response of concrete to hydrostatic and oedometric compressions. Concrete is described as a composite made up of a cement matrix in which rigid inclusions are embedded. The focus is put on the role of the interface between matrix and inclusion which represent the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). A plastic behavior is considered for both the matrix and the interfaces. The effective response of the composite is derived from the modified secant method adapted to the situation of imperfect interfaces. To cite this article: T.H. Le et al., C. R. Mecanique 336 (2008).     

Dynamics and Breakup of Viscoelastic Liquids (A Review)

The phenomena of hydrodynamic breakup of liquid jets, drops, films, bridges, and filaments are reviewed for liquids with viscoelastic properties. The reasons for breakup are capillary instabilities, collisions with rigid obstacles, and other forms of dynamic action. The relationship between the properties of the liquids and the features of the breakup process is discussed.     

Flow stability analysis and excitation using pulsating jets

Classical flow stability applied to transition from laminar to turbulent flow may also describe the behavior of vorticity fluctuations created by a pulsating jet placed along a solid boundary. A numerical laminar flow experiment involving a pulsating jet placed along the surface of a duct with flow separation downstream, resulted in eliminating most part of the separated flow region. Applying the same approach to a turbulent flow, it was possible to develop a turbulent stability flow formulation and apply successfully turbulent pulsating jet flow separation control. To cite this article: D. Skamnakis, K. Papailiou, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).