轴向冲击载荷作用下直杆弹性动态屈曲的研究

本文利用分叉的概念,从应力波理论出发,把轴向冲击载荷作用下直杆的弹性动态屈曲问题化为特征值问题,从而导出直杆动态屈曲的临界分叉准则。同时,本文对一端固支直杆受轴向冲击时的弹性屈曲问题进行了实验研究,测到的临界屈曲时间和理论预计值基本符合,证实了理论模型的合理性.理论和实验两方面的结果都表明,直杆受轴向冲击载荷作用时的屈曲现象发生在波动过程的前期,因此在处理这类问题时考虑波动效应是必要的。     

弹性圆柱壳在轴向应力波传播过程中的非对称屈曲

讨论弹性圆柱壳端部受冲击载荷作用，在应力波传播过程中的非对称屈曲问题。通过求解扰动方程得到了动态屈曲的分叉条件、临界载荷和屈曲模态。数值结果表明，当壳壁厚不很薄时，轴对称屈曲临界载荷比非对称临界载荷高；反之，轴对称临界载荷会比非对称临界载荷低。不同的冲击载荷，屈曲模态也将不同。     

轴向可压缩压杆的压缩失稳实验研究

用受压变形明显的聚胺脂胶棒进行了两端铰支的压缩失稳试验。为减少铰支处的摩擦力,在胶棒的两端铰支处安装了直线轴承。试验中观察到了Euler压杆理论所不包括的一些失稳现象,如：仍然在线弹性变形范围内的压杆,没有像Euler压杆理论预测的那样发生屈曲;在较高的临界载荷作用下,柔度较小的压杆发生了亚临界屈曲,所产生的弯矩是突然失稳弯曲的杆件不能承受的,于是杆件突然卸载。另外,大柔度压杆的超临界屈曲,即类似Euler压杆的屈曲现象也被观察到了。这些实验结果与轴向可压缩压杆失稳理论所预测的相符。     

受轴向冲击有限长弹性直杆中应力波引起的分叉问题

研究了有限长理想直杆受阶跃载荷作用的弹性动力屈曲问题。将直杆的屈问题归结为由轴向应力波传播而导致的杆的分叉问题，并考虑了应力波反射的影响。给出了分叉发生的临界条件并对具体实例进行了计算。最后对阶跃载荷及脉冲载荷对杆的动力屈曲的影响进行了讨论。     

弹性压应力波下直杆动力失稳的机理和判据

基于应力波理论和失稳瞬间能量的转换和守恒,导出了一个直杆动力分岔失稳的准则:(1)直杆在发生分岔失稳的瞬间所释放出的压缩变形能等于屈曲所需变形能与屈曲动能之和;(2)在上述能量转换过程中,能量对时间的变化率服从守恒定律.应用临界条件(1)推导出的直杆动力失稳的控制方程和杆端边界条件以及连续条件,与应用哈密顿原理推导的结果完全相同,但不足以构成求解直杆动力失稳问题的完备定解条件.应用临界条件(2)导出压缩波前的附加约束方程.由此得出该问题的完备定解条件,导出包含两个特征参数的一对特征方程.从而建立了求解直杆动力失稳模态和两个特征参数(临界力参数和失稳惯性项指数参数即动力特征参数)的较严密理论方法.     

弹性压应力波下直杆动力失稳的机理的判据

基于应力波理论和失稳瞬间能量的转换和守恒,导出了一个直杆动力分岔失稳的准则：（1）直杆在发生分岔失稳的瞬间所释放出的压缩变形能等于屈曲所需变形能与屈曲动能之和;（2）在上述能量转换过程中,能量对时间的变化率服从守恒定律。应用临界条件（1）推导出的直杆动力失稳的控制方程和杆端边界条件以及连续条件,与应用哈密顿原理推导的结果完全相同,但不足以构成求解直杆动力失稳问题的完备定解条件,导出包含两个特征参数的一对特征方程。从而建立了求解直杆动力失稳模态和两个特征参数（临界力参数和失稳惯性项指数参数即动力特征参数）的较严密理论方法。     

弹性直杆动态屈曲与后屈曲的实验研究

对传统的霍普金森压杆装置（ＳＨＰＢ）进行改进，用于研究弹性直杆的动态屈曲与后屈曲，并且分析了影响实验精度的因素。实验结果表明，在轴向应力波作用下弹性直杆的动态屈曲临界载荷明显高于静态的，并且在屈曲发生后，在直杆中有弯曲波产生，其波速大约为弹性剪切波的波速。     

冲击载荷作用下矩形薄板的弹性动力屈曲

为了研究冲击载荷作用下考虑应力波效应弹性矩形薄板的动力屈曲,根据动力屈曲发生瞬间的能量转换和守恒准则,导出板的屈曲控制方程和波阵面上的补充约束条件,真实的屈曲位移应同时满足控制方程和波阵面上的附加约束条件。满足上述条件,建立了该问题的完整数值解法,对屈曲过程中冲击载荷、屈曲模态和临界屈曲长度之间的关系进行研究,定量计算了横向惯性效应对提高薄板动力屈曲临界应力的贡献。研究表明:板的厚宽比一定时,临界屈曲长度随冲击载荷的增大而减小;由于屈曲时的横向惯性效应,应力波作用下薄板一阶临界力参数是相应边界板的静力失稳临界力参数的1.5倍;随着边界约束逐渐减弱,板临界力参数逐渐减小,动力特征参数逐渐增大。     

初曲矩形薄板的非线性动力屈曲研究

对两参数冲击载荷面内压缩作用下初曲矩形薄板的非线性动力屈曲问题进行了理论研究。首先采用双重余弦函数的组合确定了面内冲击矩形薄板的艾雷应力函数和中面力的分布；其次根据伽辽金法求得了初曲矩形薄板非线性动力屈曲问题的控制方程，基于巴拿赫压缩映象原理，采用逐次逼近方法求解了该控制方程。最后，应用本文发展的理论，给出了面内两参数冲击载荷作用下初曲矩形薄板动力屈曲响应的计算实例，计算结果与已有的实验结果较吻合     

刚性块轴向撞击杆的弹塑性动力屈曲

用特征线法分析了刚性块轴向撞击弹塑性直杆时应力波传播的全过程,得到了杆冲击端与固定端应力的变化规律及刚性块与杆首次分离的时间．基于能量原理,考虑了弹塑性应力波的传播与反射,建立了弹塑性杆在刚性块轴向撞击下的横向扰动方程,给出了问题的级数解,由解的稳定性得到了发生屈曲时的临界条件;通过数值计算和分析,给出了临界速度与冲击质量、线性强化模量及临界时间间的关系．     

THE DETERMINATION OF BUCKLING POINT AND CRITICAL LOAD OF COMPRESSIVE MEMBER

为了分析压杆失稳的临界力与失稳后杆件屈服形态的关系,在理论推导和试验研究的基础上,提出了通过捕捉细长压杆失稳时的失稳点来确定压杆临界力的分析方法,通过测量细长压杆失稳时微弯状态下杆端的纵向位移,求得临界压力的大小. 文中将该方法的实验结果与直接用欧拉公式计算的临界压力进行了比较,结果表明,考虑细长压杆微弯状态时杆端的纵向位移所得到的失稳的临界压力值大于利用欧拉公式计算的临界压力值.     

变截面压杆稳定非线性微分方程边值问题的最优化算法研究

针对任意约束类型的变截面受压杆件的稳定临界载荷计算问题,结合非线性微分方程数值算法和最优化方法,以起点边界的初始条件、待求临界荷载和附加约束力为设计变量;以终点边值条件满足的函数关系与位型条件构建目标函数,提出变截面压杆临界载荷和稳定位型的优化求解算法。应用VB编制通用的优化计算程序,分析了典型算例;通过对比发现,本文以较少设计变量实现了临界载荷的高精度计算,为工程应用提供参考。     

对桁架结构稳定分析经典理论的讨论

通过算例讨论了桁架结构稳定分析的经典理论,指出用该理论算出的临界荷载远远大于屈曲临界荷载,而且压杆的应力远远超过压缩强度极限。文中分析了问题的来源,提出了桁架结构临界荷载的屈曲理论计算方法,通过比较说明了屈曲理论的正确性。     

Nondestructive shell-stability estimation by a combined-loading technique

Accurate nondestructive procedures for cylindrical-shell-stability investigations have long been a goal of experimentalists and practicing engineers. Stability criteria based on stress and deflection have been investigated intensively by researchers, but lateral-stiffness variation has been largely ignored. It is this aspect which is the foundation of the present work. The variation of specimen lateral stiffness with compressive axial loading is studied experimentally and it is demonstrated that buckling loads can be predicted for monocoque shells from such data. A study of the initial specimen geometry is presented and an evaluation is made of its effect on the distribution of stiffness at zero axial load. When the lateral test force used to termine the stiffness is considered as a destabilizing load in combination with the axial compression, it is shown that critical values of the force can be estimated by the “Southwell plat” procedure. These critical forces can be correlated with axial load and extrapolated to yield an accurate estimate of the buckling load. The approach greatly reduces the compressive load necessary for stability predictions over that required for other techniques.     

横向载荷作用下轴向运动梁的屈曲失稳以及非线性振动特性

梁的轴向运动会诱发其产生横向振动并可能导致屈曲失稳,对结构的安全性和可靠性产生重大的影响。本文重点研究了横向载荷作用下轴向运动梁的屈曲失稳及横向非线性振动特性。基于Hamilton变分原理,建立了横向载荷作用下轴向运动梁的动力学方程,获得了梁的后屈曲构型。使用截断Galerkin法,将控制方程改写成Duffing方程的形式。用同伦分析方法确定载荷作用下轴向运动梁的非线性受迫振动的封闭形式的表达式。结果表明,后屈曲构型对轴向速度和初始轴向应力有明显的依赖性。通过同伦分析法得出非线性基频的显式表达式,获得了初始轴向力会影响非线性频率随初始振幅和轴向速度的线性关系。另外,轴向外激励的方向也会改变系统固有频率。     

Axisymmetric compressive buckling of multi-walled carbon nanotubes under different boundary conditions

The paper studies the axisymmetric compressive buckling behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) under different boundary conditions based on continuum mechanics model. A buckling condition is derived for determining the critical buckling load and associated buckling mode of MWNTs, and numerical results are worked out for MWNTs with different aspect ratios under fixed and simply supported boundary conditions. It is shown that the critical buckling load of MWNTs is insensitive to boundary conditions, except for nanotubes with smaller radii and very small aspect ratio. The associated buckling modes for different layers of MWNTs are in-phase, and the buckling displacement ratios for different layers are independent of the boundary conditions and the length of MWNTs. Moreover, for simply supported boundary conditions, the critical buckling load is compared with the corresponding one for axial compressive buckling, which indicates that the critical buckling load for axial compressive buckling can be well approximated by the corresponding one for axisymmetric compressive buckling. In particular, for axial compressive buckling of double-walled carbon nanotubes, an analytical expression is given for approximating the critical buckling load. The present investigation may be of some help in further understanding the mechanical properties of MWNTs.     

ON THE ORIENTATION OF BUCKLING DIRECTION OF ANISOTROPIC ELASTIC PLATE UNDER UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION

The theory of small deformation superimposed on a large deformation of an elastic solid is used to investigate the buckling of anisotropic elastic plate under uniaxial compression. The buckling direction (the direction of buckling wave) is generally not aligned with the compression direction. The equation for determining the buckling direction is obtained. It is found that the out-of-plane buckling of anisotropic elastic plate is possible and both buckling conditions for flexural and extensional modes are presented. As a specific case of buckling of anisotropic elastic plate, the buckling of an orthotropic elastic plate subjected to a compression in a direction that forms an arbitrary angle with an elastic principal axis of the materials is analyzed. It is found that the buckling direction depends on the angle between the compression direction and the principal axis of the materials, the critical compressive force and plate-thickness parameters. In the case that the compression direction is aligned with the principal axis of the materials, the buckling direction will be aligned with the compression one irrespective of critical compressive force and plate-thickness. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 19772032).     

Stability and optimal shape of Pflüger micro/nano beam

This paper deals with optimal shapes against buckling of an elastic nonlocal small-scale Pflüger beams with Eringen’s model for constitutive bending curvature relationship. By use of the Pontryagin’s maximum principle the optimality condition in form of a depressed quartic equation is obtained. The shape of the lightest (having the smallest volume) simply supported beam that will support given uniformly distributed follower type of load and axial compressive force of constant intensity without buckling, is determined numerically. A special attention is paid to the influence of the characteristic small length scale parameter of the nonlocal constitutive law to both critical load and optimal shape of the analyzed beams. For the case when distributed follower type of load is zero, our results reduce to those obtained recently for compressed nonlocal beam. Also the post buckling shape of the optimally shaped rod is studied numerically.