TA2合金激光熔覆钛基自润滑耐磨复合涂层的高温摩擦学性能

为提升TA2合金的摩擦学性能,选用Ti-TiC-WS_2复合粉末在TA2合金表面激光熔覆钛基高温自润滑耐磨复合涂层.系统地分析了涂层的物相、显微组织结构和显微硬度;分别在室温(20℃)、250℃和500℃下测试了基体和涂层的摩擦学性能,并分析了其磨损机理.结果表明:涂层的显微硬度(约HV_(0.5)1 005.4)是基体(HV_(0.5)190)的5倍;由于增强相TiC/(Ti,W)C_(1–x)和自润滑相Ti_2SC/TiS的综合效应,相比基体,复合涂层在所有试验温度下均具有较小的摩擦系数和磨损率;随着温度的升高,涂层的摩擦系数先变小后升高,在250℃下具有最低的摩擦系数(0.257);涂层的磨损率随温度的升高一直降低,在500℃下磨损率最低[0.487×10~(–5) mm~3/(Nm)].     

不同载荷下钛合金激光熔覆Ni60/h-BN自润滑耐磨复合涂层的摩擦学性能

为提高钛合金的摩擦学性能,以金属陶瓷Ni60和固体润滑剂h-BN复合合金粉末为原料,采用激光熔覆技术在钛合金表面制备出了以硬质Ti C、Ti B2、Cr B等为耐磨增强相、以h-BN为固体润滑相的自润滑耐磨复合涂层.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分析了涂层的显微组织结构及物相;在室温条件下分别在不同载荷(2、5和8 N)下以Si3N4陶瓷球为对偶件测试了复合涂层与基体的干滑动磨损性能,并分析了其磨损机理.结果表明:复合涂层的平均硬度为HV0.21 013.75,约是基体(HV0.2360)的3倍,在所有试验载荷下,复合涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率均比基体的低.随着载荷的增加,涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率均先减小后升高,说明涂层在5 N载荷下显示出最好的自润滑和耐磨性能.     

等离子熔敷Cr7C3金属陶瓷增强复合涂层组织与耐磨性研究

利用等离子熔敷技术,以Fe-Cr-C合金粉末为原料在正火态C级钢表面制备出Cr7C3金属陶瓷增强复合涂层,分析了复合涂层的显微组织结构,评价了复合涂层在室温干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性.结果表明:等离子熔敷Cr7C3金属陶瓷增强复合涂层的组织均匀、与基材之间为完全冶金结合,涂层显微组织为规则块状Cr7C3金属陶瓷相均匀分布于Cr7C3与γ-Fe固溶体构成的共晶基体上,其硬度较高;涂层在室温干滑动磨损条件下表现出优异的耐磨性,复合涂层磨损质量损失随载荷增加变化缓慢.     

后热处理对304不锈钢激光熔覆Ni60/h-BN自润滑耐磨复合涂层组织和摩擦学性能的影响

采用激光熔覆技术在304不锈钢表面制备了Ni60/h-BN自润滑耐磨复合涂层,对涂层在600℃(去应力退火)进行1 h和2 h热处理,分析了热处理前后复合涂层的显微组织、硬度和摩擦学性能的变化.结果表明:三种涂层中,热处理1 h后涂层的显微硬度最大(最高值HV0.5765.0),在10 N干摩擦条件下,其摩擦系数为0.39,磨损率为3.37×10~(–6)mm/(Nm),该涂层表现出最好的耐磨减摩性能,磨损机理主要表现为轻微的磨粒磨损;未热处理的涂层摩擦系数为0.53,磨损率为6.39×10~(–6) mm/(Nm),磨损机理主要表现为脆性断裂、黏着磨损和磨粒磨损;热处理2 h后的涂层摩擦系数为0.39,磨损率为5.29×10~(–6)mm/(Nm),磨损机理主要表现为磨粒磨损和轻微黏着磨损.在本文试验条件下,后热处理1 h可有效提高激光熔覆自润滑耐磨涂层的硬度并改善其耐磨减摩性能.     

球形WC增强铁基复合等离子堆焊层的组织与摩擦学性能

为提高304不锈钢的摩擦学性能,将质量分数为30%和60%的球形WC添加到铁基复合粉末,采用等离子堆焊技术在其表面制备了WC增强铁基复合涂层.分析其显微组织结构、物相和显微硬度,在恒定载荷(50 N)和滑动速度(20 mm/s)下进行干摩擦磨损试验,研究其干滑动摩擦学性能.结果表明:富含Cr的固溶强化奥氏体、高硬度的Cr7C3和WC增强相的存在,提高了WC增强铁基堆焊层的硬度,30%WC和60%WC涂层的显微硬度达到HV0.2665和HV0.2724,比铁基涂层提高了21.1%和31.9%,是304基体的3.7和4倍;30%WC和60%WC涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率分别为0.59和2.639×10~(–6) mm~3·N~(–1)·m~(–1),0.42和1.111×10~(–6) mm~3·N~(–1)·m~(–1).30%WC和60%WC涂层均表现出优异的耐磨性能,其磨损机理分别为黏着磨损和二体磨粒磨损的混合机制,和三体磨粒磨损.     

M2钢离子氮化与离子镀TiN复合涂层的高温滑动磨损特性

研究了Ｍ２高速钢基体离子氮化和离子镀ＴｉＮ复合涂层在５００￣７００℃下的高温滑动磨损特性,利用ＸＲＤ分析了涂层的相结构,用划痕法测定了涂层的结合力,并用ＳＥＭ观察分析了涂层磨损表现形貌和磨损机离子氮化与离子镀ＴｉＮ复合涂层的结合力和硬度均高于ＴｉＮ涂层,其高温耐磨性优于ＴｉＮ涂层磨损随温度升高,各涂层的磨损率和摩擦系数均,离子氮化过渡层对ＴｉＮ涂层起到有力的支撑作用,涂层的主要磨损机制为粘着磨损、     

激光熔覆Cuss/Cr5Si3金属硅化物复合涂层组织及耐磨性的研究

利用激光熔覆技术在奥氏体1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢表面制备出由Cuss增韧铜基固溶体(Cr5Si3)金属硅化物新型耐磨复合涂层,分析了其显微组织,并在室温干滑动摩损条件下评价其耐磨性能.结果表明:涂层中高硬度耐磨相Cr5Si3得到Cuss基体的有力支撑,同时由于Cuss的高导热、低摩擦及自润滑效果,使得复合涂层在室温干滑动磨损条件下具有优异的耐磨性能;随着铜基固溶体体积分数增加,涂层的硬度和耐磨性明显降低.     

含WC陶瓷相电弧喷涂层耐磨粒磨损性能的研究

采用电弧喷涂含WC-CoNi金属陶瓷粉末的粉芯丝材,在低碳钢基体上制备铁基复合涂层,采用MLS-225型湿砂橡胶轮磨损试验机评价铁基复合涂层的耐磨粒磨损性能,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对涂层的显微组织结构、磨损表面及其相组成进行分析.结果表明:含WC陶瓷相涂层的耐磨粒磨损性能较好,相对Q235钢提高约9倍;当粉芯中WC质量分数低于25%时,随着WC含量增加,涂层的硬度和耐磨性增加;当粉芯中WC质量分数超过25%后,涂层的耐磨性有所下降;电弧喷涂含WC陶瓷相涂层的磨损机制主要为硬质相的脆性剥离和轻微的塑性切削,在磨粒磨损条件下硬度较低的金属基体先磨损,硬度较高的WC和Fe3B硬质相起到阻止石英砂磨损的作用,从而降低了涂层的磨损.     

Ti6Al4V合金激光熔覆Ti3SiC2增强Ni60复合涂层组织与摩擦学性能

为了提高Ti6Al4V合金的耐磨减摩性能,在其表面利用激光熔覆技术制备出两种不同配比的Ti₃SiC₂/Ni60复合涂层,分别是5%Ti₃SiC₂+Ni60(N1)和10%Ti₃SiC₂+Ni60(N2)(均为质量分数),研究了这两种涂层在室温、300和600 ℃下的微观组织、显微硬度、摩擦学性能表现及相关磨损机理. 结果表明:涂层主要由硬质相TiC/TiB/Ti_xNi_y,γ-Ni固溶体连续相和润滑相Ti₃SiC₂组成. N1、N2涂层的显微硬度均为基体(350HV_0.5)的3倍左右,分别为1 101.90HV_0.5 和1 037.23HV_0.5 ,在室温、300和600 ℃下的摩擦系数分别为0.39、0.35、0.30和0.41、0.45、0.44,均小于基体的摩擦系数(0.51、0.49、0.47). N1、N2涂层在室温、300和600 ℃下的磨损率分别为3.07×10?5、1.47×10?5、0.77×10?5 mm3/(N·m)和1.45×10?5、0.96×10?5、0.62×10?5 mm3/(N·m),均远小于基体[35.96×10?5、25.99×10?5、15.18×10?5mm3/(N·m)]. 在本文中Ti₃SiC₂提高了Ti6Al4V合金的耐磨减摩性能,使得N1涂层表现出更好的减摩性能,N2涂层表现出更好的耐磨性能. 室温下,磨粒磨损、塑性变形以及轻微的黏着磨损为两种涂层的主要磨损机理;300 ℃时,塑性变形、氧化磨损和黏着磨损是N1涂层的对应机理,600 ℃时出现了三体磨粒磨损;在300和600 ℃时,黏着磨损、氧化磨损及磨粒磨损为N2涂层的主要磨损机理.      

涂铁基非晶涂层的磨粒磨损性能研究

用电弧喷涂技术在Q235钢基体上制备一种高非晶含量的Fe基合金涂层.用MLS-225型湿砂橡胶轮磨损试验机评价铁基复合涂层的磨粒磨损性能,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对涂层的显微组织结构、磨损表面进行分析.结果表明,涂层中含有一定量的非晶相,通过Verdon方法对XRD图谱进行Pseudo-Voigt函数拟合,计算得出涂层的非晶相含量约为49%.涂层呈典型的层状组织结构,结构致密,孔隙率低,具有很高的硬度和耐磨性,显微硬度在HV900~1 050范围内,属于硬质涂层.涂层耐磨粒磨损性能为Q235钢的12.2倍.其磨损机制主要为脆性剥落.     

一种基于直接计算高阶奇异积分的断裂力学双边界积分方程分析法

相对于有限元法,边界单元法在求解断裂问题上有着独特的优势,现有的边界单元法中主要有子区域法和双边界积分方程法.采用一种改进的双边界积分方程法求解二维、三维断裂问题的应力强度因子,对非裂纹边界采用传统的位移边界积分方程,只需对裂纹面中的一面采用面力边界积分方程,并以裂纹间断位移为未知量直接用于计算应力强度因子.采用一种高阶奇异积分的直接法计算面力边界积分方程中的超强奇异积分;对于裂纹尖端单元,提供了三种不同形式的间断位移插值函数,采用两点公式计算应力强度因子.给出了多个具体的算例,与现存的精确解或参考解对比,可得到高精度的计算结果.      

汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡 碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析

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2008年5月12日,汶川M80地震在四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟内诱发一巨型滑坡。通过现场调查得知,滑坡前后缘高差455m,厚度20～30m,滑面为基岩层面,初始方量2750×107m3。滑体在运动中转化为碎屑流。滑坡-碎屑流总的水平运动距离为4022m,垂直运动距离为1443m,遗留的堆积物体积达5×107m3。滑坡距映秀—北川断裂仅36km,位于其下盘,地震烈度达XI度。滑坡导致文家沟中48人遇害,并形成一条完整的地震次生地质灾害链。初步分析表明滑坡启动速度快,滑坡向碎屑流转化过程明显、地点明确。碎屑流运动过程复杂,伴有强烈的“气垫效应”和“前缘气浪冲击效应”。作者认为,文家沟滑坡的高启动速度是长持时强烈地震动作用的结果,与山体的猛烈碰撞是导致滑体解体并转化为碎屑流的原因。     

Preface: Orbits around asteroid

One of the core issues in modern celestial mechanics is the orbital dynamics in the near-regime gravitational field of as- teroids, which provides deep insights into the mathematical nature of a class of nonlinear systems, and plays as a critical basis for in situ explorations of different science goals. Lots of efforts have been made to reveal the characteristics of orbital motion in the vicinity of asteroids, and to improve the skills of asteroid research in methodology.     

Preface: Current research progress on mechanics of high speed rail

The construction and operation of high-speed rail（HSR）grid within the past two decades in China,in terms of the scale,may be possibly comparable to any national-wide construction in the history of China,even the Great Wall.By counting railways with commercial train service at the speed of200 km/h,China has the world’s longest HSR network with over 19 369.8 km of track in service today and this number     

ACTA MECHANICA SINICA 2014 ANNUAL SUBJECT INDEX

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Effet de l'anisotropie élastique cristalline sur la distribution des facteurs de Schmid à la surface des polycristauxInfluence of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals

Experimental studies of the plasticity mechanisms of polycrystals are usually based on the Schmid factor distribution supposing crystalline elasticity isotropy. A numerical evaluation of the effect of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on the apparent Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals is presented. Cubic elasticity is considered. Order II stresses (averaged on all grains with the same crystallographic orientation) as well as variations between averages computed on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are computed. The Finite Element Method is used. Commonly studied metals presenting an increasing anisotropy degree are considered (aluminium, nickel, austenite, copper). Concerning order II stresses in strongly anisotropic metals, the apparent Schmid factor distribution is drifted towards small Schmid factor values (the maximum Schmid factor is equal to 0.43 instead of 0.5) and the slip activation order between characteristic orientations of the crystallographic standard triangle is modified. The computed square deviations of the stresses averaged on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are a bit higher than the second order ones (inter-orientation scatter). Our numerical evaluations agree quantitatively with several observations and measures of the literature concerning stress and strain distribution in copper and austenite polycrystals submitted to low amplitude loadings. Hopefully, the given apparent Schmid factor distributions could help to better understand the observations of the plasticity mechanisms taking place at the free surface of polycrystals. To cite this article: M. Sauzay, C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Nonlinear behavior of matrix-inclusion composites under high confining pressure: application to concrete and mortar

This paper is devoted to a micromechanics-based simulation of the response of concrete to hydrostatic and oedometric compressions. Concrete is described as a composite made up of a cement matrix in which rigid inclusions are embedded. The focus is put on the role of the interface between matrix and inclusion which represent the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). A plastic behavior is considered for both the matrix and the interfaces. The effective response of the composite is derived from the modified secant method adapted to the situation of imperfect interfaces. To cite this article: T.H. Le et al., C. R. Mecanique 336 (2008).