等直杆单元切线刚度矩阵的精确分析方法

为了有效完成大型铰接单层网壳结构的后屈曲分析,本文采用对杆单元杆端力函数求导的方法推导出了等直杆单元切线刚度矩阵的精确形式。该切线刚度矩阵不受结构小变形限制,适用于结构产生任意大结点位移情况。以六角星桁架、平面圆拱桁架和大跨K8单层网壳结构为算例,采用广义位移控制法进行非线性后屈曲分析,其中预测子采用本文杆单元切线刚度矩阵。算例分析结果表明,本文杆单元切线刚度矩阵在大型铰接单层网壳结构的非线性后屈曲分析中有很强的预测能力。     

等直杆单元切线刚度矩阵的精确分析方法

为了有效完成大型铰接单层网壳结构的后屈曲分析,本文采用对杆单元杆端力函数求导的方法推导出了等直杆单元切线刚度矩阵的精确形式。该切线刚度矩阵不受结构小变形限制,适用于结构产生任意大结点位移情况。以六角星桁架、平面圆拱桁架和大跨K8单层网壳结构为算例,采用广义位移控制法进行非线性后屈曲分析,其中预测子采用本文杆单元切线刚度矩阵。算例分析结果表明,本文杆单元切线刚度矩阵在大型铰接单层网壳结构的非线性后屈曲分析中有很强的预测能力。     

哑铃型钢管混凝土拱肋极限承载力研究

为了研究哑铃型钢管混凝土拱肋的力学性能,基于统一强度理论和等效梁柱法,考虑中间主应力和材料拉压比的影响,推导了其极限承载力的新公式。采用梁单元建立哑铃型钢管混凝土拱肋的有限元模型,对其受力全过程进行双重非线性分析。将理论分析结果和数值计算结果与相关文献的试验结果进行比较,吻合良好,验证了本文理论分析方法和有限元计算方法的正确性。采用有限元方法,对荷载工况、长细比、矢跨比、截面形式和腹腔混凝土等参数的影响特性进行分析,研究结果表明,荷载工况对哑铃型钢管混凝土拱肋的极限承载力影响显著,荷载越对称、均匀,拱肋的极限承载力越高,竖向变形越小;拱肋的极限承载力随长细比的增大而显著降低,随矢跨比的增大先提高后略有降低;截面形式对拱肋的强度和刚度均有较大影响,而腹腔混凝土对其强度和刚度几乎没有影响。     

钢管混凝土空间桁拱徐变计算的单一单元模型

采用空间杆单元模拟结构杆件，基于徐变作用下钢管与核心混凝土黏结良好因而应变协调的特点，结合徐变的时间步增量分析方法，建立适合钢管混凝土空间桁拱徐变分析的单一单元模型并开发了程序，对湖南茅草街大桥(主跨为368 m的中承式钢管混凝土拱)进行了《公路钢管混凝土拱桥设计规范》(JTG-T D65-2015)和《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》(JTG D62-2004)规定的两种徐变模式下拱肋下挠、截面应力以及杆件内力重分布的对比分析。结果表明：本研究的钢管混凝土杆件单一单元模型相对于常规的双单元模型能提高计算效率；两种徐变模式下计算的由徐变引起的拱肋下挠、截面应力重分布非常明显，杆件内力重分布不太明显；相对而言，后一种徐变模式下徐变对拱肋受力行为的影响更强些。     

弹性拱静力屈曲的突变行为

应用数学突变理论研究弹性两铰拱的静力屈曲，分析中考虑了拱的挠度变化、轴向压缩变形的影响，得到拱面内失稳的尖点突变模型和临界条件。     

钢管混凝土拱稳定分析的三维退化层合曲梁单元

为计算钢管混凝土拱的屈曲荷载,本文在文[1]三维退化梁单元的基础上,采用等效数值积分法,构造,出120－20结点三维退化层合曲梁单元,并考虑几何非线性影响,给出用于层合梁或拱线弹性稳定性分析的有限元列式,最后,以绍兴轻纺大桥为工程背景,计算出轻纺大枯钢管混凝土拱面内及面外屈曲的稳定系数。     

钢管初应力对钢管砼拱桥承载力影响非线性分析

基于非线性问题的平衡方程和空间梁单元非线性几何方程,推导了一般线弹性关系下计入初应力影响的空间梁单元显式切线刚度矩阵。针对钢管混凝土哑铃型截面的构造特点,提出了组合空间梁单元法,较好解决了哑铃型截面钢管初应力的计算与存储问题,并给出了承载力分析时单元划分的具体方法,编制了专用计算程序,计算结果与试验吻合良好。开展了不同钢管初应力系数、不同截面含钢率和不同跨径对钢管混凝土拱桥承载力的影响分析。结果表明,钢管初应力将使钢管混凝土拱桥的承载力降低,降低幅度与拱肋截面型式有关,承载力最大降低值可超过30%。最后给出了三种考虑钢管初应力影响的常用拱肋截面型式拱桥承载力影响系数实用计算公式。     

大型临时看台桁架结构优化计算与稳定性分析

针对大型临时看台桁架结构智能设计中的优化过程进行研究,根据人体跳跃荷载试验数据统计计算的竖向动力放大系数,利用ABAQUS分析比较了大型临时看台桁架结构杆件的不同布置对结构整体强度和刚度的影响,研究了斜杆布置对大型临时看台结构安全性能的影响;提出了大型临时空间桁架结构斜杆布置的安全性原则,大大提高了斜杆利用效率;通过临时结构非线性屈曲分析发现,初始缺陷对大型临时看台承载力劣化呈近似线性特征,当缺陷幅值为26mm时,极限承载力下降30.3%。本文研究结果对大型临时结构全自动设计和快速施工有一定的理论和实际意义。     

几何缺陷浅拱的动力稳定性分析

研究了几何缺陷对粘弹性铰支浅拱动力稳定性能的影响。从达朗贝尔原理和欧拉-贝努利假定出发推导了粘弹性铰支浅拱在正弦分布突加荷载作用下的动力学控制方程,并采用Galerkin截断法得到了可用龙格-库塔法求解的无量纲化非线性微分方程组。同时引入能有效追踪结构动力后屈曲路径的广义位移控制法,对含几何缺陷浅拱的响应曲线进行几何、材料双重非线性有限元分析。用这两种方法分析了前三阶谐波缺陷对浅拱动力稳定性能的影响,其中动力临界荷载由B-R准则判定。主要结论有:材料粘弹性使浅拱动力临界荷载增大且结构响应曲线与弹性情况差别很大;二阶谐波缺陷影响显著,它使动力临界荷载明显下降且使得浅拱粘弹性动力临界荷载可能低于弹性动力临界荷载。     

考虑初始几何缺陷时复合材料层合浅拱的动态“跳跃”

考虑几何非线性但不计横向剪切效应，给出了复合材料合浅拱的动力方程，利用伽辽金法求出了均布阶跃载荷作用下，两端铰支、正交铺层的对称层合浅拱在计及初始几何缺陷情况下的动力响应，并由Ｂ－Ｒ准则分析了动力稳定性计算结果表明：初始缺陷对于结构参数γ较大的拱的临界动力载荷有很大的影响。     

In-plane stability of arches

Classical buckling theory is mostly used to investigate the in-plane stability of arches, which assumes that the pre-buckling behaviour is linear and that the effects of pre-buckling deformations on buckling can be ignored. However, the behaviour of shallow arches becomes non-linear and the deformations are substantial prior to buckling, so that their effects on the buckling of shallow arches need to be considered. Classical buckling theory which does not consider these effects cannot correctly predict the in-plane buckling load of shallow arches. This paper investigates the in-plane buckling of circular arches with an arbitrary cross-section and subjected to a radial load uniformly distributed around the arch axis. An energy method is used to establish both non-linear equilibrium equations and buckling equilibrium equations for shallow arches. Analytical solutions for the in-plane buckling loads of shallow arches subjected to this loading regime are obtained. Approximations to the symmetric buckling of shallow arches and formulae for the in-plane anti-symmetric bifurcation buckling load of non-shallow arches are proposed, and criteria that define shallow and non-shallow arches are also stated. Comparisons with finite element results demonstrate that the solutions and indeed approximations are accurate, and that classical buckling theory can correctly predict the in-plane anti-symmetric bifurcation buckling load of non-shallow arches, but overestimates the in-plane anti-symmetric bifurcation buckling load of shallow arches significantly.     

Long-term non-linear behaviour and buckling of shallow concrete-filled steel tubular arches

This paper presents a theoretical analysis for the long-term non-linear elastic in-plane behaviour and buckling of shallow concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) arches. It is known that an elastic shallow arch does not buckle under a load that is lower than the critical loads for its bifurcation or limit point buckling because its buckling equilibrium configuration cannot be achieved, and the arch is in a stable equilibrium state although its structural response may be quite non-linear under the load. However, for a CFST arch under a sustained load, the visco-elastic effects of creep and shrinkage of the concrete core produce significant long-term increases in the deformations and bending moments and subsequently lead to a time-dependent change of its equilibrium configuration. Accordingly, the bifurcation point and limit point of the time-dependent equilibrium path and the corresponding buckling loads of CFST arches also change with time. When the changing time-dependent bifurcation or limit point buckling load of a CFST arch becomes equal to the sustained load, the arch may buckle in a bifurcation mode or in a limit point mode in the time domain. A virtual work method is used in the paper to investigate bifurcation and limit point buckling of shallow circular CFST arches that are subjected to a sustained uniform radial load. The algebraically tractable age-adjusted effective modulus method is used to model the time-dependent behaviour of the concrete core, based on which solutions for the prebuckling structural life time corresponding to non-linear bifurcation and limit point buckling are derived.     

火灾下圆钢管混凝土柱非线性有限元分析

首先提出合理的火灾下钢管混凝土拉、压材料数值热-力耦合本构模型及相应的计算方法;然后基于连续介质力学,推导火灾下U.L.列式虚功增量方程,采用非线性梁单元理论,给出火灾下钢管混凝土柱非线性有限元方程组的求解方法,编制非线性有限元程序NACFSTLF;最后对已有火灾下钢管混凝土柱的试验资料进行双重非线性有限元分析并考察钢管混凝土柱初始缺陷对其抗火性能的影响。分析结果表明:火灾下钢管混凝土柱的轴向变形-火灾时间曲线的计算结果基本上反映钢管混凝土柱的变形特性,而计算的耐火极限基本上是试验结果的上限;同时随着火灾下柱初始缺陷的增大,相同火灾时间下柱的跨中侧向挠度变形逐渐增大,耐火极限逐渐降低,而对柱的轴向变形影响相对较小。     

倒三角形截面板管连接式钢圆弧拱在平面内的稳定承载力研究

采用理论推导与数值模拟相结合的方法,对倒三角形截面板管连接式钢圆弧拱在平面内的弹性屈曲和弹塑性屈曲进行了深入研究。首先,理论推导了拱的截面剪切刚度,并提出了拱在全跨均布径向荷载作用下的弹性屈曲公式。此外,还提出了避免连接板和弦杆在拱发生整体弹性失稳之前发生局部失稳的限制条件。然后,分别研究了在全跨均布径向荷载和全跨均布竖向荷载作用下,拱的整体弹塑性失稳机理。结果表明,在全跨均布径向荷载下,拱在1/4跨和3/4跨附近的弦杆会发生屈服,最终发生拱的整体弹塑性失稳。基于数值结果,建立了拱在全跨均布径向荷载作用下的稳定曲线,并针对拱发生整体弹塑性屈曲提出了相应的稳定承载力设计公式。在全跨均布竖向荷载作用下,钢拱发生整体失稳时,在拱脚两端附近的下弦杆会进入屈服。同样地,本文也提出了拱在全跨均布竖向荷载作用下,发生整体弹塑性失稳时的稳定极限承载力设计公式。本文所建议的公式与有限元结果符合得较好,可供实际工程设计参考。     

In-plane buckling of prismatic funicular arches with shear deformations

The in-plane buckling behavior of funicular arches is investigated numerically in this paper. A finite strain Timoshenko beam-type formulation that incorporates shear deformations is developed for generic funicular arches. The elastic constitutive relationships for the internal beam actions are based on a hyperelastic constitutive model, and the funicular arch equilibrium equations are derived. The problems of a submerged arch under hydrostatic pressure, a parabolic arch under gravity load and a catenary arch loaded by overburden are investigated. Buckling solutions are derived for the parabolic and catenary arch. Subsequent investigation addresses the effects of axial deformation prior to buckling and shear deformation during buckling. An approximate buckling solution is then obtained based on the maximum axial force in the arch. The obtained buckling solutions are compared with the numerical solutions of Dinnik (Stability of arches, 1946) [1] and the finite element package ANSYS. The effects of shear deformation are also evaluated.     

Nonlinear in-plane thermal buckling of rotationally restrained functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite shallow arches under uniform radial loading

The nonlinear in-plane instability of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) shallow circular arches with rotational constraints subject to a uniform radial load in a thermal environment is investigated. Assuming arches with thickness-graded material properties, four different distribution patterns of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered. The classical arch theory and Donnell’s shallow shell theory assumptions are used to evaluate the arch displacement field, and the analytical solutions of buckling equilibrium equations and buckling loads are obtained by using the principle of virtual work. The critical geometric parameters are introduced to determine the criteria for buckling mode switching. Parametric studies are carried out to demonstrate the effects of temperature variations, material parameters, geometric parameters, and elastic constraints on the stability of the arch. It is found that increasing the volume fraction of CNTs and distributing CNTs away from the neutral axis significantly enhance the bending stiffness of the arch. In addition, the pretension and initial displacement caused by the temperature field have significant effects on the buckling behavior.     

Linear and geometrically nonlinear analysis of non-uniform shallow arches under a central concentrated force

In this paper an integral equation solution to the linear and geometrically nonlinear problem of non-uniform in-plane shallow arches under a central concentrated force is presented. Arches exhibit advantageous behavior over straight beams due to their curvature which increases the overall stiffness of the structure. They can span large areas by resolving forces into mainly compressive stresses and, in turn confining tensile stresses to acceptable limits. Most arches are designed to operate linearly under service loads. However, their slenderness nature makes them susceptible to large deformations especially when the external loads increase beyond the service point. Loss of stability may occur, known also as snap-through buckling, with catastrophic consequences for the structure. Linear analysis cannot predict this type of instability and a geometrically nonlinear analysis is needed to describe efficiently the response of the arch. The aim of this work is to cope with the linear and geometrically nonlinear problem of non-uniform shallow arches under a central concentrated force. The governing equations of the problem are comprised of two nonlinear coupled partial differential equations in terms of the axial (tangential) and transverse (normal) displacements. Moreover, as the cross-sectional properties of the arch vary along its axis, the resulting coupled differential equations have variable coefficients and are solved using a robust integral equation numerical method in conjunction with the arc-length method. The latter method allows following the nonlinear equilibrium path and overcoming bifurcation and limit (turning) points, which usually appear in the nonlinear response of curved structures like shallow arches and shells. Several arches are analyzed not only to validate our proposed model, but also to investigate the nonlinear response of in-plane thin shallow arches.     

Non-linear in-plane buckling of rotationally restrained shallow arches under a central concentrated load

This paper investigates the non-linear in-plane buckling of pin-ended shallow circular arches with elastic end rotational restraints under a central concentrated load. A virtual work method is used to establish both the non-linear equilibrium equations and the buckling equilibrium equations. Analytical solutions for the non-linear in-plane symmetric snap-through and antisymmetric bifurcation buckling loads are obtained. It is found that the effects of the stiffness of the end rotational restraints on the buckling loads, and on the buckling and postbuckling behaviour of arches, are significant. The buckling loads increase with an increase of the stiffness of the rotational restraints. The values of the arch slenderness that delineate its snap-through and bifurcation buckling modes, and that define the conditions of buckling and of no buckling for the arch, increase with an increase of the stiffness of the rotational end restraints.     

考虑前屈曲耦合变形时功能梯度简支梁的稳定性分析

在某些边界条件下,功能梯度材料（FGM）梁会由于拉弯耦合产生前屈曲耦合变形,而该变形对FGM梁的稳定性有影响。本文假设FGM梁的材料性质只沿厚度方向进行变化,基于经典非线性梁理论和物理中面概念,推导出FGM梁的平衡方程以及包含前屈曲耦合变形影响的屈曲控制方程,并用打靶法进行数值求解。讨论了前屈曲耦合变形、梯度指数以及材料性质的温度依赖等因素对FGM梁非线性变形和稳定性的影响。     

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提出了一种采用有限元法计算钢管混凝土受剪时等效剪切模量的方法,并对该方法 的正确性进行了验证;在分析了各种因素对等效剪切模量影响的基础上,给出了圆形和方形 钢管混凝土受剪时等效剪切模量的简化计算公式;与其他得到钢管混凝土剪切模量的方法进 行比较,分析了结果不同的原因,表明对钢管混凝土采用有限元计算研究其等效剪切模量的 方法更为合理.