下击暴流作用下群体高层建筑风压干扰特性的数值分析

针对布局变化对高层建筑下击暴流场气动干扰特性研究的缺乏,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型封闭求解N-S方程的RANS方法模拟下击暴流场,在与已有单体高层建筑下击暴流场试验数据进行对比验证的基础上,模拟研究两幢高层建筑布局的下击暴流风效应场。考虑建筑布局距风暴中心距离变化以及布局纵横向间距变化时,施扰建筑对受扰建筑立面风压的影响,获取立面风压干扰规律与特性。结果表明:受扰建筑迎风面干扰因子随风暴中心距离的增大而增大,突出表现在较大距离区间(r2D),且干扰作用随布局纵横向间距的变化存在较明显差异;当距风暴中心较近时(r2D),布局纵横方向间距变化对受扰建筑干扰因子的影响较小;在径向最大风速位置处(r/D=1.0),临近施扰建筑的受扰建筑侧风面风压相对单体情况有所减小,其干扰因子随布局纵向间距的增大而减小,随横向间距的增大而增大。     

下击暴流作用下低层建筑立面开洞对内外风压分布影响的研究

采用基于Reynolds时均方法(RANS方法)模拟下击暴流风场,在与已有试验数据进行对比验证的基础上,模拟分析立面开洞对低层建筑内外风压分布的影响,侧重考虑建筑处于径向最大风速位置(r/D_0=1.0),风向、开洞位置、开洞面数和开洞率的变化对内外风压分布的影响。分析结果表明:与封闭建筑相比,单面开洞建筑屋面内外合风压系数明显增大,在0°风向作用下,7.5%的开洞率引起开洞建筑屋面内外合风压系数的最大增幅,总体平均增幅约为300%;开洞面数的变化对建筑内风压有显著影响,在0°风向作用下,相对于单面开洞建筑,三面开洞建筑各分区内风压系数降低的幅度最大,降幅的最大值约为150%;在侧面开洞时,位置变化对建筑内外表面风压均有较大影响,对比同一分区处各工况间风压变化,最大外风压系数差为0.4左右,出现在侧面靠近迎风转角区域(D1、E1),各分区内风压系数差均约为0.4;风向变化对建筑内压也产生一定影响,可导致其值发生正负改变。当风向为30°时,相较于0°风向,双面开洞建筑侧面靠近背风转角区域(D4)内风压变化最大,内风压系数由-0.2变为0.32。     

建筑立面风驱雨气动干扰特性的数值模拟研究

风驱雨(Wind-Driven Rain,简称WDR)是建筑立面最主要的水分来源之一,对结构耐久性和建筑温湿性能存在重要影响。目前,WDR分布特性的研究主要针对单体布局,考虑群体布局条件下建筑立面WDR受气动干扰影响的研究仍比较缺乏,并且基于立面区域性特征的WDR气动干扰研究更为缺少。基于欧拉多相流模型的CFD数值模拟方法,在利用某群布局建筑WDR实测数据验证数值方法的基础上,模拟分析某两串列布局建筑WDR场,通过对气动干扰不同影响因素的定量分析,获取不同影响因素下受扰建筑迎风面中线位置抓取率、测点抓取率比值、局部区域干扰因子的气动干扰变化规律。结果表明:受扰建筑迎风面WDR干扰效应受施扰建筑高度和风速变化影响较大,而受建筑间距和雨强变化影响相对较小。对于建筑WDR干扰研究,局部区域干扰因子能更好地反映气动干扰对立面WDR分布的影响。     

矩形截面高层建筑横向风激励时程模拟

提出了一种改进的矩形高层建筑横风向脉动激励模拟方法。从牛顿第二定理出发,将沿建筑高度分布的横风向加速度和楼层质量转化为沿楼层高度分布的横风向惯性力计算公式;考虑横风向力谱竖向相干函数,由此导出了沿建筑高度方向分布的横风向脉动力互谱,进而采取谐波合成法模拟出了沿建筑高度分布的横风向脉动力时程数据。结果表明:横风向振动响应与结构固有频率相关,结构前2阶模态频率所对应的横风向加速度响应功率谱约占80%,且第2阶模态频率占主导;当在结构2/3高度增加粘滞阻尼器时,第2阶模态频率所对应的结构加速度功率谱值降低约为43.1%,减震效果明显。因此,结构横风向加速度分析至少考虑前2阶模态的影响。     

下击暴流作用下双坡屋面建筑风荷载分布特性研究

采用RNG k-ε湍流模型模拟下击暴流场,在与已有建筑下击暴流场试验数据进行对比验证的基础上,模拟分析了下击暴流对双坡屋面建筑的风压作用;侧重考虑了建筑处于下击暴流径向最大风速位置(r/D_0=1.0)处,风向与坡角变化及有无挑檐对风压分布的影响。分析结果表明:风向与坡角的变化对表面风压有显著影响,坡角变化时,屋面风荷载体型系数最大增幅达到152.2%;随风向角增大,迎风面总体风荷载体型系数呈显著减小趋势,而背风面的负压绝对值则有较大提高,其系数变化幅度达到120.7%;因风向变化,侧风面风荷载体型系数出现261.4%的增幅;有无挑檐对建筑表面风压也产生影响,但主要表现在迎风面近挑檐区域的风压发生较大改变。     

高层建筑动态风干扰的瞬态风压积分法研究

提出通过在风洞试验中多通道测量刚性模型表面瞬态风压并进行积分的方法研究高层建筑的动态风干扰。模型表面的瞬态风压利用多通道同步压力测量而得到。为提高数值积分精度,测压孔位置按高斯求积节点布置。设计了表面布置有测压孔的受扰高层建筑刚性模型和三种不同高度的干扰建筑模型,研究了相同高度以及不同高度的两个高层建筑之间的顺风向和横风向动态风干扰。借助干扰因子讨论了近邻建筑的位置、距离以及楼高对受扰建筑基础动态倾覆力矩的影响规律,并与传统方法所得结果作了比较。     

大跨度开合屋盖的风致干扰效应研究

采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,研究了在不同开合情况下,受单体干扰建筑影响时大跨度开合屋盖结构的风压分布规律及风致干扰效应.首先采用TTU试验数据和风洞试验数据验证了CFD方法的准确性;然后研究了施扰建筑在不同条件下,目标大跨度开合屋盖表面的风压分布规律.研究结果表明:随着干扰建筑物与大跨度开合屋盖间距增大,结构表面的...     

并列三柱体风致干扰DDES模拟分析

采用基于SSTk-ω湍流模型的延迟分离涡模拟方法DDES(Delayed detached eddy simulation),对三并列线性布置柱体的风荷载和流场特性进行了数值模拟.为验证方法的有效性,对单个三维方柱绕流进行了计算分析,比较计算值与试验结果的风荷载特征,两者符合较好.然后采用DDES研究了三并列方柱对称布置时,间距比对中间受扰建筑风致干扰的问题.数值结果表明,间距比较小时对受扰建筑风荷载分布有较大影响.总的来看,当间距比约为3.0时,受扰建筑的影响达到最大.同时,数值分析了三方柱周围瞬态流场特征,探讨了临近建筑之间的干扰机理.结果 表明,SST-DDES方法能够较好地预测绕方柱流动分离问题,可为群体高层建筑气动相互干扰研究提供参考.     

单层平面索网幕墙结构的几何非线性问题研究

单层平面索网支承式玻璃幕墙结构是近年来在国内外应用较为广泛的一种新型幕墙结构形式,由于单层平面索网不具有负高斯曲面形式,结构在平面外方向的刚度偏柔,表现出较明显的几何非线性特征.本文采用连续化方法建立了单层平面索网结构考虑几何非线性影响的静力平衡方程和振动方程,得到了结构刚度的解析表达式,并采用谐波平衡法求得非线性频率的简化解析表达式,以此为基础研究了单层平面索网结构的静力非线性和动力非线性问题.研究结果表明:结构的非线性和结构的初始位置密切相关;结构的非线性频率主要取决于索的初始应变、结构振动幅值与跨度的比值,几何非线性对于结构动力性能的影响要小于对结构静力性能的影响;本文得到的结构在地震荷载和平均风荷载作用下的非线性振动方程和非线性频率为结构在地震荷载和脉动风荷载作用下动力响应的求解奠定了基础.     

饱和多孔半平面与无限长梁的动力相互作用

用解析法分析了受法向力作用时饱和多孔半平面的动力响应,在此基础上对饱和多孔半平面与无限长梁的动力相互作用问题进行了分析。借助Fourier变换,将Biot基本方程组转化为常微分方程组并对其分步进行求解,从而将原先极为复杂的问题转化为相对简单的数值积分问题。研究了振动频率(ω)、液体内摩擦(b)和梁的刚度(EI)对梁挠度的影响。数值计算结果表明,振动频率、液体内摩擦和梁的刚度对梁的挠度曲线的形状,尤其是对梁的最大挠度有着显著的影响。梁挠度的幅值随ω的增高,随b的减小,其衰减速度在增快,但随着EI的增大,梁挠度的幅值衰减速度并无明显的变化;梁挠度的最大幅值随ω的增高而减小,随b的减小,随EI的增大而减小。     

Interference effects of two and three super-tall buildings under wind action

Most previous investigations on interference effects of tall buildings under wind actions focused on the wind induced interference effects between two buildings,and the interference effects of three or more buildings have seldom been studied so far due to the huge workload involved in experiments and data processing.In this paper,mean and dynamic force/response interference effects and peak wind pressure interference effects of two and three tall buildings,especially the three-building configuration,are investigated through a series of wind tunnel tests on typical tall building models using high frequency force balance technique and wind pressure measurements.Furthermore,the present paper focuses on the effects of parameters,including breadth ratio and height ratio of the buildings and terrain category,on the interference factors and derives relevant regression results for the interference factors.     

高层双塔楼绕流风场效应的数值预测

在一高层双塔楼静力风载风洞试验的基础上,采用时均数值模拟的方法,对其绕流风场进行了模拟,获得了风场的绕流特点和塔楼表面风压的分布规律．通过风压的模拟计算值与试验值的比较,表明以数值方法预测气动干扰强烈的绕流风场是准确和可行的．     

高湍流度风场中两个高层建筑间的风干扰效应

来流湍流度对群体高层建筑结构间的干扰效应有很大的影响。但由于流场模拟的复杂性,以往多数干扰效应研究所用的流场均不同程度地存在湍流度低于荷载规范建议值的问题,而且多数文献主要致力于研究在郊区地貌下的建筑群体间的干扰效应,甚少详细研究高湍流度的城市中心地貌的干扰效应。本文首先用被动模拟方法较好地模拟出乎均风剖面指数为0．3的城市中心地貌而湍流度不同的4种流场,所模拟出的流场的湍流度在模型高度处分别为10％,15％,20％和26％．在此基础上用高频动态力天平技术对两个高层建筑间的静态和动态干扰效应进行了风洞试验研究。文末对城市中心地貌下两个高层建筑间的动静态干扰以及风振系数的取值提出了一些建议。     

受控结构风振响应分析的广义虚拟激励法

基于复模态分析和虚拟激励法．提出了用于具有密集频率和非经典阻尼受控结构风振响应分析的广义虚拟激励法。该法可以考虑任意风谱和空间相关性以及模态耦合效应,且计算效率很高。不同于SRSS法．该算法包含了全部参振模态之间和全部激励点之间的相关性．在理论上是精确解。     

AN EXTENDED k-ε MODEL FOR NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF WIND FLOW AROUND BUILDINGS

It is assumed in this paper that for a high Reynolds number nearly homogeneouswind flow, the Reynolds stresses are uniquely related to the mean velocity gradientsand the two independent turbulent scaling parameters k and E. By applying dimensionalanalysis and owing to the Cayley-Hamilton theorem for tensors, a new turbulenceenclosure model so-called the axtended k-ε model has been developed. The coefficientsof the model expression were detemined by the wind tunnel experimental data ofhomogeneous shear turbulent flow. The model was compared with the standard k-εmodel in in composition and the prediction of the Reynold’s normal Stresses. Using thenew model the numerical simulation of wind flow around a square cross-section tallbuilding was performed. The results show that the extended k-ε model improves theprediction of wind velocities around the building the building and wind pressures on the buildingenvelope.     

阻塞效应对高层建筑风洞试验的影响分析

风工程界对单体建筑风洞试验阻塞效应进行了大量研究并取得初步成果,有关群体建筑风洞试验阻塞效应的研究却鲜有报道.基于此,本文对具有较多周边建筑的某实际高层建筑进行了两种缩尺比的刚性模型测压试验.结果发现阻塞效应的不同使两组模型的风压数据出现显著差异.分析表明:对于具有较多周边建筑的风洞试验,较大阻塞比导致的阻塞效应可能引起试验数据严重失真,阻塞效应对模型侧面风压的影响较迎风面、背风面更为显著;现有的阻塞效应修正方法不具有普遍适用性,阻塞比这一整体性指标无法描述模型不同部位的阻塞效应.     

气动阻尼对高层建筑横风向风振响应的影响

引入横风力谱模型，分析了某高宽比为6 的方形截面高层建筑在不同地貌和风速条件下的横风向风振响应. 同时考虑正气动阻尼的影 响，获得该建筑在不同自振基频下的风振响应及气动阻尼影响的规律. 分析结果表 明，对于处于低粗糙度地貌并受较高风速作用的低频建筑物，当计算其横风向风振响应时，应适当考虑 正气动阻尼的影响，使计算结果更具真实性.     

Wind pressures on tapered and set-back tall buildings

Recent tall buildings tend to have irregular and unconventional shapes as a prevailing but unavoidable trend, which is very effective for suppressing across-wind responses. Suppression of across-wind responses is a major factor in safety and habitability design of tall buildings, and the so-called aerodynamic modification method is comprehensively used. While the effectiveness of aerodynamic modification in reducing wind loads has been widely reported, there have been few detailed investigations of pressure fluctuations. The purpose of the present work is to investigate the spatio-temporal characteristics of pressure fluctuations applied to height-modified tall buildings comprehensively, including differences of vortex formation and shedding mechanism based on the previously reported mechanism of a conventional square tall building. The results show that taper and set-back affect on the bandwidth of power spectra and position of peak frequencies. And through taper and set-back, the height at which the vortex begins to form moves up, and due to the small building dimension, the vortex component formed at that height sheds from the building more frequently before an inverted conical vortex is formed over the whole height.     

An experimental study on wind loads acting on a high-rise building model induced by microburst-like winds

In the present study, an experimental investigation is conducted to quantify the characteristics of the microburst-induced wind loads (i.e., both static and dynamic wind loads) acting on a high-rise building model, compared to those with the test model placed in conventional atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) winds. The experimental study is performed by using an impinging-jet-based microburst simulator available at Iowa State University. In additional to conducting flow field measurements to quantify the flow characteristics of the microburst-like wind, both mean and dynamic wind loads acting on the test model induced by the microburst-like wind are assessed in detail based on the quantitative measurements of the surface pressure distributions around the test model and the resultant aerodynamic forces. It is found that the microburst-induced wind loads acting on high-rise buildings would be significantly different from their counterparts in conventional ABL winds. Both the static and dynamic wind loads acting on the high-rise building model were found to change significantly depending on the radial locations and the orientation angles of the test model in respect to the oncoming microburst-like wind. The dynamic wind loads acting on the test model were found to be mainly influenced by the periodical shedding of the primary vortices and the high turbulence levels in the microburst-like wind. The findings derived from the present study are believed to be useful to gain further insight into the underlying physics of the flow–structure interactions of high-rise buildings in violent microburst winds for a better understanding of the damage potential of microburst winds to high-rise buildings.